Opportunity: Perbedaan antara revisi
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'''MER-B''' ('''Mars Exploration Rover - B'''), juga disebut '''''Opportunity''''', adalah misi eksplorasi [[Mars]] [[NASA]] dengan [[rover]]. MER-B berhasil mendarat di [[Meridiani Planum]] pada tanggal [[25 Januari]] [[2004]] pukul 05:05 [[Ground UTC]] (''circa'' 13:15 waktu setempat), tiga minggu setelah kembarannya, ''[[Spirit (wahana penjelajah)|Spirit]]'' (MER-A) mendarat di sisi lain planet.{{Infobox spaceflight
| name = ''Opportunity''
| image = NASA Mars Rover.jpg
| image_caption =
| insignia =
| insignia_caption = The launch patch for ''Opportunity'', featuring [[Duck Dodgers]] ([[Daffy Duck]])
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<!----'''''Opportunity''''', also known as '''MER-B''' ('''Mars Exploration Rover – B''') or '''MER-1''', and nicknamed "'''Oppy'''",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/opportunity-memories/#group-2|title=Opportunity Memories {{!}} NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory|website=www.jpl.nasa.gov|access-date=February 14, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/opportunity-memories/#group-34|title=Opportunity Memories {{!}} NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory|website=www.jpl.nasa.gov|access-date=February 14, 2019}}</ref> is a [[Robotics|robotic]] [[rover (space exploration)|rover]] that was active on [[Mars]] from 2004 to late 2018.<ref name="NASA-Opportunity" /> Launched on July 7, 2003, as part of [[NASA]]'s [[Mars Exploration Rover]] program, it landed in [[Meridiani Planum]] on January 25, 2004, three weeks after its twin ''[[Spirit (rover)|Spirit]]'' (MER-A) touched down on the other side of the planet.<ref name="january"/> With a planned 90-[[Sol (day on Mars)|sol]] duration of activity (slightly more than 90 Earth days), ''Spirit'' functioned until it got stuck in 2009 and ceased communications in 2010, while ''Opportunity'' was able to stay operational for {{age in sols|2004|01|25|2018|06|11}} sols after landing, maintaining its power and key systems through continual recharging of its batteries using [[solar power]], and hibernating during events such as dust storms to save power. This careful operation allowed ''Opportunity'' to exceed its operating plan by {{Age in years and days|2004|04|26|2018|06|11}} (in Earth time), 55 times its designed lifespan. By June 10, 2018, when it last contacted NASA,<ref name="Malik2018">{{cite web |url= https://www.space.com/40888-mars-dust-storm-2018-and-opportunity-rover-images.html| title= Mars Dust Storm 2018: How It Grew & What It Means for the Opportunity Rover|last= Malik|first= T.|date=June 21, 2018|website= space.com|publisher= Future.plc|access-date=February 14, 2019}}</ref><ref name="Rayl2018-08">{{cite web |url= http://www.planetary.org/explore/space-topics/space-missions/mer-updates/2018/08-mer-update-opportunity-sleeps.html| title= The Mars Exploration Rovers Update: Dust Storm Wanes, Opportunity Sleeps, Team Prepares Recovery Strategy|last= Rayl|first= A.J.S.|date=August 1, 2018|website= planetary.org|publisher= [[Planetary Society]]|access-date=February 14, 2019}}</ref> the rover had traveled a distance of {{convert|45.16|km|abbr=off|sp=us}}.<ref name="mer-status" />
Mission highlights included the initial 90-sol mission, finding extramartian [[meteorite]]s such as [[Heat Shield Rock]] (Meridiani Planum meteorite), and over two years of exploring and studying [[Victoria crater]]. The rover survived moderate dust storms and in 2011 reached [[Endeavour crater]], which has been described as a "second landing site".<ref name=wustl/> The ''Opportunity'' mission is considered one of NASA's most successful ventures.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-47231247 | title = Nasa calls time on silent Opportunity Mars rover | first = Jonathan | last = Amos | date = February 13, 2019 | access-date = February 14, 2019 | work = BBC }}</ref>
Due to the [[Opportunity mission timeline#Dust storm|planetary 2018 dust storm]] on Mars, ''Opportunity'' ceased communications on June 10 and entered [[Safe mode (spacecraft)|hibernation]] on June 12, 2018. It was hoped it would reboot once the weather cleared,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/opportunity-emerges-in-a-dusty-picture|title=Opportunity Emerges in a Dusty Picture|last=Greicius|first=Tony|date=September 24, 2018|work=NASA|access-date=November 30, 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015130226/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/opportunity-emerges-in-a-dusty-picture/|archive-date=October 15, 2018|dead-url=no}}</ref> but it did not, suggesting either a catastrophic failure or that a layer of dust had covered its solar panels. NASA hoped to re-establish contact with the rover, citing a windy period that could potentially clean off its solar panels.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/update-on-opportunity-rover-recovery-efforts|title=Update on Opportunity Rover Recovery Efforts|last=Greicius|first=Tony|date=August 30, 2018|work=NASA|access-date=November 30, 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103171532/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/update-on-opportunity-rover-recovery-efforts/|archive-date=November 3, 2018|dead-url=no}}</ref> On February 13, 2019, NASA officials declared that the ''Opportunity'' mission was complete, after the spacecraft had failed to respond to over 1,000 signals sent since August 2018.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |title= NASA's Opportunity Rover Mission on Mars Comes to End |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/news/8413/nasas-opportunity-rover-mission-on-mars-comes-to-end/ |date=February 13, 2019 |work=NASA |access-date=February 13, 2019 }}</ref>----->
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