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=== Pestisida ===
[[Pestisida]] dan [[herbisida]] biasa digunakan dalam
Proses [[kontaminasi tanah]] terjadi ketika pestisida yang telah digunakan menumpuk dan bertahan di [[tanah]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Aktar|first=Md. Wasim|last2=Sengupta|first2=Dwaipayan|last3=Chowdhury|first3=Ashim|date=2009-3|title=Impact of pesticides use in agriculture: their benefits and hazards|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2984095/|journal=Interdisciplinary Toxicology|volume=2|issue=1|pages=1–12|doi=10.2478/v10102-009-0001-7|issn=1337-6853|pmc=2984095|pmid=21217838}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.envirotech-online.com/news/health-and-safety/10/breaking-news/what-is-soil-contamination-and-why-does-it-happen/32581|title=What is Soil Contamination? And Why Does It Happen?|last=Technology|first=International Environmental|website=Envirotech Online|language=en|access-date=2020-08-01}}</ref> Pestisida yang berada di tanah tersebut dapat memicu proses [[metabolisme mikrobial]], meningkatkan penyerapan bahan kimia bagi tanaman, dan beracun bagi [[Organisme|organisme tanah]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pesticidereform.org/pesticides-human-health/|title=Pesticides & Human Health {{!}} Californians for Pesticide Reform|language=en-US|access-date=2020-08-01}}</ref> Waktu bertahan pestisida dan herbisida dapat bertahan di tanah tergantung dari bahan-bahan kimia atau senyawa yang terkandung di dalamnya.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Aktar|first=Md. Wasim|last2=Sengupta|first2=Dwaipayan|last3=Chowdhury|first3=Ashim|date=2009-3|title=Impact of pesticides use in agriculture: their benefits and hazards|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2984095/|journal=Interdisciplinary Toxicology|volume=2|issue=1|pages=1–12|doi=10.2478/v10102-009-0001-7|issn=1337-6853|pmc=2984095|pmid=21217838}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/fao-stories/article/en/c/1126974/|title=Polluting our soils is polluting our future|website=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|language=en|access-date=2020-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/890-what-is-in-soil|title=What is in soil?|website=Science Learning Hub|language=en|access-date=2020-08-01}}</ref> Bahan yang terkandung didalam pestisida dan herbisida tersebut juga dapat ''mempengaruhi proses [[sorpsi]] dan kondisi lingkungan tanah''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140704074226/http://www.epa.gov/opp00001/science/efed_databasesdescription.htm|title=Environmental Databases {{!}} Pesticides {{!}} US EPA|date=2014-07-04|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2020-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gmoanswers.com/ask/how-long-does-it-take-fertilizers-pesticides-herbicides-and-fungicides-break-down-soil-or-do|title=How long does it take for fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides and fungicides to break down in the soil or do these chemicals stay in the soil indefinitely?|website=GMO Answers|language=en|access-date=2020-08-01}}</ref>
Pestisida dapat terakumulasi pada hewan yang memakan hama dan organisme tanah yang telah terkontaminasi oleh pestisida.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ashraf|first=Muhammad Aqeel|last2=Maah|first2=Mohd Jamil|last3=Yusoff|first3=Ismail|date=2014-03-26|title=Soil Contamination, Risk Assessment and Remediation|url=https://www.intechopen.com/books/environmental-risk-assessment-of-soil-contamination/soil-contamination-risk-assessment-and-remediation|journal=Environmental Risk Assessment of Soil Contamination|language=en|doi=10.5772/57287}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Selain itu, penggunaan pestisida secara berlebihan lebih berbahaya bagi hewan-hewan yang menguntungkan bagi tanaman, seperti serangga penyerbuk, dan musuh alami dari hama (serangga yang memangsa hama) dibandingkan terhadap hama yang ingin kita basmi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/pollinators/|title=Pollinators|website=www.fs.fed.us|access-date=2020-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pollinator.org/pollinators|title=About Pollinators|website=Pollinator.org|language=en-US|access-date=2020-08-01}}</ref>▼
▲Pestisida dapat terakumulasi pada hewan yang memakan [[hama]] dan organisme tanah yang telah terkontaminasi oleh pestisida.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ashraf|first=Muhammad Aqeel|last2=Maah|first2=Mohd Jamil|last3=Yusoff|first3=Ismail|date=2014-03-26|title=Soil Contamination, Risk Assessment and Remediation|url=https://www.intechopen.com/books/environmental-risk-assessment-of-soil-contamination/soil-contamination-risk-assessment-and-remediation|journal=Environmental Risk Assessment of Soil Contamination|language=en|doi=10.5772/57287}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Selain itu, penggunaan pestisida secara berlebihan lebih berbahaya bagi hewan-hewan yang menguntungkan bagi tanaman, seperti
==== Pelindian pestisida ====
[[Pelindian]] pestisida terjadi ketika pestisida bercampur dengan [[air]] dan bergerak melalui tanah, sehingga berpotensi mencemari kualitas air tanah. Proses pelindian tersebut berkorelasi dengan karakteristik tanah dan pestisida tertentu serta tingkat curah hujan dan [[irigasi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://water.unl.edu/article/crop-production/pesticide-leaching-runoff-management|title=Pesticide Leaching & Runoff Management {{!}} UNL Water|website=water.unl.edu|access-date=2020-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pesticidestewardship.org/water/leaching/|title=The Problem of Leaching – Pesticide Environmental Stewardship|language=en-US|access-date=2020-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ipm.ucanr.edu/QT/lesstoxicinsecticidescard.html|title=Less Toxic Insecticides--UC IPM|website=ipm.ucanr.edu|access-date=2020-08-01}}</ref>
''Pelindian kemungkinan besar terjadi apabila pestisida yang digunakan larut dalam air, ketika tanahnya cenderung berpasir; jika penyiraman berlebihan terjadi setelah aplikasi pestisida; jika kemampuan adsorpsi pestisida ke tanah rendah.''
Pelindian tersebut tidak hanya berasal dari [[ladang]] yang sedang digarap, tetapi juga dapat berasal dari area proses pencampuran pestisida, tempat pencucian mesin aplikasi pestisida, atau area pembuangan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151225091304/http://www.agf.gov.bc.ca/pesticides/c_2.htm|title=Environmental Fate of Pesticides|date=2015-12-25|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2020-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lindahl|first=Anna M. L.|last2=Bockstaller|first2=Christian|date=2012-12-01|title=An indicator of pesticide leaching risk to groundwater|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X12001227|journal=Ecological Indicators|language=en|volume=23|pages=95–108|doi=10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.03.014|issn=1470-160X}}</ref>
=== Pupuk ===
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=== Pengelolaan lahan ===
[[Berkas:Soil_erosion_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1135515.jpg|al=Soil erosion|ka|jmpl
==== Erosi tanah dan sedimentasi ====
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