Glutaraldehida: Perbedaan antara revisi

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<!-- Sejarah dan budaya -->
Glutaraldehida digunakan dalam bidang pengobatan mulai tahun 1960an.<ref name="Sterilization of Medical Devices">{{cite book|last1=Booth|first1=Anne|title=Sterilization of Medical Devices|date=1998|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=9781574910872|page=8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a-HfyG5XuM8C&pg=PA8|language=en|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923210311/https://books.google.com/books?id=a-HfyG5XuM8C&pg=PA8|archivedate=2017-09-23}}</ref> Ia terdaftar pada [[Daftar Obat Esensial Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia]], obat-obatan yang paling aman dan efektif dalam [[sistem kesehatan]].<ref name="WHO21st">{{cite book | vauthors = ((World Health Organization)) | title = World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019 | year = 2019 | hdl = 10665/325771 | author-link = World Health Organization | publisher = World Health Organization | location = Geneva | id = WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO }}</ref> Harga grosir di [[negara berkembang]] berkisar pada US$1,50–7,40 per Liter larutan 2%.<ref name=ERC2014>{{cite web|title=Glutaraldehyde|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=375&searchYear=2014|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|accessdate=8 December 2016}}</ref> Terdapat sejumlah fungsi komersial lainnya seperti [[Penyamakan|penyamakan kulit]].<ref name="Fisher's Contact Dermatitis">{{cite book|last1=Rietschel|first1=Robert L.|last2=Fowler|first2=Joseph F.|last3=Fisher|first3=Alexander A.|title=Fisher's Contact Dermatitis|date=2008|publisher=PMPH-USA|isbn=9781550093780|page=359|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQBAzfyCeQ8C&pg=PA359|language=en|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923210311/https://books.google.com/books?id=dQBAzfyCeQ8C&pg=PA359|archivedate=2017-09-23}}</ref>
 
== Penggunaan ==
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Produksi glutaraldehida dalam skala industri dilakukan melalui oksidasi [[siklopentena]]. Alternatif lain adalah, sintesis melalui [[reaksi Diels-Alder]] senyawa [[akrolein]] dan [[enol eter|vinil eter]] diikuti dengan hidrolisis.<ref name=UllAld>{{Ullmann |author1=Christian Kohlpaintner |author2=Markus Schulte |author3=Jürgen Falbe |author4=Peter Lappe |author5=Jürgen Weber|title=Aldehydes, Aliphatic|year=2008|doi= 10.1002/14356007.a01_321.pub2}}</ref>
 
Seperti dialdehida lainnya, (misal, [[glioksal]]) dan aldehida sederhana (misal, [[formaldehida]]), glutaraldehida dalam larutan akuatik berubah menjadi beragam hidratnya yang pada gilirannya berubah menjadi spesies-spesies berkesetimbangan.<ref name=UllAld /><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Whipple Earl B. |author2=Ruta Michael |year=1974 |title=Structure of Aqueous Glutaraldehyde |url= |journal=J. Org. Chem. |volume=39 |issue= |pages=1666–1668 |doi=10.1021/jo00925a015}}</ref><ref name=UllAld />
 
:[[Berkas:GlutaldehydeHydrateEquilibria.png|420 px]]
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== Sejarah dan budaya ==
Glutaraldehida digunakan dalam bidang pengobatan mulai tahun 1960an.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Booth|first1=Anne|titlename="Sterilization of Medical Devices|date=1998|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=9781574910872|page=8|url=https:"//books.google.com/books?id=a-HfyG5XuM8C&pg=PA8|language=en|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923210311/https://books.google.com/books?id=a-HfyG5XuM8C&pg=PA8|archivedate=2017-09-23}}</ref> Ia terdaftar pada [[Daftar Obat Esensial Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia]], obat-obatan yang paling aman dan efektif dalam [[sistem kesehatan]].<ref name="WHO21st">{{cite book | vauthors = ((World Health Organization)) | title = World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019 | year = 2019 | hdl = 10665/325771 | author-link = World Health Organization | publisher = World Health Organization | location = Geneva | id = WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO }}</ref> Harga grosir di [[negara berkembang]] berkisar pada US$1,50–7,40 per Liter larutan 2%.<ref name=ERC2014>{{cite web|title=Glutaraldehyde|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=375&searchYear=2014|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|accessdate=8 December 2016}}</ref> Terdapat sejumlah fungsi komersial lainnya seperti [[Penyamakan|penyamakan kulit]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Rietschel|first1=Robert L.|last2=Fowler|first2=Joseph F.|last3=Fisher|first3=Alexander A.|titlename="Fisher's Contact Dermatitis|date=2008|publisher=PMPH-USA|isbn=9781550093780|page=359|url=https:"//books.google.com/books?id=dQBAzfyCeQ8C&pg=PA359|language=en|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923210311/https://books.google.com/books?id=dQBAzfyCeQ8C&pg=PA359|archivedate=2017-09-23}}</ref>
 
Larutan glultaraldehida dengan konsentrasi 0,1% s/d 1,0% dapat digunakan sebagai [[biosida]] untuk sistem disinfeksi dan sebagai pengawet untuk penyimpanan jangka panjang. Ia merupakan [[Steril|zat pensteril]], pembunuh [[endospora]] selain banyak mikroorganisme dan [[virus]].<ref>[http://www.hccfl.edu/yc/science/mcb-2000-lecture-notes-dr-ketcham-only!.aspx HCC lecture notes, 15] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502072120/http://www.hccfl.edu/yc/science/mcb-2000-lecture-notes-dr-ketcham-only!.aspx |date=2015-05-02 }}: [http://www.hccfl.edu/media/574949/15-control%20of%20microorganisms.pdf Control of microorganisms] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924025247/http://www.hccfl.edu/media/574949/15-control%20of%20microorganisms.pdf |date=2015-09-24 }}</ref>