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== Teori kuman penyakit ==
{{main|Teori kuman penyakit}}
Pada [[Zaman Klasik]], sejarawan [[Yunani]] [[Thukidides]] (c. 460 - c. 400 SM) adalah orang pertama yang menulis tentang [[wabah Athena]], bahwa penyakit dapat menyebar dari orang yang terinfeksi ke orang lain.<ref>Singer, Charles and Dorothea (1917) "The scientific position of Girolamo Fracastoro [1478?–1553] with especial reference to the source, character and influence of his theory of infection," ''Annals of Medical History'', '''1''' : 1–34; [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015016778261;view=1up;seq=28 see p. 14.]</ref><ref>Thucydides with Richard Crawley, trans., ''History of the Peloponnesian War'' (London, England: J.M. Dent & Sons, Ltd., 1910), Book III, § 51, [https://archive.org/stream/pelocrawleyr00thucuoft#page/130/mode/2up pp. 131–32.] From pp. 131–32.</ref> Dalam bukunya ''On the Different Types of Fever'' (c. 175 M), tabib Yunani-Romawi [[Galen]] berspekulasi bahwa wabah disebarkan oleh "benih wabah tertentu", yang ada di udara.<ref>Nutton, Vivian (1983) "The seeds of disease: an explanation of contagion and infection from the Greeks to the Renaissance," ''Medical History'', '''27''' (1) : 1–34; see p. 10. Available at: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1139262/?page=23 U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health]</ref> Dalam teks ''Sushruta Samhita'', dokter India kuno [[Sushruta]] berteori: "Kusta, demam, konsumsi, penyakit mata, dan penyakit menular lainnya menyebar dari satu orang ke orang lain melalui penyatuan seksual, kontak fisik, makan bersama, tidur bersama, duduk bersama, dan menggunakan pakaian, karangan bunga, dan pasta yang sama."<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rastogi|first=Nalin|last2=Rastogi|first2=R|date=1985-01-01|title=Leprosy in ancient India|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/16797371_Leprosy_in_ancient_India|journal=International journal of leprosy and other mycobacterial diseases : official organ of the International Leprosy Association|volume=52|pages=541–3}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Susruta|url=http://archive.org/details/englishtranslati00susruoft|title=An English translation of the Sushruta samhita, based on original Sanskrit text. Edited and published by Kaviraj Kunja Lal Bhishagratna. With a full and comprehensive introd., translation of different readings, notes, comperative views, index, glossary and plates|last2=Bhishagratna|first2=Kunja Lal|date=1907-1916|publisher=Calcutta|others=Gerstein - University of Toronto}}</ref> Buku ini ditulis pada sekitar abad keenam SM.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hoernle|first=A. F. Rudolf (August Friedrich Rudolf)|url=http://archive.org/details/studiesinmedicin01hoeruoft|title=Studies in the medicine of ancient India|date=1907|publisher=Oxford : At the Clarendon Press|others=Gerstein - University of Toronto}}</ref>
== Masyarakat dan budaya ==
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