Islam di Eropa: Perbedaan antara revisi

 

==== Dampak budaya dan interaksi ====

Para Ilmuwan Kristen menyimpan tulisan-tulisan berbahasa Arab pra-Kristen yang berpengaruh dan memperkenalkan aspek-aspek [[Zaman Kejayaan Islam|budaya Islam abad pertengahan]]<ref>Hill, Donald. ''Islamic Science and Engineering''. 1993. Edinburgh Univ. Press. {{ISBN|0-7486-0455-3}}, p.4</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c8YjEkLPXNYC|title=The Legend of the Middle Ages|author=Brague, Rémi|date=2009-04-15|isbn=9780226070803|page=164|accessdate=11 Feb 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=trM7NJz011oC&pg=PT100|title=Pythagoras: His Lives and the Legacy of a Rational Universe|author=Kitty Ferguson|date=3 March 2011|publisher=Icon Books Limited|isbn=978-1-84831-250-0|pages=100–|quote=It was in the Near and Middle East and North Africa that the old traditions of teaching and learning continued, and where Christian scholars were carefully preserving ancient texts and knowledge of the ancient Greek language.}}</ref> (termasuk [[Seni rupa Islam|seni]],<ref name="IAA">[http://www.history.com/encyclopedia.do?vendorId=FWNE.fw..is045900.a#FWNE.fw..is045900.a Islamic art and architecture] History.com</ref><ref name="CH">Carole Hillenbrand. ''The Crusades: Islamic perspectives'', Routledge, 2000, p. 386</ref><ref>Hillenbrand, p. 388</ref> ekonomi,<ref>Savory; p. 195-8</ref> ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi).<ref>Hyman and Walsh ''Philosophy in the Middle Ages'' Indianapolis, 3rd edition, p. 216</ref><ref>Meri, Josef W. and Jere L. Bacharach, Editors, ''Medieval Islamic Civilization'' Vol.1, A - K, Index, 2006, p. 451</ref>