Operasi Burung Kondor: Perbedaan antara revisi

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{{short description|US-backed campaign of political repression in South America}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}}
{{Infobox operational plan
| name = Operation Condor
| partof = the [[Cold War]]
| image = Operation Condor participants.svg
| caption = Green: Main active members (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay)<br>Light green: Sporadic members<br>(Colombia, Peru and Venezuela)<br>Blue: Collaborator and financier (United States)
| date = 1968–1989
| scope =
| type = [[Covert operation]]
| location = South America
| planned_by ={{flag|Argentina}}<br>{{flag|Bolivia}}<br>{{flag|Brazil|1968}}<br>{{flag|Chile}}<br>{{flag|Paraguay}}<br>{{flag|Uruguay}}<br>
Supported by:<br>
{{flag|United States}}<ref name="Industrial Repression">{{cite book|last1=McSherry|first1=J. Patrice|author-link1= J. Patrice McSherry|editor1=Esparza, Marcia |editor2=Henry R. Huttenbach|editor3=Daniel Feierstein|title=State Violence and Genocide in Latin America: The Cold War Years (Critical Terrorism Studies)|chapter=Chapter 5: "Industrial repression" and Operation Condor in Latin America |pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=acGNAgAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PA107#v=onepage 107], [https://books.google.com/books?id=acGNAgAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PA111#v=onepage&q&f=false 111]|publisher=[[Routledge]]|year=2009|isbn=978-0415664578|chapter-url=https://www.routledge.com/State-Violence-and-Genocide-in-Latin-America-The-Cold-War-Years/Esparza-Huttenbach-Feierstein/p/book/9780415496377}}</ref><ref name="GregGrandin2011">[[Greg Grandin]] (2011). ''[http://www.press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/L/bo11643711.html The Last Colonial Massacre: Latin America in the Cold War]''. [[University of Chicago Press]]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=6FivSpNY2fkC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA75#v=onepage p. 75]. {{ISBN|9780226306902}}.</ref><ref name="p. 223">Walter L. Hixson (2009). ''[http://yalepress.yale.edu/book.asp?isbn=9780300119121 The Myth of American Diplomacy: National Identity and U.S. Foreign Policy]''. [[Yale University Press]]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=DNId6HxkzQwC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA223#v=onepage p. 223]. {{ISBN|0300151314}}.</ref><br>
| commanded_by ={{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Jorge Rafael Videla]]<br>{{flagicon|Bolivia}} [[Hugo Banzer]]<br>{{flagicon|Brazil|1968}} [[Ernesto Geisel]]<br>{{flagicon|Brazil|1968}} [[Costa e Silva]]<br>{{flagicon|Chile}} [[Augusto Pinochet]]<br>{{flagicon|Paraguay}} [[Alfredo Stroessner]]<br>{{flagicon|Uruguay}} [[Aparicio Méndez]]
| target = Left-wing sympathizers (including [[Left-wing]] [[Peronists]], [[communists]] and [[socialists]]) and opponents to the [[military junta]]s and [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]] governments in South America
| executed_by = Intelligence agencies of respective participating countries
| outcome = Concluded after the [[fall of the Berlin Wall]]
| casualties = 60,000–80,000 suspected leftist sympathizers killed<ref name="Ben Norton"/><br>400,000+ political prisoners<ref name="NATGEO"/>
| fatalities =
| injuries =
}}
 
 
{{terjemah|Inggris}}
'''Operasi Burung Kondor''' ({{lang-es|Operación Cóndor}}) adalah kampanye [[pembunuhan politik]] dan pengumpulan intelijen yang dinamai [[kontra-terorisme]], yang dilakukan bersama oleh badan intelijen dan keamanan [[Argentina]], [[Bolivia]], [[Brasil]], [[Chili]], [[Paraguay]], dan [[Uruguay]] pada pertengahan 1970-an. Negara-negara lain yang ikut bekerja sama, dalam tingkat yang lebih besar atau kecil di antaranya [[Kolombia]], [[Peru]] dan [[Venezuela]] yang memberikan informasi intelijen, menanggapi permintaan dari badan-badan keamanan negara-negara [[Southern Cone]]. [[Amerika Serikat]] memberikan bantuan dengan "instalasi komunikasi di Zona [[Terusan Panama]] yang diakui melalui sebuah kawat yang dikeluarkan pada [[2000]] di bawah [[proyek deklasifikasi Chili]]. [[Kenneth Maxwell]] yang membahas buku [[Peter Kornbluh]] ''Berkas Pinochet: A Declassified Dossier on Atrocity and Accountability'', dalam jurnal ''[[Foreign Affairs]]'' November/Desember 2003, menunjukkan pengaruh [[Henry Kissinger]] dalam Operasi Burung Kondor. Hampir sepuluh negara di benua Amerika ikut serta dalam kampanye brutal ini.