Zainal Abidin bin Ali: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
k + |
k + |
||
Baris 65:
Bin Ali melanjutkan pendekatan [[otoriter]] pendahulunya dan memuja kepribadian (aktivitasnya mengambil tempat banyak dari berita harian). Meski ia mengumumkan [[pluralisme]] politiknya pada [[1992]], Rapat Umum Konstitusional Demokratiknya (dahulu Partai Neo-Destour) melanjutkan dominasi politik nasional. Rezimnya masih tidak mengizinkan aktivitas oposisi dan kebebasan pers menyisakan penyamaran. Pada [[1999]], walaupun dua kandidat alternatif yang tak dikenal diizinkan untuk pertama kalinya berada dalam pemilihan presiden, Ben Ali diangkat kembali dengan 99,66% suara. Ia kembali dipilih pada [[24 Oktober]] [[2004]], secara resmi meraih 94,48% suara, setelah referendum konstitusi yang kontroversial pada [[2002]] yang membuatnya bertahan sebagai presiden setidaknya hingga 2014.
==Lihat pula==
{{Portal|Afrika|Politik}}
*[[18 October Coalition for Rights and Freedoms]]
==Penghargaan==
{{more citations needed|section|date=November 2018}}
=== Penghargaan nasional Tunisia ===
*Grand Master of the Order of Independence
*Grand Master of the [[Order of the Republic (Tunisia)|Order of the Republic]]
*Grand Master of the National Order of Merit
*Grand Master of the Order of the Seventh of November
=== Penghargaan asing ===
* {{Flag|Austria}} : Grand Star of the [[Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria]] (2003)<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.parlament.gv.at/PAKT/VHG/XXIV/AB/AB_10542/imfname_251156.pdf|title=Reply to a parliamentary question about the Decoration of Honour|language=German|page=1586|accessdate=November 2012}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Egypt}} : Grand Cordon of the [[Order of the Nile]] (1990)
* {{Flag|France}} : Grand Cross of the Order of the [[Legion of Honour]] (1989)
* {{Flag|Japan}} : Grand Cordon of the [[Order of the Chrysanthemum]] (1996)
* {{Flag|Libya}} : Collar of the Order of the Grand Conqueror (1992)
* {{Flag|Malta}} : Honorary Companions of Honour with Collar of the [[National Order of Merit (Malta)]] (2005)
* {{Flag|Monaco}} : Grand Cross of the [[Order of Saint-Charles]] (7 September 2006)<ref>Nomination by [http://www.legimonaco.mc/Dataweb/jourmon.nsf/100ab120e52ceb84c12568ce002f2909/839da30e75b7d72ec12571e3002e07f6!OpenDocument Sovereign Ordonnance] (French)</ref>
* {{Flag|Morocco}} : Grand Cross of the [[Order of Ouissam Alaouite]] (2000)
* {{Flag|Romania}} : Collar of the [[Order of the Star of Romania]] (2003)<ref>[http://canord.presidency.ro/Ord.St.Rom..xls Tabella degli insigniti]</ref>
* {{Flag|South Africa}} : Grand Cross of the [[Order of Good Hope]] (5 April 1995)<ref>[http://www.mandela.gov.za/mandela_speeches/1995/950405_tunisia.htm Mandela conferring the Order of Good Hope]</ref>
* {{Flag|Spain}} : Collar of the [[Order of Isabella the Catholic]] (25 May 1991)<ref>[https://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-1991-13147 Boletín Oficial del Estado]</ref>
==Referensi==
{{Reflist|30em}}
==Pranala luar==
{{Commons|Zine El Abidine Ben Ali}}
*{{C-SPAN|zineelabidinebenali}}
*{{Aljazeeratopic|person/ben-ali}}
*{{Guardian topic}}
*{{NYTtopic|people/b/zine_elabidine_ben_ali|Zine El-Abidine Ben Ali}}
*[http://allafrica.com/stories/200701310594.html Tunisia: President Ben Ali stresses need to intensify cooperation to combat terrorism]
*[https://www.un.org/ffd/statements/tunisiaE.htm Call by Ben Ali to establish 'World Solidarity Fund'] UN Website
{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Mohammed Mzali]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Kementerian Dalam Negeri (Tunisia)|Menteri Dalam Negeri Tunisia]]|years=1986–1987}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Habib Ammar]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Rachid Sfar]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Perdana Menteri Tunisia]]|years=1987}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Hédi Baccouche]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Habib Bourguiba]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Presiden Tunisia]]|years=1987–2011}}
{{s-aft|after={{nowrap|[[Mohamed Ghannouchi]]}}<br/><small>plt.</small>}}
|-
{{s-dip}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Hosni Mubarak]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Ketua Organisasi Persatuan Afrika]]|years=1994–1995 }}
{{s-aft|after=[[Meles Zenawi]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{Presiden Tunisia}}
{{Perdana Menteri Tunisia}}
{{Ketua Uni Afrika}}
{{
{{Kabinet Zainal Abidin bin Ali}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ben Ali, Zine El Abidine}}
[[Kategori:Presiden Tunisia|bin Ali, Zainal Abidin]]▼
[[Category:Kelahiran 1936]]
[[Category:Kematian 2019]]
[[Category:Duta Besar Tunisia untuk Polandia]]
[[Category:Pemimpin yang berkuasa melalui kudeta]]
[[Category:Tokoh yang dipecat dari jabatan publik]]
[[Category:Tokoh yang dihukum in absentia]]
[[Category:Tokoh Revolusi Tunisia]]
[[Category:Perdana Menteri Tunisia]]
[[Category:Anti-komunis Afrika]]
[[Category:Kritikus Islamisme]]
[[Category:Eksil Tunisia]]
[[Category:Personel militer Tunisia]]
[[Category:Muslim Sunni Tunisia]]
[[Category:Penderita kanker]]
|