|
'''Gerakan perangkat lunak bebas''' ([[bahasa Inggris|Inggris]]: '''''free software movement''''') adalah sebuah [[gerakan sosial]] yang bertujuan untuk memberikan kebebasan kepada pengguna komputer dengan mengganti [[perangkat lunak tak bebas]] yang bersifat membatasi hak-hak pengguna dengan [[perangkat lunak bebas]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Use Free Software |publisher=gnu.org |url=http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/use-free-software.html|}}</ref> Dalam konteks gerakan sosial, gerakan ini diklasifikasikan dalam [[gerakan sosial baru]]. Gerakan ini dimulai pada tahun [[1983]] ketika [[Richard Stallman]] meluncurkan [[Proyek GNU]].<ref>{{citePara web|title=Announcementanggota ofgerakan theini GNUpercaya projectbahwa semua pengguna perangkat lunak harus mendapatkan kebebasan seperti yang tercantum dalam |url=http://www.gnu.org/gnu/initial-announcement.html] Banyak juga yang beranggapan bahwa adalah tidak bermoral untuk melarang atau mencegah orang untuk mendapatkan kebebasan yang dibutuhkan untuk menciptakan masyarakat di mana para anggotanya saling membantu satu sama lain, dan untuk mendapatkan kontrol atas komputernya
|}}</ref> Para anggota gerakan ini percaya bahwa semua pengguna perangkat lunak harus mendapatkan kebebasan seperti yang tercantum dalam [[definisi perangkat lunak bebas]]. Banyak juga yang beranggapan bahwa adalah tidak bermoral untuk melarang atau mencegah orang untuk mendapatkan kebebasan yang dibutuhkan untuk menciptakan masyarakat di mana para anggotanya saling membantu satu sama lain, dan untuk mendapatkan kontrol atas komputernya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Why free software? |url=http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html |publisher=gnu.org|}}</ref>
<!--
Some adherents to the free software movement do not believe that [[proprietary software]] is strictly immoral.<ref>{{cite web
|title=Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism
|publisher=gnu.org
|url=http://www.fsf.org/licensing/essays/pragmatic.html
|}}</ref> They argue freedom is valuable (both socially and pragmatically) as a property of software in its own right, separate from technical quality in a narrow sense.
The free software movement also believes all software needs free [[documentation]], but does not take a strong position on other types of works.<ref>{{cite web
|title=Free Software and Free Manuals
|url=http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-doc.html
|publisher=gnu.org
|}}</ref> Members of the free software movement advocate works that serve a practical purpose should also be free.
==Actions==
===Writing and spreading free software===
The initial work of the free software movement focussed on software development.
The free software movement also rejects proprietary software, refusing to install software that does not give them the freedoms of free software. According to Stallman, "The only thing in the software field that is worse than an unauthorised copy of a proprietary program, is an authorised copy of the proprietary program because this does the same harm to its whole community of users, and in addition, usually the developer, the perpetrator of this evil, profits from it."<ref>{{cite web
|title=Transcript of Stallman on Free Software
|date=2006-03-09
|url=http://fsfeurope.org/documents/rms-fs-2006-03-09.en.html]
|publisher=FSFE
|}}</ref>
===Building awareness===
Some supporters of the free software movement take up [[public speaking]], or host a stall at software-related conferences to raise awareness of software freedom. This is seen as important since people who receive free software, but who aren't aware that it is free software, will later accept a non-free replacement or will add software which is not free software.<ref>{{cite web
|title=Transcript of Stallman speaking at WSIS
|url=http://fsfe.org/en/fellows/ciaran/ciaran_s_free_software_notes/transcript_of_rms_at_wsis_on_is_free_open_source_software_the_answer#wsis--importance-of-awareness
|publisher=Ciaran O'Riordan
|}}</ref>
===Legislation===
Political acts include campaigning against [[software patent]]s and expansions of copyright law.
[[History of Venezuela|Venezuela]], under [[Hugo Chavez]]'s presidency, implemented a free software law in January 2006. Decree No. 3,390 mandated all government agencies to migrate to free software over a two-year period.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.freesoftwaremagazine.com/articles/professional_services_venezuela/
|title=Free software liberates Venezuela
|publisher=[[Free Software Magazine]] n°10
|date=2006-02-08
|}}</ref>
Congressmen Dr [[Edgar David Villanueva]] and Jacques Rodrich Ackerman have been instrumental in introducing in Republic of Peru bill 1609 on "Free Software in Public Administration".<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Free_Software_in_Public_Agencies
|title=An English translation of the Free Software bill proposed in Peru
|}}</ref>
The incident immediately invited the attention of Microsoft Inc, Peru, whose General Manager wrote a letter to Dr Edgar David Villanueva. Dr Edgar's response received worldwide attention and is still seen as a classical piece of argumentation favouring use of Free Software in Governments.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gnu.org.pe/resmseng.html|title=Peruvian Congressmean Edgar Villanueva writing to Microsoft about free software.|}}</ref>
== Internal conflict ==
===Open source===
In 1998, some companies met to create a marketing campaign for free software which would focus on technology rather than ethics. After this [[Eric Raymond]] and [[Bruce Perens]], founded [[Open Source Initiative]] OSI, which promotes the term "[[open-source software]]" as an [[alternative term for free software]]. OSI does not agree with the free software movement's position that non-free software is a social problem or that it is unethical.<ref>[http://www.urbanophile.com/arenn/hacking/fsvos.html]</ref>
OSI advocates free software (under the name "open-source software") on the basis that it is a superior model for software development rather than it being a social or ethical issue.<ref>{{cite web
|publisher=gnu.org
|url=http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html
|title=Open Source misses the point
|}}</ref>
===Stallman and Linus===
The two most prominent people attached to the movement, [[Richard Stallman]] and [[Linus Torvalds]], have deep philosophical differences. This has fueled many dramatic news articles, but has not prevented Stallman from using Linus's kernel or Linus from using Stallman's [[GNU General Public License]].
==Measures of progress==
Some, such as [[Eric Raymond]], criticise the speed at which the free software movement is progressing, suggesting that compromises should be made for short-term gains could increase the leverage the free software movement would have for further gains.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.catb.org/~esr/writings/world-domination/world-domination-201.html
|title=ESR's "World Domination 201", on the need for more compromise by the free software movement
|}}</ref>
Others see the current progress as a success and argue that the bigger worry for the free software movement is that unnecessary compromise is being made and could make the goal harder to reach.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/use-free-software.html
|title=RMS on the progress of the movement and his worry about compromise
|}}</ref>
-->
== Lihat pula ==
* [[Yayasan Perangkat Lunak Bebas]]
| 