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Baris 2: ==Latar belakang== Kehidupan bersama antara paham Kristiani dan kebudayaan lain dimulai semenjak masa kerasulan. Yesus memerintahkan murid-muridnya untuk menyebarkan ajaran-Nya hingga ke ujung bumi (Injil Markus 28:28; 16; 15) sebelum kenaikan-Nya ke surga namun tidak memberi tahu bagaimana caranya.<ref>Franzen Kirchengeschichte, 18</ref> Pidato Santo Paulus kepada orang-orang Yunani di Aeropagus di Athena (Kitab Kisah Para Rasul 17:22-33) bisa dianggap sebagai usaha inkulturasi yang pertama. Pidato itu tidak diterima dengan baik, menurut ayat 32: "Ketika mereka mendengar tentang kebangkitan orang mati, maka ada yang mengejek."<ref>(ESV)</ref> Pada atau sekitar tahun 50, para rasul bertemy dalam Konsili Gereja pertama, [[Konsili Yerusalem]], untuk menentukan apakah akan menyertakan orang-orang non-Yahudi dan memadukan kebudayaan orang-orang tersebut.<ref name="McManners37">McManners, ''Oxford Illustrated History of Christianity'' (2002), p. 37, Chapter 1 The Early Christian Community subsection entitled "Rome", quote: "In Acts 15 scripture recorded the apostles meeting in synod to reach a common policy about the Gentile mission."</ref><ref name="McManners371">McManners, ''Oxford Illustrated History of Christianity'' (2002), pp. 37–8, Chapter 1 The Early Christian Community subsection entitled "Rome", quote: "The 'synod' or, in Latin, 'council' (the modern distinction making a synod something less than a council was unknown in antiquity) became an indispensable way of keeping a common mind, and helped to keep maverick individuals from centrifugal tendencies. During the third century synodal government became so developed that synods used to meet not merely at times of crisis but on a regular basis every year, normally between Easter and Pentecost."</ref> Di [[Konsili Yerusalem]] ini diresmikan bahwa orang-orang Yahudi dan non-Yahudi bisa diterima sebagai umat Kristiani. <!-- Saint Paul's speech to the Greeks at the Aeropagus of [[Athens]] (Acts 17:22-33) could be considered as the first inculturation attempt. The speech was not well received, according to verse 32: "Now when they heard of the resurrection of the dead, some mocked".<ref>(ESV)</ref> In or around the year 50, the apostles convened the first Church council, the [[Council of Jerusalem]], to decide whether to include Gentiles and inculturate Gentile culture.<ref name="McManners37">McManners, ''Oxford Illustrated History of Christianity'' (2002), p. 37, Chapter 1 The Early Christian Community subsection entitled "Rome", quote: "In Acts 15 scripture recorded the apostles meeting in synod to reach a common policy about the Gentile mission."</ref><ref name="McManners371">McManners, ''Oxford Illustrated History of Christianity'' (2002), pp. 37–8, Chapter 1 The Early Christian Community subsection entitled "Rome", quote: "The 'synod' or, in Latin, 'council' (the modern distinction making a synod something less than a council was unknown in antiquity) became an indispensable way of keeping a common mind, and helped to keep maverick individuals from centrifugal tendencies. During the third century synodal government became so developed that synods used to meet not merely at times of crisis but on a regular basis every year, normally between Easter and Pentecost."</ref> At the [[Council of Jerusalem]] in 50, it was confirmed that [[Gentiles]] and [[Jews]] could be accepted as Christians. Cultural conflicts between Jewish Christians and Gentile Christians continued until Christianity incorporated the [[Greco-Roman]] culture.<ref>Franzen,319</ref> Similar inculturation occurred when the [[Roman Empire]] ceased and the Germanic and Medieval cultures became dominant, a process taking centuries.<ref>Franzen 319</ref> Early practitioners of inculturation in the history of missions include [[St. Patrick]] in Ireland and [[Sts. Cyril and Methodius]] for the [[Slavic peoples]] of Eastern Europe. After the schism of 1054, the [[Roman Catholic Church]] was largely restricted to the Western parts of Europe. Attempts failed to broaden the sphere of influence to the cultures of the [[Middle East]] with the [[crusades]] and the [[Latin Empire\|Latin Empire in Constantinople]] (1204-1261). The [[Protestant Reformation]] generated a division in the Western Church. However, at the same time, [[Spain\|Spanish]] and [[Portugal\|Portuguese]] discoveries of the Americas, Asia and Africa broadened contact with other cultures and civilizations.<ref>Franzen 321</ref> Baris 46 ⟶ 43: *"It is now acknowledged that ''inculturation'' is a theological term which has been defined in ''Redemptoris Missio'' 52 as the on-going dialogue between faith and culture." <ref>[http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_councils/cultr/documents/rc_pc_cultr_01061996_doc_ii-1996-ple_en.html Ethiopia and Inculturation], Brendan Cogavin C.S.Sp.</ref> --> ==Referensi== <references />

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