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* Minahan, James (2002). Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: S-Z. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 1765. ISBN 978-0-313-32384-3 "Approximately (2002e) 18,500,000 Southern Azeris in Iran, concentrated in the northwestern provinces of East and West Azerbaijan. It is difficult to determine the exact number of Southern Azeris in Iran, as official statistics are not published detailing Iran's ethnic structure. Estimates of the Southern Azeri population range from as low as 12 million up to 40% of the population of Iran – that is, nearly 27 million..."</ref><ref>Rasmus Christian Elling, Minorities in Iran: Nationalism and Ethnicity after Khomeini, Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. Excerpt: "The number of Azeris in Iran is heavily disputed. In 2005, Amanolahi estimated all Turkic-speaking communities in Iran to number no more than 9 million. CIA and Library of congress estimates range from 16 percent to 24 percent – that is, 12–18 million people if we employ the latest total figure for Iran's population (77.8 million). Azeri ethnicsts, on the other hand, argue that overall number is much higher, even as much as 50 percent or more of the total population. Such inflated estimates may have influenced some Western scholars who suggest that up to 30 percent (that is, some 23 million today) Iranians are Azeris." [https://books.google.com/books?id=rWEbrv5oD8AC&pg=PT33&dq=argue+that+overall+number+is+much+higher,+even+as+much+as+50+percent+azeri&hl=en&sa=X&ei=WVJrUcnJE62g4AO5n4HADw&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA]</ref><ref name="Criticism">Ali Gheissari. ''Contemporary Iran: Economy, Society – Politics: Economy, Society, Politics''. Page 300. "Azeri ethnonationalist activist, however, claim that number to be 24 million, hence as high as 35 percent of the Iranian population." Oxford University Press. 2 April 2009.</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.terrorfreetomorrow.org/upimagestft/TFT%20Iran%20Survey%20Report%200609.pdf |title=Iran |publisher=[[New America Foundation]] |date=June 12, 2009 |accessdate=31 August 2013}}</ref> Dalam kasus apapun, populasi terbesar dari bangsa Azerbaijan di dunia hidup di Iran.
== Demografi ==
{{utama|Demografi Iran}}
=== Agama ===
{{Pie chart
{{main|Agama di Iran|Ketidakberagamaan di Iran}}
|thumb = right
{{see also|Islamisasi Iran}}
|caption = Agama di Iran (2020)<ref name="ipsos2017">{{cite web|url=https://www.ipsosglobaltrends.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Slide13-6.jpg|title=Religion, Ipsos Global Trends|date=2019|publisher=[[Ipsos]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905105138/https://www.ipsosglobaltrends.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Slide13-6.jpg|archive-date=5 September 2019}}</ref>
Secara historis, [[Agama Proto-Indo-Iran|agama Proto-Iran]] dan [[Zoroastrianisme]] dan [[Manichaeisme]] berikutnya adalah agama yang dominan di Iran, khususnya selama kekaisaran [[Medes|Median]], [[Kekaisaran Achaemenid|Achaemenid]], [[Kekaisaran Parthia|Parthia]] dan [[Kekaisaran Sassania|Sassania]]. Ini berubah setelah jatuhnya Kekaisaran Sassania oleh [[penaklukan Islam dari Persia|penaklukan Islam dari Iran]]. Iran adalah Sunni sampai konversi negara (serta orang-orang dari apa yang sekarang negara tetangga Republik Azerbaijan) ke Islam Syiah dengan pemerintahan [[dinasti Safawiyah]] pada abad ke-16.<ref name="Abdullah2014"/>
|label1 = [[Kekristenan]]
|value1 = 50
Hari ini, Islam Syiah [[Dua Belas Imam]] adalah [[agama negara|agama resmi negara]], yang dipeluk sekitar 90% sampai 95%<ref>{{cite book|author=Walter Martin|title=Kingdom of the Cults, The|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yra4KhlMBYQC&pg=PA421|accessdate=24 June 2013|quote=Ninety-five percent of Iran's Muslims are Shi'ites.|date=1 October 2003|publisher=Baker Books|isbn=978-0-7642-2821-6|page=421}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Bhabani Sen Gupta|title=The Persian Gulf and South Asia: prospects and problems of inter-regional cooperation|quote=Shias constitute seventy-five percent of the population of the Gulf. Of this, ninety-five percent of Iranians and sixty of Iraqis are Shias.|year=1987|publisher=South Asian Publishers|isbn=978-81-7003-077-5|page=158}}</ref> penduduk. Sekitar 4% sampai 8% dari populasi adalah [[Muslim Sunni]], terutama [[Kurdistan Iran|Kurdi]] dan Baloch. Sisanya 2% adalah [[Agama minoritas di Iran|agama minoritas]] non-Muslim, termasuk [[Kekristenan di Iran|Kristen]], [[Yahudi Persia|Yahudi]], [[Baha'i]], [[Mandean]], [[Yezidi]], [[Yarsani]], dan [[Zoroaster]].<ref name="CIA" /><ref name="saving">{{cite web|last=Contrera |first=Russell |url=http://www.hollandsentinel.com/lifestyle/x1558731033/Saving-the-people-killing-the-faith |title=Saving the people, killing the faith |location=Holland, MI |work=The Holland Sentinel |date= |accessdate=2015-03-07 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306012853/http://www.hollandsentinel.com/lifestyle/x1558731033/Saving-the-people-killing-the-faith |archivedate=6 March 2012 }}</ref>
|color1 = DodgerBlue
|label2 = [[Islam]]
Yudaisme memiliki sejarah panjang di Iran, kembali ke [[Nabonidus#Penaklukan Persia dari Babilonia|Penaklukan Achaemenid dari Babilonia]]. Meskipun banyak yang meninggalkan Iran pada pembentukan Negara Israel dan Revolusi 1979, sekitar 8.756 orang Yahudi tetap di Iran, menurut sensus terakhir.<ref name=IranCensusMurder>{{cite web|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/jewish-woman-brutally-murdered-in-iran-over-property-dispute/#ixzz3Ac6duaqw |title=Jewish woman brutally murdered in Iran over property dispute|work=The Times of Israel |date=November 28, 2012 |accessdate=Aug 16, 2014|quote="A government census published earlier this year indicated there were a mere 8,756 Jews left in Iran"}}</ref> Iran memiliki populasi Yahudi terbesar di Timur Tengah di luar Israel.<ref>{{cite web|title=In Iran, Mideast's largest Jewish population outside Israel finds new acceptance by officials|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2014/11/26/in-iran-mideast-largest-jewish-population-outside-israel-finds-new-acceptance|accessdate=2015-09-01}}</ref>
|value2 = 45
|color2 = Green
Sekitar 250.000-370.000 orang Kristen berada di Iran,<ref name="Worldpopulationreview.com_November_29_2015c">{{cite web |url=http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/iran-population/ |title=Iran Population 2015 |newspaper=World Population Review |date=2015 |accessdate=November 29, 2015}}</ref><ref>Country Information and Guidance "Christians and Christian converts, Iran" December 2014. p.9</ref> dan itu adalah agama minoritas yang terbesar yang diakui di negara ini. Kebanyakan dari latar belakang [[Orang Armenia Iran|Armenia]] dengan minoritas yang cukup besar dari [[Orang Asiria di Iran|Asiria]] juga.<ref name="IRFR2009-Iran">{{cite web |author=U.S. State Department |title=Iran – International Religious Freedom Report 2009 |publisher=The Office of Electronic Information, Bureau of Public Affair |date=26 October 2009 |url=http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2009/127347.htm |accessdate=1 December 2009}}</ref>
|label3 = [[Zoroastrianisme]]
|value3 = 5
Kristen, Yahudi, Zoroastrianisme, dan Islam Sunni secara resmi diakui oleh pemerintah, dan mendapat kursi di Parlemen Iran.<ref name="Colin Brock p 99"/> Tapi Agama Bahá'í, yang dikatakan sebagai agama minoritas terbesar non-Muslim di Iran,<ref name="fdih2">{{cite web|date=1 August 2003|title=Discrimination against religious minorities in Iran|author=International Federation for Human Rights|publisher=fdih.org|accessdate=17 January 2009|url=http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/ir0108a.pdf|format=PDF|page=6}}</ref> tidak secara resmi diakui, dan telah dianiaya selama keberadaannya di Iran sejak abad ke-19. Sejak Revolusi 1979, [[penganiayaan Bahai]] telah meningkat dengan eksekusi, pengingkaran hak-hak sipil dan kebebasan, dan penolakan akses ke pendidikan tinggi dan pekerjaan.<ref name="fdih1">{{cite web|date=1 August 2003|title=Discrimination against religious minorities in Iran|author=International Federation for Human Rights|publisher=fdih.org|accessdate=19 March 2007|url=http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/ir0108a.pdf|format=PDF}}</ref><ref name="ihrdc">{{cite web|author=Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|publisher=Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|title=A Faith Denied: The Persecution of the Bahá'ís of Iran|year=2007|accessdate=19 March 2007|url=http://www.iranhrdc.org/english/pdfs/Reports/bahai_report.pdf|archiveurl=https://wayback.archive.org/web/20070611140854/http://www.iranhrdc.org/english/pdfs/Reports/bahai_report.pdf|archivedate=2007-06-11|format=PDF}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Kamali |first=Saeed |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/feb/27/bahai-student-expelled-iranian-university |title=Bahá'í student expelled from Iranian university 'on grounds of religion' |publisher=Guardian |date=27 February 2013 |accessdate=21 June 2013}}</ref>
|color3 = Black
}}
Pemerintah belum merilis statistik mengenai [[Ketidakberagamaan di Iran|ketidakberagamaan]]. Namun, jumlah penduduk yang tidak beragama tumbuh dan lebih tinggi di [[Diaspora Iran|diaspora]], terutama di kalangan [[Orang Amerika Iran#Agama|orang Amerika Iran]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081221105629/http://paaia.org/galleries/new-gallery/Survey_of_Iranian_Americans_Final_Report_Dec_10%202008.pdf Public Opinion Survey of Iranian Americans]. Public Affairs Alliance of Iranian Americans (PAAIA)/Zogby, December 2008. Retrieved April 11, 2014.</ref><ref name="irreligion">{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/09/sep/1230.html |title=Disparaging Islam and the Iranian-American Identity: To Snuggle or to Struggle |publisher=payvand.com |date=21 September 2009 |accessdate=}}</ref>
<gallery mode=packed>
Takht-e-soleiman-3.jpg|[[Takht-e Soleymān|Kuil Adur Gushnasp]]
IranShushGrabDaniels3.jpg|[[Makam Daniel]]
Armenian Monastery of Saint Thaddeus - closeup.jpg|[[Biara Santo Thaddeus]]
Saint Stephen Church - 8614907041.jpg|[[Biara Santo Stepanos]]
Sheikh lotfolla.jpg|[[Masjid Sheikh Lotfollah]]
Mosque of Jamkaran.png|[[Masjid Jamkaran]]
Imam reza shrine in Mashhad.jpg|[[Imam Reza Shrine]]
</gallery>
=== Kota-kota utama ===
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