Ledakan Beirut 2020: Perbedaan antara revisi

Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Tag: Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan aplikasi seluler Suntingan aplikasi Android
revisi sudah ada kerugian 10 miliar dolar
Baris 5:
|caption=Pelabuhan Beirut pada tahun 2003
|date=4 Agustus 2020
|time=~18:08 [[Waktu Musim Panas Eropa Timur|waktu setempat]] (22:08:18 [[Waktu Indonesia Barat|WIB]])<br>(Ledakan kedua)
|venue=[[Pelabuhan Beirut]]
|place=[[Beirut]], [[Lebanon]]
|duration =
|coordinates={{coord|33|54|10.62|N|35|31|4.04|E}}
|type=Ledakan [[Amonium nitrat]]
|cause=sedang diselidiki
|deaths=lebih dari 100135 orang
|injuries=lebih dari 45.000 orang
|reported missing=lebih dari 80 orang
|reported property damage = $10–15 miliar (Rp.146–219 triliun)
|displaced = lebih dari 300.000 orang
}}
{{OSM Location map
| coord = {{coord|33.9010|35.5190}}
| zoom = 13
| width = 300
| height = 260
| float = right
| caption =
| minimap = file
| mini-file = Lebanon adm location map.svg
| mini-width = 75<!-- All units for the mini-image are pixel units -->
| mini-height = 86 <!-- height and width need to match the dimensions of the image file -->
| minipog-x = 25 <!-- x and y co-ordinates are pixels numbered from a top-left origin -->
| minipog-y = 42 <!-- They optionally place a red dot to show location of the main map -->
| scalemark = 100 <!-- shifts the scalemark further to the left -->
<!-- Parameters for 1st mark -->
| label = Port of Beirut
| mark = Legenda zabytek techniki.svg
| mark-coord = {{coord|33.901|35.519}}
| label-pos = left
| mark-title = Port of Beirut
| mark-image = File:Hafen von Beirut.jpg
| mark-description = <!-- | -->
}}
 
Pada tanggal 4 Agustus 2020 pukul 18.08 waktu setempat, terjadi ledakan di [[Pelabuhan Beirut]] yang berlokasi di [[Beirut]], [[Lebanon]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Massive explosion shakes Lebanese capital, buildings near Beirut port reportedly damaged|url=https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/massive-explosion-shakes-lebanese-capital-buildings-near-beirut-port-damaged-1.9046138|titleaccessdate=Beirut4 blastAgustus leaves2020|date=4 dozens dead,Agustus thousands wounded at Lebanese capital's port2020|last1=Khoury|first1=Jack|last2=Landou|first2=Noa|website=Haaretz.com|language=en|accessarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805065959/https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/massive-explosion-shakes-lebanese-capital-buildings-near-beirut-port-damaged-1.9046138|archive-date=5 Agustus 2020|url-08-04status=live}}</ref><ref name="guardian-count">{{Cite webnews|title=Lebanon: at least 78 killed as huge explosion rocks Beirut|url=https://www.sfchronicletheguardian.com/newsworld/article2020/Massiveaug/04/huge-explosion-shakesbeirut-Lebanonlebanon-sshatters-capitalwindows-Beirutrocks-15457414.phpbuildings|titlelast=MassiveChulov|first=Martin|date=4 BeirutAgustus blast2020|access-date=4 killsAgustus more than2020|work=[[The 70, injures thousandsGuardian]]|datelast2=2020-08-04Safi|websitefirst2=SFChronicle.comMichael|languagearchive-url=enhttps://web.archive.org/web/20200804160549/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/04/huge-USexplosion-beirut-lebanon-shatters-windows-rocks-buildings|accessarchive-date=4 Agustus 2020|url-08-04status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|title=Powerful Explosion in Beirut Kills at Least 78, Injures Thousands: Live Updates|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/04/world/middleeast/beirut-explosion-blast.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=2020-08-04|access-date=2020-08-04|issn=0362-4331|language=en-US|first=Ben|last=Hubbard|first2=Maria|last2=Abi-Habib}}</ref> Sekitar 100135 orang meninggal dunia, 80 orang hilang,<ref>{{Cite news|title=Lebanon: at least 78 killed as huge explosion rocks Beirutweb|url=httpshttp://www.theguardiandailystar.com.lb/worldNews/Lebanon-News/2020/augAug-05/04/huge-explosion-beirut509878-lebanon-shattersmourns-windowsbeirut-rocksblast-buildings|newspaper=The Guardian|date=2020toll-08expected-04|access-date=2020to-08-04rise.ashx|issntitle=0261-3077|language=en-GB|first=MartinBeirut Chulovblast Michaeldeath Safitoll inhits Amman100 Julianas BorgerLebanon mourns in|lastwebsite=Washingtonwww.dailystar.com.lb}}</ref> dan lebih dari 45.000 orang mengalami luka-luka, dan banyak orang yang dilaporkan menghilang.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Beirut explosion: at least 78 dead and 4,000 wounded, says Lebanon health ministry – live updates|first2=Oliver|first5=Enjoli|last4=Liston|first4=Enjoli|last3=Phillips|first3=Tom|last2=Holmes (earlier)|last=Sullivan (now)|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2020/aug/04/beirut-explosion-huge-blast-port-lebanon-capital|first=Helen|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2020-08-04|date=2020-08-04|newspaper=The Guardian|last5=Liston}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/08/huge-explosion-rocks-lebanon-capital-beirut-live-updates-200804163620414.html|title=Dozens killed, thousands wounded in Beirut explosion: Live|last=Gadzo|first=Mersiha|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=2020-08-04}}</ref>
 
==Latar belakang==
[[File:Hafen von Beirut.jpg|thumb|left|Pelabuhan Beirut pada tahun 2003]]
Ekonomi Lebanon tengah dilanda krisis saat kejadian ini terjadi, di mana pemerintah gagal membayar utang negara, jatuhnya mata uang [[Pound Lebanon|Pound]] dan 50% warganya berada di bawah garis kemiskinan.<ref name="CNN Indonesia">{{cite web|date=5 Agustus 2020| url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/ekonomi/20200805084457-92-532269/libanon-negara-yang-terperosok-dalam-krisis-ekonomi|title=Libanon, Negara yang Terperosok dalam Krisis Ekonomi|access-date=5 Agustus 2020}}</ref>
 
Pelabuhan Beirut merupakan pintu masuk maritim utama ke negara itu, di mana 3,000 kapal berlabuh setiap tahunnya.<ref name=grzeszczak>{{cite web |last1=Grzeszczak |first1=Jocelyn |title=What is the Port of Beirut? Everything We Know About the Site Following Deadly Explosion |url=https://www.newsweek.com/what-port-beirut-everything-we-know-about-site-following-deadly-explosion-1522830 |website=Newsweek |accessdate=5 Agustus 2020 |date=4 Agustus 2020}}</ref> Pelabuhan milik pemerintah ini memiliki 16 dermaga, 12 bengkel dan sebuah lumbung gandum.<ref name=grzeszczak /> Pangkalan AL Lebanon juga berada dekat pelabuhan ini.
 
===MV ''Rhosus''===
{{Main|MV Rhosus}}
{{overlay
|image=Beirutnorth.jpg
|width=320
|float=left
|height=214
|overlay1=Ledakan terjadi di belakang [[Elevator biji-bijian]] di tampilan ini.
|overlay1top=10
|overlay1left=150
|overlay1tip=Pusat ledakan
|legendbox=no
|border=no
|columns=1
}}
Pada 23 September 2013, kapal ''MV Rhosus'' berbendera [[Moldova]] berlayar dari [[Batumi]], [[Georgia]] ke [[Beira, Mozambik|Beira]], [[Mozambik]] dengan membawa 2750 ton zat kimia [[amonium nitrat]].<ref name="rhosus.shiparrested">{{cite journal |url=https://shiparrested.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf#page=3 |title=m/v Rhosus — Arrest and Personal Freedom of the Crew |date=October 2015 |number=11 |journal=The Arrest News |accessdate=5 Agustus 2020 |first1=Charbel |last1=Dagher |first2=Christine |last2=Maksoud |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805004609/https://shiparrested.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf |archive-date=5 Agustus 2020}}</ref> Saat di perjalanan, kapal ini terpaksa berlabuh di Beirut karena masalah mesin.<ref name="rhosus.tv2">{{Cite news|last=Jørgensen|first=Lars Bach|date=5 Agustus 2020|title=Ekspert forklarer, hvad der sandsynligvis skete i Beirut|language=da|trans-title=Expert explains what probably happened in Beirut|work=TV 2|url=https://nyheder.tv2.dk/udland/2020-08-05-ekspert-forklarer-hvad-der-sandsynligvis-skete-i-beirut|url-status=live|accessdate=5 Agustus 2020|quote=The large amount of potentially dangerous fertilizer has been there since 2014, when the Moldavian ship Rhosus had to port due to engine problems.}}</ref> Setelah diperiksa oleh pihak pelabuhan, Rhosus didapati tidak layak berlayar, dan dilarang melanjutkan perjalanannya.{{r|rhosus.tv2}} Semua awaknya dipulangkan dan si pemilik meninggalkan kapalnya karena bangkrut. Kemudian, ribuan ton zat kimia itu disimpan di gudang tanpa prosedur keamanan selama bertahun-tahun.<ref name="rhosus.jazeera">{{cite news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/08/officials-knew-danger-beirut-port-years-200805032416684.html|title=Beirut blast: Tracing the explosives that tore the capital apart|first=Timour|last=Azhari|journal=[[Al Jazeera]]|date=5 Agustus 2020|accessdate=5 Agustus 2020}}</ref><ref name="rhosus.fleetmon">{{cite web |last1=Voytenko |first1=Mikhail |title=Crew kept hostages on a floating bomb — m/v Rhosus, Beirut |url=https://www.fleetmon.com/maritime-news/2014/4194/crew-kept-hostages-floating-bomb-mv-rhosus-beirut/ |website=fleetmon |date=23 Juli 2014 |access-date=4 Agustus 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804213142/https://www.fleetmon.com/maritime-news/2014/4194/crew-kept-hostages-floating-bomb-mv-rhosus-beirut/ |archive-date=4 Agustus 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>
 
== Ledakan ==
[[Berkas:دخان انفجار بيروت انتشر في كل سماء لبنان.webm|thumb|thumbtime=00:01|Asap merah dari ledakan ditemukan di langit di Lebanon pada malam ledakan. Video dari live streaming saksi mata.]]
Sebuah ledakan pertama yang lebih kecil mengakibatkan asap di atas api dan menciptakan cahaya yang diduga menyerupai [[kembang api]].<ref name=":0" /> Ledakan kedua terjadi sekitar pukul 18:30 [[UTC+03:00|waktu setempat]] yang mengguncang Beirut tengah dan memicu debu merah di udara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/beirut-explosion-lebanon-harbour-port-a9653696.html|title=At least 70 dead and over 3,000 injured in Beirut explosions|date=2020-08-04|website=The Independent|language=en|access-date=2020-08-04}}</ref>
 
Ledakan tersebut dilaporkan juga dirasakan di [[Israel]] hingga [[Siprus]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-middle-east-53656328|title=Beirut explosion updates: Death toll rises after Lebanon blast|website=BBC News|language=en-gb|access-date=2020-08-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/two-explosions-rocks-lebanon-s-beirut-dozens-wounded-videos-surface-online/story-wkCeUkZGBqxMPVtrneAnNI.html|title=‘Like an earthquake’: Huge explosion rips through Beirut captured on video|date=2020-08-04|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2020-08-05}}</ref>
 
== Penyebab ==
Penyebab ledakan masih belum diketahui.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/08/large-explosion-rocks-lebanon-capital-beirut-200804153400078.html|title=Dozens killed as huge explosion rips through Lebanon's Beirut|last=Azhari|first=Timour|date=|website=Al Jazeera|access-date=2020-08-05}}</ref> Media pemerintah Lebanon awalnya melaporkan ledakan terjadi di gudang kembang api, sementara pihak lain melaporkan ledakan terjadi di fasilitas [[Depot minyak|penyimpanan minyak]] atau fasilitas penyimpanan bahan kimia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/massive-explosion-shakes-lebanese-capital-buildings-near-beirut-port-damaged-1.9046138|title=Beirut blast leaves dozens dead, thousands wounded at Lebanese capital's port|website=Haaretz.com|language=en|access-date=2020-08-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2020/08/04/Smoke-seen-from-possible-explosion-near-port-area-in-Lebanon-s-Beirut.html|title=Massive explosions rock Lebanon's capital of Beirut; Trump says it was an 'attack'|date=2020-08-04|website=Al Arabiya English|language=en|access-date=2020-08-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Lebanon: at least 78 killed as huge explosion rocks Beirut|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/04/huge-explosion-beirut-lebanon-shatters-windows-rocks-buildings|newspaper=The Guardian|date=2020-08-04|access-date=2020-08-05|issn=0261-3077|language=en-GB|first=Martin Chulov Michael Safi in Amman Julian Borger in|last=Washington}}</ref> Ada beberapa gudang di pelabuhan yang menyimpan bahan peledak maupun bahan kimia termasuk [[nitrat]], komponen umum pupuk, dan bahan peledak.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Massive blast rips through Beirut, killing 78 and injuring thousands|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-lebanon-security-blast-idUSKCN25021M|newspaper=Reuters|date=2020-08-04|access-date=2020-08-05|language=en}}</ref> Direktur Jenderal Keamanan Publik Lebanon menyatakan ledakan itu disebabkan oleh [[amonium nitrat]] yang disita dan disimpan selama bertahun-tahun.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/08/huge-explosion-rocks-lebanon-capital-beirut-live-updates-200804163620414.html|title=Dozens killed, thousands wounded in Beirut explosion: Live|last=Gadzo|first=Mersiha|date=|website=Al Jazeera|access-date=2020-08-05}}</ref>
 
== Korban ==
Setelah ledakan, setidaknya sekitar 100135 orang meninggal dunia<ref>{{Cite news|title=Beirut explosion: at least 100 dead and 4,000 wounded – live updates|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2020/aug/04/beirut-explosion-huge-blast-port-lebanon-capital|newspaper=The Guardian|date=2020-08-05|access-date=2020-08-05|issn=0261-3077|language=en-GB|first=Rebecca Ratcliffe (now); Helen|last=Sullivan|first2=Oliver|last2=Holmes (earlier)|first3=Martin|last3=Chulov|first4=Tom|last4=Phillips}}</ref> dan kira-kira 4.000 orang mengalami luka-luka.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Beirut explosion: at least 100 dead and 4,000 wounded – live updates|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2020/aug/04/beirut-explosion-huge-blast-port-lebanon-capital|newspaper=The Guardian|date=2020-08-05|access-date=2020-08-05|issn=0261-3077|language=en-GB|first=Rebecca Ratcliffe (now); Helen|last=Sullivan|first2=Oliver|last2=Holmes (earlier)|first3=Martin|last3=Chulov|first4=Tom|last4=Phillips}}</ref> Marwan Abboud, gubernur Beirut, menyatakan bahwa ia tiba di tempat kejadian untuk mencari petugas pemadam kebakaran yang berada di lokasi tersebut untuk memadamkan api yang terjadi sebelum ledakan.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|title=Beirut explosion: at least 78 dead and 4,000 wounded, says Lebanon health ministry – live updates|first2=Oliver|first5=Enjoli|last4=Liston|first4=Enjoli|last3=Phillips|first3=Tom|last2=Holmes (earlier)|last=Sullivan (now)|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2020/aug/04/beirut-explosion-huge-blast-port-lebanon-capital|first=Helen|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2020-08-04|date=2020-08-04|newspaper=The Guardian|last5=Liston}}</ref>
 
== Bantuan Kemanusiaan ==
 
* Pemerintah Indonesia mengucapkan duka cita dan simpati mendalam kepada keluarga, Pemerintah dan Rakyat Lebanon atas ledakan yang terjadi di pelabuhan Beirut pada Selasa 4 Agustus. Kontingen Garuda yang tergabung dalam UNIFIL FC membantu penanganan pascaledakan, termasuk evakuasi korban<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.medcom.id/internasional/asean/JKRGMOVN-indonesia-sampaikan-simpati-mendalam-untuk-lebanon|title=Indonesia Sampaikan Simpati Mendalam untuk Lebanon|last=Willy Haryono|first=Medcom|date=2020-08-05|website=Medcom.id|accessdate=2020-08-05}}</ref>
* Pengurus Besar Nahdlatul Ulama (PBNU) mendorong pemerintah menggalang bantuan dunia internasional untuk Lebanon. Negara yang berbatasan dengan Israel dan Suriah itu membutuhkan bantuan pascaledakan pabrik kimia di pelabuhan Kota Beirut.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.medcom.id/nasional/politik/0k802E2k-pbnu-dorong-pemerintah-galang-bantuan-untuk-lebanon|title=PBNU Dorong Pemerintah Galang Bantuan untuk Lebanon|last=Anggi Tondi Martaon|first=Medcom|date=2020-08-05|website=Medcom.id|accessdate=2020-08-05}}</ref>
* Qatar, Irak dan Kuwait sama-sama berencana mengirim bantuan medis ke Lebanon usai terjadinya ledakan dahsyat di Pelabuhan Beirut pada Selasa 4 Agustus. Ledakan dari sebuah gudang bahan kimia itu menewaskan sedikitnya 78 orang dan melukai 4.000 lainnya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.medcom.id/internasional/timur-tengah-afrika/8N00PRAN-qatar-irak-dan-kuwait-kirim-bantuan-ke-lebanon|title=Qatar, Irak dan Kuwait Kirim Bantuan ke Lebanon|last=Willy Haryono|first=Medcom|date=2020-08-05|website=Medcom.id|accessdate=2020-08-05}}</ref>
 
==Penangkapan==
Pihak berwenang Lebanon telah menempatkan pejabat pelabuhan Beirut yang bertanggung jawab atas penyimpanan dan keamanan di bawah [[tahanan rumah]] yang kemudian diawasi oleh [[Angkatan Bersenjata Lebanon]], sambil menunggu penyelidikan atas ledakan tersebut.<ref name="BBC-53664184">{{cite web |title=Beirut explosion: Updates after blast kills at least 100 people |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-middle-east-53664184 |publisher=BBC News |accessdate=5 Agustus 2020 }}</ref>
 
== Referensi ==