Air berat: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan |
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan |
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Baris 56:
| NFPA-R = 1
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'''Air berat''' adalah [[air]] (H<sub>2</sub>O) yang memiliki [[isotop]] [[hidrogen|H]]-2 ('''[[deuterium]]''').<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=IUPAC - heavy water (H02758)|url=https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/H02758|website=goldbook.iupac.org|access-date=13 Oktober 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=IUPAC - deuterium (D01648)|url=https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/D01648|website=goldbook.iupac.org|access-date=13 Oktober 2020}}</ref> Air biasa sebagian sangat besar didominasi oleh [[molekul]] dengan [[atom]] H-1 karena [[inti atom|intinya]] memiliki satu [[proton]]. Deuterium memiliki tambahan satu [[neutron]] pada intinya.
Pada air berat, deuterium mendominasi komposisi molekul-molekul air sehingga air ini memiliki massa yang lebih tinggi pada [[volume]] yang sama dibandingkan dengan air biasa.
Air berat dipakai pada [[reaktor nuklir]] sebagai pendingin.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2016-04-13|title=Water cooled reactors|url=https://www.iaea.org/topics/water-cooled-reactors|website=www.iaea.org|language=en|access-date=2020-10-13|quote=Heavy Water Reactors (HWRs) use “enriched” water, the molecules of which comprise hydrogen atoms that are made up to more than 99 per cent of deuterium, a heavier hydrogen isotope. This heavy water, used as a moderator, improves the overall neutron economy, allowing fuel to be used that does not require enrichment.}}</ref>
== Sifat ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+Sifat fisik isotopolog air<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Water properties|url=http://www1.lsbu.ac.uk/water/water_properties.html|website=www1.lsbu.ac.uk|access-date=14 Oktober 2020}}</ref>
!Sifat
!D<sub>2</sub>O (Air berat)
!HDO (Air semiberat)
!H<sub>2</sub>O (Air biasa)
|-
|[[Titik lebur|Titik beku]]
| style="text-align:center;" |3.82 °C (38.88 °F) (276.97 K)
| style="text-align:center;" |2.04 °C (35.67 °F) (275.19 K)
| style="text-align:center;" |0.0 °C (32 °F) (273.15 K)
|-
|[[Titik didih]]
| style="text-align:center;" |101.4 °C (214.5 °F) (374.55 K)
| style="text-align:center;" |100.7 °C (213.3 °F) (373.85 K)
| style="text-align:center;" |100.0 °C (212 °F) (373.15 K)
|-
|[[Massa jenis|Kepadatan]] pada [[Temperatur dan tekanan standar|STP]] (g/[[Liter|mL]])
| style="text-align:center;" |1.1056
| style="text-align:center;" |1.054
| style="text-align:center;" |0.9982
|-
|Suhu massa jenis maksimum
| style="text-align:center;" |11.6 °C
| style="text-align:center;" | -
| style="text-align:center;" |3.98 °C<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kotz|first1=John|last2=Teichel|first2=Paul|last3=Townsend|first3=John|date=2008|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a9emw3FvCrAC|title=Chemistry and Chemical Reactivity, Volume 1|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=978-0-495-38711-4|edition=7th|page=15}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=a9emw3FvCrAC&pg=PT43 Extract of page 15]</ref>
|-
|[[Kekentalan|Kekentalan dinamis]] (pada 20 °C, [[Pascal (satuan)|mPa]]·[[Second|s]])
| style="text-align:center;" |1.2467
| style="text-align:center;" |1.1248
| style="text-align:center;" |1.0016
|-
|[[Tegangan permukaan]] (pada 25 °C, [[Newton|N]]/[[Metre|m]])<!--- 1 dyn-cm = 0.1 μJ = 100 nJ --->
| style="text-align:center;" |0.07187
| style="text-align:center;" |0.07193
| style="text-align:center;" |0.07198
|-
|[[Kalor peleburan]] ([[Joule|kJ]]/[[mol]])
| style="text-align:center;" |6.132
| style="text-align:center;" |6.227
| style="text-align:center;" |6.00678
|-
|[[Entalpi penguapan|Kalor penguapan]] (kJ/mol)
| style="text-align:center;" |41.521
| style="text-align:center;" |Unverified
| style="text-align:center;" |40.657
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== Rujukan ==
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