101955 Bennu: Perbedaan antara revisi
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| name = 101955 Bennu
| pronounced = {{IPAc-en|'|b|ɛ|n|u:}}<ref>{{
| named_after = [[Bennu]]
| image = BennuAsteroid.jpg
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'''101955 Bennu''' (designasi sementara {{mp|1999 RQ|36}})<ref name="contest" /> adalah sebuah [[asteroid tipe C]] pada kelompok [[asteroid Apollo]] yang ditemukan oleh Proyek [[Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research|LINEAR]] pada 11 September 1999. Asteroid ini dikategorikan sebagai [[objek berpotensi berbahaya]] pada [[Sentry (sistem pemantauan)|Tabel Risiko Sentry]].<ref name="risk-table" /> Bennu memiliki peluang 1-in-2,700 untuk menabrak Bumi antara tahun 2175 dan 2199.<ref name="Sentry" /><ref name = "Meteoritics" /> Nama objek ini berasal dari nama seekor burung dalam mitologi Mesir yang berkaitan dengan Matahari, penciptaan, dan reinkarnasi bernama [[Bennu]].
101955 Bennu memiliki diameter rata-rata {{convert|490|m|ft mi|abbr=on}} dan telah diamati secara ekstensif oleh radar keplanetan di [[Observatorium Arecibo]] dan antena [[NASA Deep Space Network|Deep Space Network]] di Goldstone.<ref name="Lauretta2019Nature" /><ref name="GDSCC-img" /><ref name="Hudson et al. 2000" /> Asteroid ini juga tercatat memiliki [[eksentrisitas orbit]] sebesar 0.204 dan [[magnitudo mutlak]] 20.9.
Bennu merupakan target dari misi [[OSIRIS-REx]] yang bertujuan untuk [[Misi pengembalian sampel|mengambil dan membawa sampelnya]] ke Bumi pada 2023 untuk penelitian lebih lanjut.<ref name="NYT-20160908">{{cite news |last=Corum |first=Jonathan |title=NASA Launches the Osiris-Rex Spacecraft to Asteroid Bennu |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/09/08/science/space/nasa-osiris-rex-launch.html |date=8 September 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=9 September 2016}}</ref><ref name="NYT-20160908-kc">{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=The Osiris-Rex Spacecraft Begins Chasing an Asteroid |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/09/science/nasa-launches-osiris-rex-spacecraft-to-retrieve-asteroid-pieces.html |date=8 September 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=9 September 2016}}</ref><ref name="NASA-20150331-db" /> Pada 3 Desember 2018, wahana antariksa OSIRIS-REx tiba di Bennu setelah dua tahun perjalanan.<ref name="NYT-20181203" /> Wahana antariksa tersebut kemudian mengorbit dan memetakan permukaan Bennu untuk mencari lokasi yang dapat diambil sampelnya. Selain itu, karakteristik orbit OSIRIS-REx mengelilingi Bennu dapat dianalisis untuk mendapatkan distribusi massa Bennu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.syfy.com/syfywire/welcome-to-bennu|title=Welcome to Bennu!|last=Plait|first=Phil|date=2018-12-04|website=SYFY WIRE|language=en|access-date=2018-12-05}}</ref> Pada Oktober 2020, OSIRIS-REx berhasil mendarat di Bennu dalam waktu singkat untuk mengambil sampelnya menggunakan sebuah lengan robotik.<ref name="NYT-20201020">{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=Seeking Solar System’s Secrets, NASA’s OSIRIS-REX Mission Touches Bennu Asteroid - The spacecraft attempted to suck up rocks and dirt from the asteroid, which could aid humanity’s ability to divert one that might slam into Earth. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/20/science/osiris-rex-mission.html |date=20 October 2020 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=21 Oktober 2020 }}</ref> Sampel yang diambil oleh OSIRIS-REx kemudian disimpan ke dalam sebuah kapsul untuk dikirim ke Bumi.<ref name="NASA-20201029">{{cite news |last1=Hautaluoma |first1=Grey |last2=Johnson |first2=Alana |last3=Jones |first3=Nancy Neal |last4=Morton |first4=Erin |title=Release 20-109 - NASA’s OSIRIS-REx Successfully Stows Sample of Asteroid Bennu |url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-s-osiris-rex-successfully-stows-sample-of-asteroid-bennu |date=29 October 2020 |work=[[NASA]] |accessdate=30 Oktober 2020 }}</ref><ref name="NYT-20201029">{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=NASA’s Asteroid Mission Packs Away Its Cargo. Next Stop: Earth. - The OSIRIS-REX spacecraft stowed the rock and dust it collected from Bennu, setting itself up to return the sample to our planet. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/29/science/nasa-osirix-rex-mission.html |date=29 October 2020 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=30 Oktober 2020 }}</ref>
== Pembentukan ==
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<ref name="contest">{{cite news|last1=Murphy|first1=Diane|title=Nine-Year-Old Names Asteroid Target of NASA Mission in Competition Run By The Planetary Society|url=http://www.planetary.org/press-room/releases/2013/nine-year-old-names-asteroid.html|access-date=20 Agustus 2016|publisher=The Planetary Society|date=1 Mei 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="NASA-20150331-db">{{cite web |last1=Brown |first1=Dwayne |last2=Neal-Jones |first2=Nancy |title=RELEASE 15-056 – NASA's OSIRIS-REx Mission Passes Critical Milestone |url=http://www.nasa.gov/press/2015/march/nasa-s-osiris-rex-mission-passes-critical-milestone/ |date=31 Maret 2015 |website=[[NASA]] |access-date=4 April 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="Sentry">{{cite web
| url=https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/sentry/details.html#?des=101955
| title=101955 1999 RQ36: Earth Impact Risk Summary
| publisher=Jet Propulsion Laboratory
| website=NASA
| date=25 Maret 2016
| access-date=20 Maret 2018
}}</ref>
<ref name="GDSCC-img">{{cite web
| url= http://echo.jpl.nasa.gov/~lance/1999RQ36/1999RQ36.html
| title=Goldstone Delay-Doppler Images of 1999 RQ36
| website=Asteroid Radar Research
| publisher=Jet Propulsion Laboratory
}}</ref>
<ref name="risk-table">{{cite web
| title=Sentry Risk Table
| publisher=NASA/JPL Near-Earth Object Program Office
| url=https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/sentry/
| access-date=2018-03-20
| url-status=live
| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911172609/http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/risk/
| archivedate=2016-09-11
}}</ref>
<ref name="Hudson et al. 2000">{{cite journal |author=Hudson, R. S. |author2=Ostro, S. J. |author3=Benner, L. A. M. |bibcode=2000DPS....32.0710H |title=Recent Delay-Doppler Radar Asteroid Modeling Results: 1999 RQ36 and Craters on Toutatis |journal=[[Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society]] |volume=32 |page=1001
| year=2000}}</ref>
<ref name="Meteoritics">{{cite journal|last1=Lauretta|first1=D. S.|last2=Bartels|first2=A. E.|last3=Barucci|first3=M. A.|last4=Bierhaus|first4=E. B.|last5=Binzel|first5=R. P.|last6=Bottke|first6=W. F.|last7=Campins|first7=H.|last8=Chesley|first8=S. R.|last9=Clark|first9=B. C.|last10=Clark|first10=B. E.|last11=Cloutis|first11=E. A.|last12=Connolly|first12=H. C.|last13=Crombie|first13=M. K.|last14=Delbó|first14=M.|last15=Dworkin|first15=J. P.|last16=Emery|first16=J. P.|last17=Glavin|first17=D. P.|last18=Hamilton|first18=V. E.|last19=Hergenrother|first19=C. W.|last20=Johnson|first20=C. L.|last21=Keller|first21=L. P.|last22=Michel|first22=P.|last23=Nolan|first23=M. C.|last24=Sandford|first24=S. A.|last25=Scheeres|first25=D. J.|last26=Simon|first26=A. A.|last27=Sutter|first27=B. M.|last28=Vokrouhlický|first28=D.|last29=Walsh|first29=K. J.|title=The OSIRIS-REx target asteroid (101955) Bennu: Constraints on its physical, geological, and dynamical nature from astronomical observations|journal=Meteoritics & Planetary Science|date=April 2015|volume=50|issue=4|pages=834–849|doi=10.1111/maps.12353|display-authors=2|bibcode=2015M&PS...50..834L|citeseerx=10.1.1.723.9955}}</ref>
<ref name="NYT-20181203">{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=NASA's Osiris-Rex Arrives at Asteroid Bennu After a Two-Year Journey — The spacecraft now begins a close study of the primitive space rock, seeking clues to the early solar system. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/03/science/osiris-rex-bennu-asteroid-arrival.html |date=3 Desember 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=3 Desember 2018}}</ref>
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