Flu Spanyol: Perbedaan antara revisi
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k Albertus Aditya memindahkan halaman Pandemi flu 1918 ke Flu Spanyol menimpa pengalihan lama: https://wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan:Pandemi_flu_1918&oldid=17010731 |
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'''Pandemi Flu 1918''' (biasa disebut '''Flu Spanyol''') adalah pandemik [[influenza]] [[Pandemic Severity Index|kategori 5]] yang mulai menyebar di [[Amerika Serikat]], muncul di [[Afrika Barat]] dan [[Prancis]], lalu menyebar hampir ke seluruh dunia. Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh [[Virus Influenza Tipe A]] subtipe [[H1N1]]. Kebanyakan korban flu ini adalah orang dewasa dan muda. Flu Spanyol terjadi dari Maret 1918 sampai Juni 1920,<ref>[http://www.pasteur.fr/infosci/conf/CRC/Grippe_CRC.ppt ''Institut Pasteur. La Grippe Espagnole de 1918'' (Powerpoint presentation in French)]</ref> menyebar sampai ke [[Arktik]] dan kepulauan Pasifik. Diperkirakan 50 sampai 100 juta orang di seluruh dunia meninggal, sementara Indonesia diperkirakan sampai sekitar 1-1,5 juta jiwa yang meninggal di masa pemerintahan Hindia Belanda ini<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://historia.id/sains/articles/seabad-flu-spanyol-DBKbm|title=Seabad Flu Spanyol|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=}}</ref>. Karena sangat sulit ditanggulangi oleh berbagai negara di seluruh dunia, para pimpinan tiap negara sampai membuatkan hukum seperti pelarangan berjabat tangan di Arizona karena sangat mudah menyebarnya<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.brilio.net/kesehatan/15-fakta-mengerikan-soal-flu-bisa-bunuh-ribuan-orang-dalam-24-minggu-160513n.html|title=15 Fakta mengerikan soal flu, bisa bunuh ribuan orang dalam 24 minggu!|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=}}</ref>.▼
[[Berkas:Spanish flu death chart.png|jmpl|200px|Grafik kematian di kota utama.]]
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== Referensi ==▼
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== Daftar pustaka ==
* {{cite book|last=Barry|first=John M.|coauthors=|authorlink=|title=The Great Influenza: The Epic Story of the Greatest Plague in History|edition=|publisher=Viking Penguin|location=|year=2004|isbn=0-670-89473-7|series=}}
* {{cite book|last=Crosby|first=Alfred W.|coauthors=|authorlink=|title=America's Forgotten Pandemic: The Influenza of 1918|edition=|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|year=1990|isbn=0-521-38695-0|series=}}
* {{cite book|last=Johnson|first=Niall|coauthors=|authorlink=|title=Britain and the 1918-19 Influenza Pandemic: A Dark Epilogue|edition=|publisher=Routledge|location=London and New York|year=2006|isbn=0-415-36560-0|series=}}
* {{cite journal|last=Johnson|first=Niall|coauthors=|year=2003|title=Measuring a pandemic: Mortality, demography and geography|url=|journal=Popolazione e Storia|pages=31-52}}
* {{cite journal|last=Johnson|first=Niall|coauthors=|year=2003|title=Scottish ’flu – The Scottish mortality experience of the “Spanish flu|url=|journal=Scottish Historical Review|volume=83|issue=2|pages=216-226}}
* {{cite journal|last=Johnson|first=Niall|coauthors=Juergen Mueller|year=2002|title=Updating the accounts: global mortality of the 1918–1920 ‘Spanish’ influenza pandemic|url=|journal=Bulletin of the History of Medicine|issn=|volume=76|pages=105–15}}
* Mendes, Shawn (1998). The Great Pandemic of The Greatest Plague in History
* Kolata, Gina. Flu: The Story of the Great Influenza Pandemic of 1918 and the Search for the Virus That Caused It (1999) ISBN 0-374-15706-5
* {{cite book|last=Little|first=Jean|coauthors=|authorlink=Jean Little|title=If I Die Before I Wake: The Flu Epidemic Diary of Fiona Macgregor, Toronto, Ontario, 1918|edition=|publisher=Scholastic Canada|location=Markham, Ont.|year=2007|isbn=9780439988377|series=[[Dear Canada]]}}
* {{cite journal|last=Noymer|first=Andrew|coauthors=Michel Garenne|year=2000|title=The 1918 Influenza Epidemic's Effects on Sex Differentials in Mortality in the United States|url=|journal=Population and Development Review|issn=0098-7921|volume=26|issue=3|pages=565-581|doi=}}
* {{cite journal |author=Oxford JS, Sefton A, Jackson R, Innes W, Daniels RS, Johnson NP |title=World War I may have allowed the emergence of "Spanish" influenza |journal=The Lancet infectious diseases |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=111-4 |year=2002 |pmid=11901642}}
* {{cite journal |author=Oxford JS, Sefton A, Jackson R, Johnson NP, Daniels RS |title=Who's that lady? |journal=Nat. Med. |volume=5 |issue=12 |pages=1351-2 |year=1999 |pmid=10581070 |doi=10.1038/70913}}
* {{cite book|last=Phillips|first=Howard|coauthors=David Killingray (eds)|authorlink=|title=The Spanish Flu Pandemic of 1918: New Perspectives|edition=|publisher=Routledge|location=London and New York|year=2003}}
* {{cite journal|last=Rice|first=Geoffrey W.|coauthors=Edwina Palmer|year=1993|title=Pandemic Influenza in Japan, 1918-1919: Mortality Patterns and Official Responses|url=|journal=Journal of Japanese Studies|issn=0095-6848|volume=19|issue=2|pages=389-420|doi=}}
* {{cite book|last=Rice|first=Geoffrey W.|coauthors=|authorlink=|title=Black November: the 1918 Influenza Pandemic in New Zealand|edition=|publisher=|location=Canterbury University Press|year=2005|isbn=1-877257-35-4|series=}}
* {{cite journal |author=Tumpey TM, García-Sastre A, Mikulasova A, ''et al'' |title=Existing antivirals are effective against influenza viruses with genes from the 1918 pandemic virus |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue=21 |pages=13849-54 |year=2002 |pmid=12368467 |doi=10.1073/pnas.212519699 | url = http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/99/21/13849}}
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* [http://www.news.wisc.edu/13360.html "Study uncovers a lethal secret of 1918 influenza virus"] University of Wisconsin - Madison, January 17, 2007
* [http://www.translational-medicine.com/content/2/1/3 "The site of origin of the 1918 influenza pandemic and its public health implications"] Journal of Translational Medicine, January 20, 2004
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▲== Referensi ==
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[[Kategori:Penyakit]]
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