Ranjit Singh: Perbedaan antara revisi

|succession=1st [[Maharaja]] [[Kemaharajaan Sikh|Sikh]] Pertama}}

'''Maharaja Ranjit Singh''' (13 November 1780&nbsp;– 27 Juni 1839)<ref name=eos>{{cite web |url=http://www.learnpunjabi.org/eos/index.aspx |title=RANJIT SINGH (1780–1839) |last1=Kushwant Singh |website=Encyclopaedia of Sikhism |publisher=Punjabi University Patiala |accessdate=18 August 2015}}</ref><ref name=britranjit>[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ranjit-Singh-Sikh-maharaja Ranjit Singh] Encyclopædia Britannica, Khushwant Singh (2015)</ref> adalah Maharaja [[Kemaharajaan Sikh|Sikh]] yang berkuasa dari tahun 1801 hingga 1839. Sewaktu masih kecil, ia pernah terjangkit penyakit [[variola]], sehingga mata kirinya menjadi buta. Ia sudah mulai bertempur bersama dengan ayahnya saat masih berumur 10 tahun. Setelah ayahnya wafat, ia ikut serta dalam perang untuk mengusir pasukan Afgan. Ia kemudian dinyatakan sebagai "Maharaja Punjab" saat masih berumur 21 tahun.<ref name=eos/><ref name="Singh2008p9">{{cite book|author=Khushwant Singh|title=Ranjit Singh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D068dKeyGW4C |year=2008| publisher=Penguin Books |isbn=978-0-14-306543-2 |pages=9–14 }}</ref> Di bawah kepemimpinannya, ia berhasil memperluas wilayahnya di kawasan [[Punjab]].<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition 1911 Page 892">Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, (Edition: Volume V22, Date: 1910-1911), hlm. 892.</ref><ref name="Grewal6">{{cite book|last=Grewal|first=J. S.|title=The Sikh empire (1799–1849) |publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1990|series=The New Cambridge History of India|volume=The Sikhs of the Punjab|chapter=Chapter 6: The Sikh empire (1799–1849)|url=http://histories.cambridge.org/extract?id=chol9780521268844_CHOL9780521268844A008}}</ref>

Pada masa kepemimpinannya, ia melancarkan berbagai kebijakan reformasi dan modernisasi.<ref name=tejasingh65>{{cite book|author1=Teja Singh|author2=Sita Ram Kohli|title=Maharaja Ranjit Singh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YrG_aJTgnw0C |year=1986|publisher=Atlantic Publishers|pages=65–68}}</ref><ref name=kaushikroyp143>{{cite book|author=Kaushik Roy|title=War, Culture and Society in Early Modern South Asia, 1740–1849|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zp0FbTniNaYC&pg=PA147 |year=2011|publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-79087-4 |pages=143–144 }}</ref>
> [[Pasukan Khalsa Sikh|Pasukan Khalsa]] dan pemerintahannya mempekerjakan orang Sikh, Hindu, Muslim, dan Eropa.<ref>{{cite book|author=Kaushik Roy|title=War, Culture and Society in Early Modern South Asia, 1740–1849|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zp0FbTniNaYC&pg=PA147 |year=2011|publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-79087-4 |pages=143–147 }}</ref> Masa kekuasaannya juga meninggalkan banyak warisan budaya, termasuk pembangunan kembali [[Harmandir Sahib]] di [[Amritsar]] serta [[gurudwara]]-gurudwara lainnya, termasuk [[Takht Sri Patna Sahib]] di [[Bihar]] dan [[Hazur Sahib Nanded]] di [[Maharashtra]].<ref name=lafontp95>{{cite book|author=Jean Marie Lafont|title=Maharaja Ranjit Singh: Lord of the Five Rivers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zjduAAAAMAAJ |year=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-566111-8 |pages=95–96 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Kerry Brown|title=Sikh Art and Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ddgO-DldmSwC |year=2002|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-63136-0 |page=35}}</ref> He was popularly known as ''Sher-e-Punjab'', or "Lion of Punjab".