Pengguna:Dhiosk/Bak pasir: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan |
|||
Baris 117:
| colspan="5" |Source: Arifin, Kaswanto & Nakagoshi 2014{{sfn|Arifin|Kaswanto|p=131|Nakagoshi|2014}}
|}
Pekarangans' present complexity might also be supported by its lack of susceptibility towards extraction from goverments throughout the history of Java. This is supported by the prohibition of wet rice fields' area reduction (as a means to expand pekarangans' area).{{sfn|Dove|1990|pp=160}}<ref group=note>However, records have narrated a long history of extraction (in form of taxation) from pekarangans in Java.{{sfn | Dove | 1990 | pp=160}}</ref>
A record says that pekarangans in 1902 had already covered 378,000 hectares of land in Java, and the number increases to 1,417,000 hectares in 1937 and 1,612,568 hectares in 1986.{{sfn | Soemarwoto | Conway | 1992 | pp=5}} The number rises to about 1,736,000 hectares in 2000.{{sfn|Arifin|Kaswanto|p=130|Nakagoshi|2014}} Indonesia, as a whole, has 5,132,000 hectares of pekarangans of 2000.{{sfn|Arifin|Kaswanto|p=130|Nakagoshi|2014}} The number increases to about 10.3 million hectares in 2010.{{sfn|Arifin|2013|pp=2|p=}}
| |||