Serangan Rojava 2019: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Pada 6 Oktober 2019, pemerintah Amerika Serikat memerintahkan pasukan Amerika untuk menarik diri dari timur laut Suriah, tempat AS mendukung sekutu Kurdi mereka.<ref name="withdraw">{{Cite news|title=Trump makes way for Turkey operation against Kurds in Syria|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-49956698?intlink_from_url=https://www.bbc.com/news/topics/cp7r8vgl2y7t/kurds&link_location=live-reporting-story|access-date=10 October 2019|work=[[BBC News]]|date=7 October 2019}}</ref> Operasi militer dimulai pada 9 Oktober 2019 ketika [[Angkatan Udara Turki]] melancarkan serangan udara di kota-kota perbatasan, termasuk Ras al-Ayn.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/09/turkey-launches-military-operation-in-northern-syria-erdogan|title=Turkey launches military operation in northern Syria|last=Bethan McKernan|date=9 October 2019|website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref>
Menurut juru bicara Presiden Turki [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]], operasi itu dimaksudkan untuk "
== Latar Belakang ==
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Terlepas dari dimulainya patroli darat AS-Turki secara resmi, pembongkaran fortrifikasi SDF dan penarikan unit YPG dari bagian-bagian dari zona penyangga, ketegangan terus meningkat ketika Turki mengajukan lebih banyak tuntutan di SDF, yang semuanya ditolak oleh yang terakhir, yang menganggap dirinya telah menerima kompromi yang keras dengan mengizinkan pasukan Turki untuk mengambil bagian dalam patroli bersama dengan rekan-rekan Amerika mereka di Suriah Utara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ahvalnews.com/safe-zone/erdogan-cites-us-turkey-disagreement-over-safe-zone-joint-patrols-begin-syria|title=Erdoğan cites U.S.-Turkey disagreement over safe zone as joint patrols begin in Syria|website=Ahval|language=en|access-date=2019-10-09}}</ref> Ketidakpuasan Turki dengan [[status quo]] dari perjanjian tumbuh menjadi permusuhan terbuka, dengan presiden Turki secara terbuka mengajukan [[ultimatum]] terhadap SDF.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.trtworld.com/turkey/turkey-to-initiate-own-plans-if-safe-zone-deal-fails-29902|title=Turkey to initiate own plans if safe zone deal fails|last=|first=|date=18 September 2019|website=TRT World|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref> Ultimatum diabaikan dan Turki menyatakan "tenggat waktunya" telah berakhir pada awal Oktober tahun yang sama.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gulfnews.com/world/mena/turkeys-syria-safe-zone-deadline-expires-1.66821497|title=Turkey’s Syria ‘safe zone’ deadline expires|website=gulfnews.com|language=en|access-date=2019-10-09}}</ref>
== Persiapan serangan ==
Persiapan untuk serangan dimulai pada awal Oktober, dimulai dengan penarikan pasukan Amerika dari posisi dekat perbatasan Turki, setelah Presiden Turki [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] melakukan panggilan telepon dengan [[Presiden Amerika Serikat]] [[Donald Trump]] tentang rencana operasi militer terhadap wilayah yang dikuasai SDF timur sungai Efrat. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.militarytimes.com/news/your-military/2019/10/08/trump-on-pulling-us-troops-out-of-syria-were-not-a-police-force/|title=Trump on pulling US troops out of Syria: ‘We’re not a police force’|last=Simkins|first=J. D.|date=October 8, 2019|website=Military Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/08/us/politics/trump-erdogan-turkey-visit.html|title=In Trump, Turkey’s Erdogan Keeps Finding a Sympathetic Ear|last=Crowley|first=Michael|last2=Gall|first2=Carlotta|date=October 8, 2019}}</ref> Sementara pemerintah AS telah menyatakan tidak mendukung ofensif yang dipimpin Turki, Gedung Putih juga mengumumkan pada 6 Oktober 2019 bahwa itu tidak akan mengganggu, dan akan menarik semua personel AS di daerah itu untuk menghindari potensi. Kebuntuan AS-Turki, karenanya memberi Turki "lampu hijau" tidak resmi untuk memulai ofensif.<ref name="withdraw">{{Cite news|title=Trump makes way for Turkey operation against Kurds in Syria|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-49956698?intlink_from_url=https://www.bbc.com/news/topics/cp7r8vgl2y7t/kurds&link_location=live-reporting-story|access-date=10 October 2019|work=[[BBC News]]|date=7 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theintercept.com/2019/10/08/syria-kurds-trump-turkey/|title=Trump Turned His Back on Syrian Kurds. Here’s How They View Their New Precarious Position.|last=Gold|first=Danny|last2=Hussain|first2=Murtaza|date=October 8, 2019}}</ref> AS juga dilaporkan memotong bantuan ke SDF agar tidak mempersenjatai mereka terhadap sekutu NATO.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/09/world/middleeast/turkey-attacks-syria.html?action=click&module=Top%20Stories&pgtype=Homepage|title=Turkey Launches Offensive Against U.S.-Backed Syrian Militia|last=Hubbard|first=Ben|last2=Gall|first2=Carlotta|date=9 October 2019|website=The New York Times}}</ref>
Pada 8 Oktober 2019, militer Turki dilaporkan membom sebuah konvoi kendaraan senjata menuju [[Irak]] ke Suriah yang ditujukan untuk SDF. Namun SDF tidak membalas serangan itu, dan tidak ada korban yang dilaporkan sebagai akibat serangan udara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rt.com/news/470397-turkey-bombs-kurds-syria/|title=Turkey ‘launches airstrike’ against Kurds on Syria-Iraq border – reports|website=RT International}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5604267,00.html|title=Report: Turkish warplanes bombing Kurdish targets in northeast Syria|date=July 10, 2019|website=Ynetnews}}</ref> Pada hari yang sama [[Sily spetsial’nykh operatsii|pasukan khusus Rusia]] membuka persimpangan di sungai Efrat antara daerah-daerah yang dipegang oleh Pemerintah Suriah dan SDF di [[Kegubernuran Dayr az-Zawr|Kegubernuran Deir ez-Zor]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/russian-special-forces-open-new-euphrates-crossing-between-sdf-saa-lines-photos/|title=Russian Special Forces open new Euphrates crossing between SDF, SAA lines: photos|last=Desk|first=News|date=October 7, 2019|website=Al-Masdar News}}</ref> Sementara SDF mengklaim bahwa militer Suriah sedang bersiap untuk memasuki kota [[Manbij]] di timur laut [[Kegubernuran Aleppo|Aleppo]], pemerintah Suriah menanggapi dengan mengatakan pembangunan militer Suriah di dekat Manbij sedang dilakukan untuk mencegah militer Turki memasuki kota.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/kurdish-led-sdf-claim-syrian-army-is-preparing-to-capture-manbij/|title=Kurdish-led SDF claim Syrian Army is preparing to capture Manbij|last=Desk|first=News|date=October 8, 2019|website=Al-Masdar News}}</ref> Pada hari yang sama pasukan Turki menembaki Ras al-Ayn dan menembakkan senapan mesin di sekitar kota, tanpa informasi tentang korban.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=143172|title=The Turkish forces target the vicinity of Ras Al-Ayn area by shells and heavy machineguns, in conjunction with the arrival of new batches of factions loyal to Turkey to the latter's territory in the frame of the anticipated military operation • The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights|date=October 8, 2019}}</ref>
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=== Reaksi di Turki ===
Sehari sebelum operasi, semua partai oposisi Turki kecuali Partai Demokrat Rakyat (HDP) memilih untuk memperpanjang mandat militer di Suriah. Pemimpin partai oposisi [[Meral Akşener]] (
=== Reaksi di Suriah ===
* {{Flagdeco|Syria}}
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Syrian Democratic Forces.svg}} [[Pasukan Demokratik Suriah
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=== Reaksi internasional ===
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==== Negara anggota PBB ====
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* {{Flag|Iran}} – Foreign minister Mohammad Javad Zarif has voiced opposition to the offensive viewing it as a violation of Syria's sovereignty.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/iran-opposes-military-action-in-syria-zarif-tells-turkey/|title=Iran opposes military action in Syria, Zarif tells Turkey|website=www.timesofisrael.com}}</ref> However regarding the US withdrawal from Syria Zarif commented saying the US was an "irrelevant occupier in Syria", and said that Iran would be willing to mediate tensions between Syria and Turkey.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sputniknews.com/middleeast/201910071076980594-us-is-an-irrelevant-occupier-in-syria---irans-foreign-minister-zarif/|title=US is "Irrelevant Occupier in Syria" - Iran's Foreign Minister Zarif|website=sputniknews.com}}</ref> In addition, Iran's parliamentary speaker [[Ali Larijani]] cancelled his scheduled trip to Turkey.<ref name="aljazeera-All the latest updates">{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/turkey-syria-border-latest-updates-191008131745495.html|title=Turkey-Syria border: All the latest updates|website=aljazeera.com}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Russia}} – President [[Vladimir Putin]] called a meeting of the [[Dewan Keamanan Federasi Rusia|Security Council of Russia]] on 8 October to discuss the issue.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/61751|title=Meeting with Security Council permanent members|website=President of Russia}}</ref> He spoke to Erdoğan by phone the next day; Putin urged his Turkish partners to carefully consider the situation so as not to damage the overall efforts to resolve the Syrian crisis.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/61755|title=Telephone conversation with President of Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdogan|website=President of Russia}}</ref> The Russian government also stated that Turkey has a right to defend itself however called upon foreign militaries with what it described as an illegal presence in Syria to leave.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-security-turkey-explainer-idUSKBN1WO1UV|title=Explainer: Turkish operation may redraw map of Syrian war once again|date=9 October 2019}}</ref>
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