Bumi datar: Perbedaan antara revisi

Model '''Bumi datar''' adalah sebuah konsepsi arkais dari bentuk [[Bumi]] sebagai [[Bidang (geometri)|bidang]] atau [[cakram]]. Banyak dari kebudayaan kuno menganut [[kosmografi]] bumi datar, yang meliputi [[Yunani kuno|Yunani]] sampai [[Yunani Klasik|jaman klasik]], sipilisasi [[Zaman Perunggu]] dan [[Zaman Besi]] dari [[Timur Dekat Kuno|Timur Dekat]] sampai [[periode Hellenistik]], [[India Zaman Besi|India]] sampai [[zaman Gupta]] (awal abad-abad Masehi), dan [[Tiongkok]] sampai abad ke-17. Paradigma tersebut juga biasanya dipegang dalam budaya-budaya orang asli [[benua Amerika]], dan pernyataan bahwa Bumi datar dikubahi oleh [[cakrawala]] dalam bentuk mangkuk adalah hal umum dalam masyarakat pra-saintifik.<ref>"Their cosmography as far as we know anything about it was practically of one type up til the time of the white man's arrival upon the scene. That of the Borneo Dayaks may furnish us with some idea of it. 'They consider the Earth to be a flat surface, whilst the heavens are a dome, a kind of glass shade which covers the Earth and comes in contact with it at the horizon.'" Lucien Levy-Bruhl, ''Primitive Mentality'' (repr. Boston: Beacon, 1966) 353;

"The usual primitive conception of the world's form ... [is] flat and round below and surmounted above by a solid firmament in the shape of an inverted bowl." H. B. Alexander, ''[[The Mythology of All Races]]'' 10: North American (repr. New York: Cooper Square, 1964) 249.</ref>

 

Gagasan [[Bumi bulat]] dikemukakan oleh seorang [[filsuf Yunani]] yaitu [[Pythagoras]]<ref name="dicks">{{cite book|last=Dicks|first=D.R.|title=Early Greek Astronomy to Aristotle|pages=72-198|date=1970|isbn=9780801405617}}</ref><ref>[[Walter Burkert]], (1 June 1972), Lore and Science in Ancient Pythagoreanism, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0-674-53918-1, 1972, hlm. 306.</ref> (abad ke-6 SM), meskipun kebanyakan [[filsafat Pre-Sokratik|masyarakat pra-Sokratik]] (abad ke 6 – 5 SM) meyakini model Bumi datar. [[Aristoteles]] memberikan bukti bentuk bulat Bumi pada sekitar 330 SM. Pengetahuan Bumi bulat secara bertahan mulai menyebar pada [[periode Hellenistik|dunia Hellenistik]] sejak saat itu.<ref>Continuation of Greek concept into Roman and medieval Christian thought: Reinhard Krüger: ''[http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/lettres/krueger/forschungsvorhaben_erdkugeltheorie_biblio.html Materialien und Dokumente zur mittelalterlichen Erdkugeltheorie von der Spätantike bis zur Kolumbusfahrt (1492)]''</ref><ref>Direct adoption of the Greek concept by Islam: Ragep, F. Jamil: "Astronomy", in: Krämer, Gudrun (ed.) et al.: ''Encyclopaedia of Islam'', THREE, Brill 2010, without page numbers</ref><ref>Direct adoption by India: [[David Pingree|D. Pingree]]: "History of Mathematical Astronomy in India", ''Dictionary of Scientific Biography'', Vol. 15 (1978), pp. 533−633 (554f.); Glick, Thomas F., Livesey, Steven John, Wallis, Faith (eds.): "Medieval Science, Technology, and Medicine: An Encyclopedia", Routledge, New York 2005, ISBN 0-415-96930-1, p. 463</ref><ref>Adoption by China via European science: Jean-Claude Martzloff, [http://coaca.ihns.ac.cn/documents/shuli/Space.pdf "Space and Time in Chinese Texts of Astronomy and of Mathematical Astronomy in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries"], ''Chinese Science'' 11 (1993-94): 66-92 (69) and Christopher Cullen, "A Chinese Eratosthenes of the Flat Earth: A Study of a Fragment of Cosmology in Huai Nan tzu 淮 南 子", ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies'', Vol. 39, No. 1 (1976), pp. 106-127 (107)</ref>