Internet Control Message Protocol: Perbedaan antara revisi
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'''Internet Control Message Protocol''' ('''ICMP''') adalah bagian dari [[Keluarga protokol Internet ]] dan didefinisikan di dalam RFC 792. Pesan-pesan ICMP umumnya dibuat sebagai jawaban atas kesalahan di [[datagram]] [[Internet Protocol|IP]] (seperti yang dispesifikasikan di
[http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1122.txt RFC1122]) atau untuk kegunaan pelacakan atau routing.
Versi ICMP terkini juga dikenal sebagai '''ICMPv4''', yang merupakan bagian dari Internet Protocol versi 4.
<!-- Although ICMP messages are contained within standard IP datagrams, ICMP messages are usually processed as a special case distinguished from normal IP processing, rather than processed as a normal sub-protocol of IP.
ICMP messages are constructed before it is passed down to IP. IP would encapsulate the message with an IP header and transmit the resulting datagram in the usual manner.
Many commonly used network utilities are based on ICMP messages.
The [[ping]] utility (well known on [[Unix]]) is implemented using the ICMP "Echo" and "Echo reply"
messages.
The related [[traceroute]] command is implemented by transmitting UDP datagrams
with manipulated IP Time-to-live (TTL) header fields and looking for ICMP "Time to
live exceeded in transit" and "Destination unreachable" messages in response.
Every machine (such as intermediate routers) that forwards an IP datagram has to decrement the TTL by one. If the TTL reaches 0, an ICMP "Time to live exceeded in transit" message is sent to the source of the datagram.
Each ICMP message is encapsulated directly within a single IP datagram
and thus, like [[user datagram protocol|UDP]], ICMP does not guarantee delivery.
List of permitted control messages:<br>
0 - [[ICMP Echo Reply|Echo Reply]]<br>
1 - Reserved<br>
2 - Reserved<br>
3 - [[ICMP Destination Unreachable|Destination Unreachable]]<br>
4 - [[ICMP Source Quench|Source Quench]]<br>
5 - [[ICMP Redirect Message|Redirect Message]]<br>
6 - Alternate Host Address<br>
7 - Reserved<br>
8 - [[ICMP Echo Request|Echo Request]]<br>
9 - Router Advertisement<br>
10 - Router Solicitation<br>
11 - Time Exceeded<br>
12 - Parameter Problem<br>
13 - Timestamp<br>
14 - Timestamp Reply<br>
15 - Information Request<br>
16 - Information Reply<br>
17 - Address Mask Request<br>
18 - Address Mask Reply<br>
19 - Reserved for security<br>
20-29 - Reserved for robustness experiment<br>
30 - Traceroute<br>
31 - Datagram Conversion Error<br>
32 - Mobile Host Redirect<br>
33 - [[IPv6]] [[Where-Are-You]]<br>
34 - [[IPv6]] [[Here-I-Am]]<br>
35 - Mobile Registration Request<br>
36 - Mobile Registration Reply<br>
37 - Domain Name Request<br>
38 - Domain Name Reply<br>
39 - [[SKIP]] Algorithm Discovery Protocol<br>
40 - [[Photuris]], Security failures<br>
41-255 - Reserved<br>
(Please complete this list!)<br>
(Source: [http://www.iana.org/assignments/icmp-parameters IANA ICMP Parameters])<br>
See also:
* [[ICMPv6]]
== Further reading ==
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc792.txt RFC792]
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