Konsensus ilmiah tentang perubahan iklim: Perbedaan antara revisi

* Aktivitas manusia (terutama emisi [[gas rumah kaca]]) adalah [[Atribusi perubahan iklim|penyebab utama]].

* Emisi yang berkelanjutan akan meningkatkan kemungkinan dan tingkat keparahan [[Efek pemanasan global|efek global]] dari perubahan iklim.

 

Beberapa studi tentang konsensus telah dilakukan.<ref name=ConsensusOnConsensus2016>{{Cite journal |last=Cook|first=John |last2=Oreskes|first2=Naomi |last3=Doran|first3=Peter T. |last4=Anderegg|first4=William R. L. |last5=Verheggen|first5=Bart |last6=Maibach|first6=Ed W. |last7=Carlton|first7=J. Stuart |last8=Lewandowsky|first8=Stephan |last9=Skuce|first9=Andrew G. |last10=Green|first10=Sarah A. |last11=Nuccitelli|first11=Dana |last12=Jacobs|first12=Peter |last13=Richardson|first13=Mark |last14=Winkler|first14=Bärbel |last15=Painting|first15=Rob |last16=Rice|first16=Ken |date=2016|title=Consensus on consensus: a synthesis of consensus estimates on human-caused global warming|url=http://stacks.iop.org/1748-9326/11/i=4/a=048002|journal=Environmental Research Letters|language=en|volume=11|issue=4|page=048002|doi=10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/048002|issn=1748-9326|bibcode=2016ERL....11d8002C}}</ref> Di antara yang paling banyak dikutip adalah studi 2013 terhadap hampir 12.000 abstrak dari makalah yang [[Penelaahan sejawat|ditelaah sejawat]] tentang ilmu iklim yang diterbitkan sejak 1990, di mana lebih dari 4.000 makalah menyatakan pendapat tentang penyebab pemanasan global baru-baru ini. Dari jumlah tersebut, 97% setuju, secara eksplisit atau implisit, bahwa pemanasan global sedang terjadi dan disebabkan oleh manusia.<ref name=EnvResLett_20130513>{{cite journal |last1=Cook |first1=John |last2=Nuccitelli |first2=Dana |last3=Green |first3=Sarah A. |last4=Richardson |first4=Mark |last5=Winkler |first5=Bärbel |last6=Painting |first6=Rob |last7=Way |first7=Robert |last8=Jacobs |first8=Peter |last9=Skuce |first9=Andrew |title=Quantifying the consensus on anthropogenic global warming in the scientific literature |journal=Environ. Res. Lett. |date=May 15, 2013 |volume=8 |issue=2 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024024 |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024024 |publisher=IOP Publishing Ltd.}}</ref><ref name=YaleClimateComms_20130529>{{cite web |title=Scientific and Public Perspectives on Climate Change / Scientists’ vs. Public Understanding of Human-Caused Global Warming |url=https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/publications/scientific-and-public-perspectives-on-climate-change/ |website=climatecommunication.yale.edu |publisher=Yale University |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417081857/http://climatecommunication.yale.edu/publications/scientific-and-public-perspectives-on-climate-change/ |archivedate=April 17, 2019 |date=May 29, 2013 |deadurl=no }}</ref> "Sangat mungkin"<ref name=4thNationalClimateAssessment_20181123>{{cite web |title=Climate Science Special Report / Fourth National Climate Assessment (NCA4), Volume I /Executive Summary / Highlights of the Findings of the U.S. Global Change Research Program Climate Science Special Report |url=https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/executive-summary/ |website=globalchange.gov |publisher=U.S. Global Change Research Program |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614150544/https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/executive-summary/ |archivedate=June 14, 2019 |date=November 23, 2018 |doi=10.7930/J0DJ5CTG |deadurl=no }}</ref> bahwa pemanasan global disebabkan oleh "aktivitas manusia, terutama emisi [[gas rumah kaca]]"<ref name=4thNationalClimateAssessment_20181123/> di [[Atmosfer Bumi|atmosfer]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://climate.nasa.gov/scientific-consensus |title=Scientific consensus: Earth's climate is warming|work=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet|publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)|access-date=2018-08-18|quote=Multiple studies published in peer-reviewed scientific journals1 show that 97 percent or more of actively publishing climate scientists agree: Climate-warming trends over the past century are extremely likely due to human activities. In addition, most of the leading scientific organizations worldwide have issued public statements endorsing this position. |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617103005/https://climate.nasa.gov/scientific-consensus/ |archivedate= June 17, 2019 |deadurl=no }}</ref> Perubahan alami saja akan memiliki sedikit efek pendinginan, bukan efek pemanasan.<ref name="AR4-warming-unequivocal" /><ref name="ipcc">{{citation