Parasite: Perbedaan antara revisi
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| language = [[bahasa Korea|Korea]]
| budget = {{KRW|13,5 miliar}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hankyung.com/entertainment/article/2019060326461|date=3 June 2019|script-title=ko:영화 '기생충' 흥행 질주…손익분기점 400만명 눈앞}}</ref><br />{{nowrap|(~$11 juta)}}
| gross = $
}}
'''''Parasite''''' ({{ko-hhrm|기생충||Gisaengchung}}) adalah sebuah film [[komedi gelap]] Korea Selatan tahun 2019 garapan [[Bong Joon-ho]]. Film tersebut dibintangi oleh [[Song Kang-ho]], [[Lee Sun-kyun]], [[Cho Yeo-jeong]], [[Choi Woo-shik]] dan [[Park So-dam]]. Film ini memenangi [[Palme d'Or]] di [[Festival Film Cannes 2019]] dan menjadi film Korea pertama yang mendapatkan penghargaan ini.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/live/2019/may/25/cannes-film-festival-2019-palme-dor-winner-announced-live |title=Cannes 2019: Bong Joon-ho's Parasite wins the Palme d'Or – live |first=Gwilym |last=Mumford |work=The Guardian |accessdate=25 May 2019}}</ref>
Baris 51:
== Produksi ==
=== Pengembangan ===
[[Berkas:Bong Joon-ho Deauville 2013.jpg|
[[Pengambilan gambar utama]] dimulai pada tanggal 18 Mei 2018.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kil |first1=Sonia |title=Bong Joon-ho’s ‘Parasite’ Starts Shooting (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2018/film/asia/bong-joon-ho-parasite-shooting-1202825038/ |website=Variety |accessdate=3 February 2019 |language=en |date=30 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=BONG Joon-ho’s PARASITE Enters Production |url=https://www.koreanfilm.or.kr/eng/news/news.jsp?pageIndex=2&blbdComCd=601006&seq=4849&mode=VIEW |website=Korean Film Biz Zone |accessdate=3 February 2019 |language=en}}</ref> [[Pengambilan gambar utama]] berlangsung selama 77 hari hingga 19 September 2018.<ref name="release">{{cite web |title=BONG Joon-ho’s PARASITE Wraps Production |url=https://www.koreanfilm.or.kr/eng/news/news.jsp?pageIndex=1&blbdComCd=601006&seq=5001&mode=VIEW |website=Korean Film Biz Zone |accessdate=3 February 2019 |language=en}}</ref> Judul film ini awalnya adalah ''Décalcomanie'', yang menurut Bong dalam wawancaranya terilhami dari konsep seni rupa ''decalcomania''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Brzeski|first=Patrick|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/bong-joon-ho-talks-making-parasite-1210781|title=Bong Joon-ho on Making First Full Korean Film in 10 Years With 'Parasite'|website=The Hollywood Reporter|date=15 Mei 2019|accessdate=16 November 2019}}</ref>▼
The idea for ''Parasite'' originated in 2013. While working on ''[[Snowpiercer]]'', Bong was encouraged by a theater actor friend to write a play. He had been a tutor for the son of a wealthy family in Seoul in his early 20s, and considered turning his experience into a stage production.<ref name ="THRBrzeski">{{cite news |url = https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/making-parasite-how-bong-joon-hos-real-life-inspired-a-plot-twisty-tale-rich-poor-1252015 |title = Making of 'Parasite': How Bong Joon Ho's Real Life Inspired a Plot-Twisty Tale of Rich vs. Poor |website = [[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date = November 8, 2019 |accessdate = January 18, 2020 |last = Brzeski |first = Patrick |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200113115829/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/making-parasite-how-bong-joon-hos-real-life-inspired-a-plot-twisty-tale-rich-poor-1252015 |archive-date = 13 January 2020 |url-status = live }}</ref> After completing ''Snowpiercer'', Bong wrote a 15-page [[film treatment]] for the first half of ''Parasite'', which his production assistant on ''Snowpiercer'', Han Jin-won, turned into three different drafts of the screenplay.<ref name ="THRBrzeski"/> After finishing ''[[Okja]]'', Bong returned to the project and finished the script; Han received credit as a co-writer.<ref name ="THRBrzeski"/>
The incident of [[Christine and Léa Papin]]—two live-in maids who murdered their employers in 1930s France—also served as a source of inspiration to Bong.<ref name=JungEA>{{cite web|author=Jung, E. Alex|url=https://www.vulture.com/2020/01/parasite-ending-explained-by-bong-joon-ho.html|title=Bong Joon Ho on Why He Wanted ''Parasite'' to End With a 'Surefire Kill'|work=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]]|date=2020-01-14|accessdate=2020-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115024246/https://www.vulture.com/2020/01/parasite-ending-explained-by-bong-joon-ho.html|archive-date=15 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
Darcy Paquet, an American residing in Korea, served as the translator for the English subtitles and worked directly with Bong.<ref name=Hanweaving>{{cite web|author=Han, Karen|url=https://www.polygon.com/2019/10/14/20906430/parasite-bong-joon-ho-interview-rock-peach-spoilers|title=Bong Joon-ho on weaving his personal memories into Parasite|work=[[Polygon (magazine)|Polygon]]|date=2019-10-14|accessdate=2020-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226230904/https://www.polygon.com/2019/10/14/20906430/parasite-bong-joon-ho-interview-rock-peach-spoilers|archive-date=26 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Paquet rendered Jjapaguri or Chapaguri (짜파구리), a dish cooked by a character in the film, as "ram-don", meaning [[ramen]]-[[udon]]. It is a mix of [[Chapagetti]] and [[Neoguri (instant noodle)|Neoguri]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Rochlin, Margy|url=https://www.latimes.com/food/story/2019-10-19/parasite-ramdon-bong-joon-ho-ramen-udon-jjapaguri|title=How steak and 'ramdon' illustrate class tensions in Bong Joon Ho's 'Parasite'|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=2019-10-19|accessdate=2020-01-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115132532/https://www.latimes.com/food/story/2019-10-19/parasite-ramdon-bong-joon-ho-ramen-udon-jjapaguri|archive-date=15 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The English version of the film shows packages labeled in English "[[ramyeon]]" and "udon" to highlight to English speakers how the name was created. Paquet believes that the word "Ram-don" did not previously exist as he found no results when he [[Googled]] the term as a test.<ref name=LeeHanaParasub>{{cite web|author=Lee, Hana|url=http://m.korea.net/english/NewsFocus/People/view?articleId=171974&page=1|title='Parasite' subtitle translator: Comedies are a fun challenge|work=[[Korea.net]]|date=2019-06-19|accessdate=2020-02-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200208155256/http://m.korea.net/english/NewsFocus/People/view?articleId=171974&page=1|archive-date=8 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Paquet had the subtitles, on one occasion, use [[Oxford University]] as a reference instead of [[Seoul National University]], and in another, use [[WhatsApp]] be the messaging application instead of [[KakaoTalk]].<ref name=Hanweaving/> Paquet chose Oxford instead of [[Harvard University]] due to Bong's affinity for the United Kingdom and because Paquet believed using Harvard would be "too obvious a choice".<ref name=LeeHanaParasub/> Paquet wrote that "in order for humor to work, people need to understand it immediately. With an unfamiliar word, the humor is lost."<ref name=LeeHanaParasub/>
The film's title "Parasite" was selected by Bong as it served a double meaning, which he had to convince the film's marketing group to use. Bong said "Because the story is about the poor family infiltrating and creeping into the rich house, it seems very obvious that ''Parasite'' refers to the poor family, and I think that's why the marketing team was a little hesitant. But if you look at it the other way, you can say that rich family, they're also parasites in terms of labor. They can't even wash dishes, they can't drive themselves, so they leech off the poor family's labor. So both are parasites."<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.ign.com/articles/parasite-bong-joon-ho-reveals-the-meaning-behind-the-title-of-the-oscar-nominated-film | title = Parasite: Bong Joon-ho Reveals the Meaning Behind the Title of the Oscar-Nominated Film | first = Adele | last = Ankers | date = January 31, 2020 | accessdate = January 31, 2020 | work = [[IGN]] | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200131150546/https://www.ign.com/articles/parasite-bong-joon-ho-reveals-the-meaning-behind-the-title-of-the-oscar-nominated-film | archive-date = 31 January 2020 | url-status = live }}</ref>
=== Pengambilan gambar ===
▲[[Pengambilan gambar utama]] dimulai pada tanggal 18 Mei 2018.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kil |first1=Sonia |title=Bong Joon-ho’s ‘Parasite’ Starts Shooting (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2018/film/asia/bong-joon-ho-parasite-shooting-1202825038/ |website=Variety |accessdate=3 February 2019 |language=en |date=30 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=BONG Joon-ho’s PARASITE Enters Production |url=https://www.koreanfilm.or.kr/eng/news/news.jsp?pageIndex=2&blbdComCd=601006&seq=4849&mode=VIEW |website=Korean Film Biz Zone |accessdate=3 February 2019 |language=en}}</ref> [[Pengambilan gambar utama]] berlangsung selama 77 hari hingga 19 September 2018.<ref name="release">{{cite web |title=BONG Joon-ho’s PARASITE Wraps Production |url=https://www.koreanfilm.or.kr/eng/news/news.jsp?pageIndex=1&blbdComCd=601006&seq=5001&mode=VIEW |website=Korean Film Biz Zone |accessdate=3 February 2019 |language=en}}</ref> Tempat pengambilan gambar di [[Jeonju]] dan sekitar [[Seoul]].<ref>{{cite news |url = https://www.screendaily.com/features/bong-joon-ho-talks-parasite-it-deals-with-polarisation/5139556.article |title = Bong Joon Ho talks 'Parasite': "It deals with polarisation" |website = [[Screen International|Screen Daily]] |date = June 30, 2019 |accessdate = January 18, 2020 |last = Noh |first = Jean |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190727005536/https://www.screendaily.com/features/bong-joon-ho-talks-parasite-it-deals-with-polarisation/5139556.article |archive-date = 27 July 2019 |url-status = live }}</ref> Judul film ini awalnya adalah ''Décalcomanie'', yang menurut Bong dalam wawancaranya terilhami dari konsep seni rupa ''[[decalcomania]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Brzeski|first=Patrick|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/bong-joon-ho-talks-making-parasite-1210781|title=Bong Joon-ho on Making First Full Korean Film in 10 Years With 'Parasite'|website=The Hollywood Reporter|date=15 Mei 2019|accessdate=16 November 2019}}</ref>
Rumah keluarga Park yang dikatakan di film ini dirancang arsitek fiksi bernama Namgoong Hyeonja, was an entirely newly-built set.<ref name="Nast">{{cite web |last=Nast |first=Condé |title=Inside the House From Bong Joon Ho's ''Parasite'' |website=Architectural Digest |url=https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/bong-joon-ho-parasite-movie-set-design-interview |access-date=2019-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106032043/https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/bong-joon-ho-parasite-movie-set-design-interview |archive-date=6 November 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Production designer Lee Ha-jun said the sun was an important factor with building the outdoor set. "The sun's direction was a crucial point of consideration while we were searching for outdoor lots," explained Lee. "We had to remember the sun's position during our desired time frame and determine the positions and sizes of the windows accordingly. In terms of practical lighting, the DP [director of photography Hong Kyung-pyo] had specific requests regarding the color. He wanted sophisticated indirect lighting and the warmth from [[Incandescent light bulb|tungsten light sources]]. Before building the set, the DP and I visited the lot several times to check the sun's movement at each time, and we decided on the set's location together."<ref name="IndieWire 2019">{{cite web |title=How Bong Joon Ho Designed the House in ''Parasite'' |website=IndieWire |date=2019-10-29 |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2019/10/parasite-house-set-design-bong-joon-ho-1202185829/ |access-date=2019-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191104232715/https://www.indiewire.com/2019/10/parasite-house-set-design-bong-joon-ho-1202185829/ |archive-date=4 November 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
"Since Mr. Park's house is built by an architect in the story, it wasn't easy finding the right approach to designing the house," he added. "I'm not an architect, and I think there's a difference in how an architect envisions a space and how a production designer does. We prioritize blocking and camera angles while architects build spaces for people to actually live in and thus design around people. So I think the approach is very different."<ref name="IndieWire 2019"/>
According to editor Jinmo Yang, Bong Joon-Ho chose to shoot the film without traditional [[Camera coverage|coverage]]. To give them more editing options with limited shots, they sometimes stitched together different takes of the same shot.<ref>{{cite web |last=Buder |first=Emily |title='Parasite' Editor Jinmo Yang Teaches Us How to Edit Without Coverage |url=https://nofilmschool.com/parasite-editor-interview |website=No Film School |date=6 December 2019 |accessdate=17 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200118035230/https://nofilmschool.com/parasite-editor-interview |archive-date=18 January 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
== Tema ==
[[Berkas:Moon Jae-in 2017-10-01.jpg|ka|jmpl|150px|Salah satu ulasan menyebut film ini mengkritik Presiden Korea Selatan Moon Jae-in]]
[[Berkas:Dokdo 20080628-panorama.jpg|ka|jmpl|
Tema utama ''Parasite'' adalah [[perjuangan kelas]] dan [[kesenjangan sosial]].<ref name="classconflict">{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2019/11/05/776388423/the-hit-movie-parasite-puts-basement-structures-in-structural-inequality|title=The Hit Movie 'Parasite' Puts Basement Structures In Structural Inequality|date=November 5, 2019|accessdate=February 3, 2020|last=Ulaby|first=Neda|publisher=[[NPR]]}}</ref><ref name="hustlers">{{cite web|url=https://ew.com/movies/2019/10/15/parasite-2019-cinematic-class-conflict/|accessdate=February 3, 2020|last=Holub|first=Christian|date=October 15, 2019|work=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|title=From Parasite to Hustlers: How 2019 became the year of cinematic class conflict}}</ref> Pengkritik film termasuk Joon-ho sendiri menganggap film ini sebagai cerminan [[kapitalisme]] zaman modern<ref name="Bean">{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/travisbean/2020/01/30/capitalism-gone-wild-the-ending-of-parasite-explained/#2a97c8df6dbd|title=Capitalism Gone Wild: The Ending Of ‘Parasite’ Explained|last=Bean|first=Travis|date=January 30, 2020|accessdate=February 3, 2020|work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref><ref name="capitalismGQ">{{cite web|url=https://www.gq.com/story/parasite-director-bong-joon-ho-interview|title=Parasite Director Bong Joon-ho on the Art of Class Warfare|date=October 8, 2019|accessdate=February 3, 2020|last=Paiella|first=Gabriella|work=[[GQ]]}}</ref> dan beberapa pengkritik lainnya mengaitkan dengan istilah "[[Neraka Joseon]]" yang terutama populer di kalangan orang muda pada akhir 2010-an untuk menggambarkan kesulitan hidup di Korea Selatan.<ref>{{cite web|first1=Minsoo|last1=Kim|accessdate=2020-02-07|title=Why “Parasite” Is Bong Joon-ho’s Biggest Hit and Darkest Film Yet|url=https://www.cinemaescapist.com/2019/10/parasite-korean-movie-review/|date=11 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|accessdate=2020-02-07|title=Opinion: For South Korean youth, Parasite burrows close to home|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-for-south-korean-youth-parasite-burrows-close-to-home/|via=The Globe and Mail}}</ref> Film ini juga menyinggung
Film ini juga menyinggung [[perselisihan Jepang-Korea]] lewat sebuah lagu yang dikatakan sebagai "Jessica single". Lagu itu diketahui memiliki nada yang sama dengan lagu anak-anak yang terkenal di negara asal "Dokdo is Our Land" (''Dokdoneun uriddang'', 독도는 우리땅) yang menyinggung [[sengketa Karang Liancourt]] manakala lagu itu sendiri mendukung klaim Korea Selatan atas Karang Liancourt.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sim|first=Yeong-ju|url=https://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2019/06/18/2019061801844.html|title='기생충' 속 기남매가 부른 노래는 '독도는 우리 땅'|trans-title=Lagu yang dinyanyikan oleh adik dan kakak di Parasite adalah Dokdo is Our Land|language=Korea|website=Chosun|date=18 Juni 2019|accessdate=1 Januari 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20191118000515|title=Doorbell song from 'Parasite' hits internet|website=Korea Herald|date=18 November 2019|accessdate=18 November 2019}}</ref>▼
▲Staircases are used as a motif in the film to represent the positions of the Kim and Park families as well as those of Moon-gwang.<ref>{{cite web|author=Rao, Sonia|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2019/10/24/unpacking-metaphorical-ending-parasite/?outputType=amp|title=Unpacking the ‘metaphorical’ ending of ‘Parasite’|work=[[Washington Post]]|date=2019-10-24|accessdate=2020-01-23}}</ref> The semi-basement apartment that the Parks live in are common for poorer Seoul residents, despite having several issues such as increased mold and risk of disease, due to their low rent prices.<ref name="classconflict"/> [[East Asian Monsoon|Monsoon]] floods such as the one depicted in the film commonly damage these types of residences the most.<ref name="WBFO"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Wildan|first=Muhammad|url=https://www.kincir.com/movie/cinema/kritik-sosial-film-parasite-kenyataan|title=5 Kritik Sosial di Film Parasite yang Nyata di Korea Selatan |website=Kincir|date=12 Juli 2019|accessdate=12 Juli 2019}}</ref>
According to Bong, the ending implies that Ki-woo will not be able to earn the funds needed to buy the house as it shows Ki-woo still in the basement; he described this shot as a "surefire kill" (확인사살), referring to a ''[[coup de grâce]]'' to ensure death.<ref name=JungEA/> The ending song refers to Ki-woo working to get money to make the house; Choi Woo-shik stated that "It would take hundreds of years for Ki-woo to actually save up the money in order to buy that house" but that "I'm pretty sure Ki-woo is one of those bright kids. He'll come up with some idea, and he would just go into the German family's house, and I think he will rescue his father."<ref name=HarrisChoiInt>{{cite web|author=Harris, Hunter|url=https://www.vulture.com/2019/10/parasite-movie-choi-woo-shik-bong-joon-ho-ending.html|title=''Parasite'''s Choi Woo-shik Is Optimistic About the Movie's Overwhelming Ending|work=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]]|date=2019-10-16|accessdate=2020-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209182409/https://www.vulture.com/2019/10/parasite-movie-choi-woo-shik-bong-joon-ho-ending.html|archive-date=9 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
▲Film ini juga menyinggung [[perselisihan Jepang-Korea]] lewat sebuah lagu yang dikatakan sebagai "Jessica single". Lagu itu diketahui memiliki nada yang sama dengan lagu anak-anak yang terkenal di negara asal "Dokdo is Our Land" yang menyinggung [[sengketa Karang Liancourt]] manakala lagu itu sendiri mendukung klaim Korea Selatan atas Karang Liancourt.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20191118000515|title=Doorbell song from 'Parasite' hits internet|website=Korea Herald|date=18 November 2019|accessdate=18 November 2019}}</ref>
== Penayangan ==
Baris 73 ⟶ 91:
== Penerimaan ==
=== Pencapaian dan sambutan ===
''Parasite'' menjadi film Korea Selatan terlaris kedua tahun 2019 setelah ''[[Extreme Job]]'' dan terlaris kelima secara keseluruhan setelah ''Extreme Job'', ''[[Avengers: Endgame]]'', ''[[Frozen II]]'', dan ''[[Aladdin (film 2019)|Aladdin]]'', dengan perolehan 10.085.275 penonton dan pendapatan kotor sebesar $72,22 juta di Korea.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.koreanfilm.or.kr/eng/news/boxOffice_Yearly.jsp?mode=BOXOFFICE_YEAR&selectDt=2019&category=ALL&country=ALL|title=Yearly|website=Korean Film Council|accessdate=1 Januari 2020}}</ref> Di seluruh dunia, film ini mengantongi pendapatan kotor sebesar $163,3 juta. Film ini mendapat sambutan yang sangat baik di Amerika Serikat dengan pendapatan kotor sebesar $33,2 juta dan Jepang dengan pendapatan kotor sebesar $8,9 juta.<ref name="BOM"/><ref name="NUM"/>
Baris 156 ⟶ 174:
|$32,24 juta
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.koreanfilm.or.kr/eng/news/boxOffice_Daily.jsp?mode=BOXOFFICE_DAILY&startYMD=20190605&endYMD=20190605&searchFrom=Jun-05-2019&searchTo=Jun-05-2019&category=ALL&country=ALL|title=Daily [5 June 2019]|website=Korean Film Council|date=5 Juni 2019|accessdate=1 Januari 2020}}</ref>
|-
|Hari kedelapan (hingga 6 Juni)
|5.355.104
|1.573
|1
|$38,47 juta
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.koreanfilm.or.kr/eng/news/boxOffice_Daily.jsp?mode=BOXOFFICE_DAILY&startYMD=20190606&endYMD=20190606&searchFrom=Jun-06-2019&searchTo=Jun-06-2019&category=ALL&country=ALL|title=Daily [6 June 2019]|website=Korean Film Council|date=6 Juni 2019|accessdate=1 Januari 2020}}</ref>
|-
|Hari kesembilan (hingga 7 Juni)
|5,874,755
|1,560
|1
|$42,28 juta
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.koreanfilm.or.kr/eng/news/boxOffice_Daily.jsp?mode=BOXOFFICE_DAILY&startYMD=20190606&endYMD=20190606&searchFrom=Jun-07-2019&searchTo=Jun-07-2019&category=ALL&country=ALL|title=Daily [7 June 2019]|website=Korean Film Council|date=6 Juni 2019|accessdate=1 Januari 2020}}</ref>
|-
|Hari kesembilan (hingga 8 Juni)
|6,512,196
|1,560
|1
|$47,018,601
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.koreanfilm.or.kr/eng/news/boxOffice_Daily.jsp?mode=BOXOFFICE_DAILY&startYMD=20190606&endYMD=20190606&searchFrom=Jun-08-2019&searchTo=Jun-08-2019&category=ALL&country=ALL|title=Daily [8 June 2019]|website=Korean Film Council|date=6 Juni 2019|accessdate=1 Januari 2020}}</ref>
|-
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