Kontroversi Trump–Ukraina: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Keluhan diteruskan ke komisi intelijen kongres pada tanggal 25 September.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-whistleblower-complaint-dni-to-provide-congress-with-whistleblower-complaint-today-live-updates-2019-09-25/|title=DNI to provide Congress with whistleblower complaint — live updates|website=www.cbsnews.com|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-25}}</ref> Gedung Putih juga berencana merilis keluhan yang sudah disensor ke publik.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/9/25/20883238/white-house-trump-ukraine-whistleblower-complaint-release-call-zelensky|title=The White House will release a redacted version of the whistleblower’s complaint after all|last=Collins|first=Sean|date=2019-09-25|website=Vox|language=en|access-date=2019-09-25}}</ref>
== Latar belakang ==
Pada tahun 2014, [[Kepresidenan Barack Obama|pemerintahan Obama]] berupaya mendukung [[pemerintahan pertama Yatsenyuk|pemerintahan Yatsenyuk]] di Ukraina lewat jalur diplomasi. Wakil Presiden [[Joe Biden]] was "at the forefront" of those efforts.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.apnews.com/9d4595ba4f3140c6bb6a3473a91f4a4c|title=The story behind Biden's son, Ukraine and Trump's claims|last1=Braun|first1=Stephen|last2=Berry|first2=Lynn|date=September 23, 2019|agency=Associated Press|accessdate=24 September 2019}}</ref> Biden pergi ke Kiev tanggal 22 April 2014 dan mendorong pemerintah Ukraina "... untuk mengurangi [[Rusia di sektor energi Eropa|ketergantungan dengan gas alam Rusia]]."<ref>{{cite news|first1=Andrew|last1=Higgins|first2=Andrew|last2=Roth|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/23/world/europe/biden-ukraine.html?_r=1|title=Biden Offers Strong Support to Ukraine and Issues a Sharp Rebuke to Russia|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|publisher=[[New York Times Company]]|location=New York City|date=April 22, 2014}}</ref> Ia menjelaskan [[Amerika Serikat]] bisa memberi bantuan teknis untuk menggenjot produksi gas alam dalma negeri.<ref>{{cite news|first=Scott|last=Wilson|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/biden-arrives-in-ukraine-to-show-us-support-as-crisis-with-russia-continues/2014/04/21/e4a77800-c960-11e3-a75e-463587891b57_story.html|title=Biden arrives in Ukraine to show U.S. support as crisis with Russia continues|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|publisher=Nash Holdings LLC|location=Washington DC|date=May 14, 2014}}</ref>
Pada April 2014, putra Biden, [[Hunter Biden]], menjadi anggota dewan direksi [[Burisma Holdings]], perusahaan energi Ukraina. Burisma adalah produsen [[gas alam]] swasta terbesar di [[Ukraina]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-echochambers-27403003|title=Vice President Joe Biden's son joins Ukraine gas company|website=[[BBC News]]|publisher=BBC|location=London, England|date=May 14, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.nationaljournal.com/white-house/another-biden-has-waded-into-the-ukraine-crisis-20140513|title=Another Biden Has Waded Into the Ukraine Crisis - The vice president's son has taken a new role in the country's energy industry|magazine=[[National Journal]]|publisher=[[Atlantic Media]] |location=Washington DC|date=May 13, 2014}}</ref> Biden, pengacara [[Boies Schiller Flexner LLP|Boies Schiller Flexner]], diminta membantu Burisma mengurus "transparansi, tata kelola dan tanggung jawab perusahaan, perluasan internasional." Badan hukumnya juga dikontrak oleh Burisma.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/article/2019/sep/23/president-donald-trump-ukraine-biden-whistleblower/ |title=Trump's Ukraine call, a whistleblower and the Bidens: What we know, what we don't |publisher=PolitiFact |date= |accessdate=2019-09-24}}</ref> Upah Biden tidak pasti, paling tinggi $50.000 per bulan.<ref name = sorting/>
Sejak 2012, [[Jaksa Agung Ukraina]] menyelidiki pemilik Burisma, seorang oligark bernama [[Mykola Zlochevsky]], atas dugaan pencucian uang, penghindaran pajak, dan korupsi.<ref name = sorting/> Pada tahun 2015, [[Viktor Shokin]] menjadi jaksa agung dan melanjutkan investigasi. Pemerintah AS dan negara-negara lain serta sejumlah LSM mempermasalahkan Shokin yang lambat menangani kasus korupsi di Ukraina, melindungi elit politik, dan dianggap "menghambat program anti-korupsi".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/bidens-anticorruption-effort-in-ukraine-overlapped-with-sons-work-in-country-11569189782|title=Biden's Anticorruption Effort in Ukraine Overlapped With Son's Work in Country|first=Alan|last=Cullison|website=Wall Street Journal|date=September 22, 2019|url-access=subscription|quote=Messrs. Trump and Giuliani have suggested that Joe Biden pushed for the firing of Ukraine’s general prosecutor, Viktor Shokin, in March 2016 to stop an investigation into Burisma. In Ukraine, government officials and anticorruption advocates say that is a misrepresentation...Mr. Shokin had dragged his feet into those investigations, Western diplomats said, and effectively squashed one in London by failing to cooperate with U.K. authorities...In a speech in 2015, the U.S. ambassador to Ukraine, Otto Pyatt, called the Ukrainian prosecutor "an obstacle" to anticorruption efforts}}</ref> Selain itu, Shokin mengulur investigasi kasus Zlochevsky dan Burisma sampai-sampai pejabat pemerintah AS berencana melakukan investigasinya sendiri terkait dugaan pencucian uang.<ref name = sorting>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/22/us/politics/biden-ukraine-trump.html|title=Trump, Biden and Ukraine: Sorting Out the Accusations|last=Vogel|first=Kenneth P.|date=September 22, 2019|work=The New York Times|accessdate=23 September 2019}}</ref> Sebelum Shokin dipecat, ia sempat melakukan penyelidikan terhadap Burisma dan menyeret Hunter. Shokin yakin dirinya dipecat karena menyelidiki kasus Burisma.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Voytko |first1=Lisette |title=Here’s What Happened With The Bidens And Ukraine |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/lisettevoytko/2019/09/25/heres-what-happened-with-the-bidens-and-ukraine/ |accessdate=26 September 2019 |work=Forbes |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Baker |first1=Stephanie |last2=Krasnolutska |first2=Daryna |title=Timeline in Ukraine Probe Casts Doubt on Giuliani's Biden Claim |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-05-07/timeline-in-ukraine-probe-casts-doubt-on-giuliani-s-biden-claim |accessdate=26 September 2019 |work=Bloomberg |date=May 7, 2019 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Pada Maret 2016, Wakil Presiden Biden mengultimatum parlemen Ukraina bahwa jaminan pinjaman sebesar [[USD|$]]1 miliar akan ditangguhkan apabila Shokin tidak dipecat. Pada September 2019, tidak ada bukti bahwa Biden mencoba menutup-nutupi keterlibatan anaknya dengan Burisma. Akan tetapi, Trump, Giuliani, dan pendukungnya memanas-manasi keadaan.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/01/us/politics/biden-son-ukraine.html|title=Biden Faces Conflict of Interest Questions That Are Being Promoted by Trump and Allies|first1=Kenneth P.|last1=Vogel|first2=Iuliia|last2=Mendel|date=May 1, 2019|newspaper=New York Times}}</ref><ref name="auto6">{{cite web |url=https://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2019/may/07/viral-image/fact-checking-joe-biden-hunter-biden-and-ukraine/ |title=Fact-checking Joe Biden, Hunter Biden, and Ukraine |last=Louis Jacobson |date=May 7, 2019 |website=PolitiFact}}</ref> Shokin dipecat bulan itu juga.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/30/world/europe/political-stability-in-the-balance-as-ukraine-ousts-top-prosecutor.html|title=Ukraine Ousts Viktor Shokin, Top Prosecutor, and Political Stability Hangs in the Balance|first=Andrew E.|last=Kramer|date=March 29, 2016|newspaper=New York Times}}</ref> Penggantinya, [[Yuriy Lutsenko]], awalnya bersikap tegas terhadap Burisma. Namun, satu tahun kemudian, ia mengumumkan bahwa semua proses hukum dan kasus pidana Zlochevsky "ditutup rapat".<ref name = sorting/> Dalam penyelidikan terpisah oleh [[Britania Raya]] tahun 2014, pemerintah Britania membekukan rekening-rekening bank yang terhubung ke Zlochevsky;<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/07/08/will-hunter-biden-jeopardize-his-fathers-campaign|title=Will Hunter Biden Jeopardize His Father's Campaign?|last=Entous|first=Adam|date=2019-07-01|access-date=2019-09-25|language=en|issn=0028-792X}}</ref> namun, penyelidikan tersebut ditutup karena buktinya kurang. Pada Mei 2019, Lutsenko menyatakan tidak ada bukti penyalahgunaan wewenang oleh keluarga Biden. Ia tetap berencana menyampaikan informasi gaji dewan Burisma ke Jaksa Agung [[Bill Barr]] supaya pemerintah AS bisa membuktikan apakah Hunter Biden membayar pajak yang berlaku di Amerika Serikat.<ref name="auto7">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-05-16/ukraine-prosecutor-says-no-evidence-of-wrongdoing-by-bidens |title=Ukraine Prosecutor Says No Evidence of Wrongdoing by Bidens |authors=Daryna Krasnolutska, Kateryna Choursina, and Stephanie Baker |date=May 16, 2019 |publisher=[[Bloomberg News]] |access-date=23 September 2019}}</ref>
Setidaknya sejak Mei 2019, pengacara pribadi Trump, [[Rudy Giuliani]], mendesak [[Volodymyr Zelensky]], presiden baru terpilih Ukraina, untuk menyelidiki Burisma dan mengecek apakah ada keganjilan dalam penyelidikan [[Paul Manafort]] oleh pemerintah Ukraina. Menurutnya, penyelidikan ini akan sangat membantu kliennya, Trump, dan semua tindakannya didukung penuh oleh Trump.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/09/us/politics/giuliani-ukraine-trump.html?module=inline|title=Rudy Giuliani Plans Ukraine Trip to Push for Inquiries That Could Help Trump|last=Vogel|first=Kenneth P.|date=May 9, 2019|work=The New York Times|accessdate=20 September 2019}}</ref> Pada Mei 10, Giuliani tidak jadi ke Ukraina. Ia sebelumnya berencana meminta Zelensky menyelidiki Hunter Biden dan mendalami apakah anggota Partai Demokrat bersekongkol dengan warga negara Ukraina untuk merilis informasi tentang Manafort.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/11/us/politics/rudy-giuliani-ukraine.html|title=Rudy Giuliani Cancels His Trip to Ukraine, Blaming Democrats' 'Spin'|first=Kenneth P.|last=Vogel|date=May 11, 2019|newspaper=New York Times}}</ref><ref name="auto9">{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/how-trump-and-giuliani-pressured-ukraine-to-investigate-the-presidents-rivals/2019/09/20/0955801c-dbb6-11e9-a688-303693fb4b0b_story.html |title=How Trump and Giuliani pressured Ukraine to investigate the president's rivals |date=2019-09-20 |website=Washington Post}}</ref> Giuliani mengklaim ia punya penyataan tersumpah dari lima WN Ukraina bahwa mereka diundang ke Gedung Putih Obama pada Januari 2016 dan disuruh "mencari kelemahan Trump dan Manafort," tetapi ia sendiri tidak memberikan bukti atas klaimnya.<ref name="CNBC-eight-times">{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/09/20/trump-urged-ukraine-president-to-investigate-joe-bidens-son.html|title=Trump urged Ukraine president eight times during call to investigate Joe Biden's son, report says|first=Dan|last=Mangan|date=September 20, 2019|publisher=CNBC}}</ref> Giuliani menegaskan ia membatalkan perjalanannya karena ia "dijebak" oleh orang-orang Ukraina yang keberatan dengan tindakannya. Ia juga menyalahkan Demokrat karena berusaha "memelintir" kabar perjalanan ini. Giuliani bertemu sejumlah pejabat Ukraina untuk mendesak dibukanya investigasi pada Juni 2019 dan Agustus 2019.<ref name = repeatedly>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-defends-conversation-with-ukraine-leader-11568993176|title=Trump Repeatedly Pressed Ukraine President to Investigate Biden's Son|date=September 20, 2019|work=The Wall Street Journal|accessdate=21 September 2019}}</ref>
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