Sindrom metabolik: Perbedaan antara revisi
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'''Sindrom resistansi insulin''' ({{lang-en|metabolic syndrome X, syndrome X, insulin resistance syndrome, Reaven's syndrome, CHAOS, equine metabolic syndrome, IRS}}) adalam sindrom awal yang mengarah pada [[penyakit kardiovaskular]] dan [[diabetes mellitus]], yang disebabkan karena mutasi gen [[transporter asam lemak#FATP4|FATP4]] dan FATP1<ref>{{en}} {{cite web
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15767857
| title = Fatty acid transport proteins and insulin resistance.
| accessdate = 2010-05-07
| work = Atherosclerosis Research Unit, King Gustaf V Research Institute, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital; Fisher RM, Gertow K.
}}</ref> yang berperan dalam [[difusi]] NEFA ({{lang-en|non-esterified fatty acid}}) dan aktivitasnya sebagai [[ko-enzim]] [[acyl-coenzyme A synthase]] pada [[metabolisme asam lemak]].<ref>{{en}} {{cite web
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14715877
| title = Genetic and structural evaluation of fatty acid transport protein-4 in relation to markers of the insulin resistance syndrome.
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| work = Department of Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, King Gustaf V Research Institute; Gertow K, Bellanda M, Eriksson P, Boquist S, Hamsten A, Sunnerhagen M, Fisher RM.
}}</ref>. Kofaktor penyebab yang lain adalah:
* tertekannya ekspresi [[CD14]] yang mengatur rasio plasma [[liposakarida]] dan disfungsi endotelial (level sICAM-1).<ref>{{en}} {{cite web
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12679473
| title = CD14 monocyte receptor, involved in the inflammatory cascade, and insulin sensitivity.
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| work = Section of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital of Girona Dr. Josep Trueta; Fernández-Real JM, Broch M, Richart C, Vendrell J, López-Bermejo A, Ricart W.
}}</ref>
* tingginya rasio [[CCL2]], sebuah [[adipokina]] yang di[[sekresi]] pada pertumbuhan [[jaringan adiposa]] juga merupakan [[kemokina]] yang dapat menyulut [[radang]] akut berkepanjangan pada jaringan adiposa dan menginduksi resistansi jaringan terhadap insulin.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17495598
| title = Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and its role in insulin resistance.
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}}</ref>
Pendapat yang menyebutkan tingginya rasio plasma [[trigliserida|lemak darah]] sebagai faktor penyebab IRS, adalah keliru.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9400918
| title = Is an exaggerated postprandial triglyceride response associated with the component features of the insulin resistance syndrome?
| accessdate = 2010-05-06
| work = University Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke's Hospital; Byrne CD, Wareham NJ, Phillips DI, Hales CN, Martensz ND.
}}</ref> IRS lebih lanjut akan menginduksi [[hiperinsulinemia]], dan rasio insulin yang tinggi dalam sirkulasi darah akan menggeser keseimbangan rasio [[apolipoprotein]] dan komposisi [[lipoprotein]], yang kemudian akan menyebabkan penyakit kardiovaskular<ref>{{en}} {{cite web
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1547196
| title = Relation between insulinemia, body mass index, and lipoprotein composition in healthy, nondiabetic men and women.
| accessdate = 2010-05-06
| work = Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Newcastle; Winocour PH, Kaluvya S, Ramaiya K, Brown L, Millar JP, Farrer M, Neil HA, Laker MF, Alberti KG.
}}</ref> dan tekanan darah tinggi.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16054001
| title = Beta2-adrenoceptor polymorphisms relate to insulin resistance and sympathetic overactivity as early markers of metabolic disease in nonobese, normotensive individuals.
| accessdate = 2010-05-06
| work = Human Neurotransmitter Laboratory, Baker Heart Research Institute; Masuo K, Katsuya T, Fu Y, Rakugi H, Ogihara T, Tuck ML.
}}</ref> Pada IRS ditemukan penurunan laju [[reaksi oksidasi]] dan peningkatan laju [[reaksi esterifikasi]] pada hati.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web
| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18504545
| title = Adipose tissue fatty acid metabolism in insulin-resistant men.
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