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'''Kepangeranan Transilvania''', dari tahun 1765 disebut '''Kepangeranan Agung Transilvania''', adalah salah satu [[tanah mahkota]] di [[Kekaisaran Austria]]<ref name="Chambers">[https://archive.org/stream/cu31924087904698#page/n543/mode/2up Chambers's Encyclopaedia Vol. IX], 1860, [[Chambers's Encyclopaedia]] based on [[Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]], 10th Edition</ref> dan [[Tanah Mahkota Hongaria|Kerajaan Hongaria]]<ref>{{Citation |last=Trócsányi |first=Zsolt |title=TRANSYLVANIA IN THE HABSBURG EMPIRE |publisher=Akadémiai Kiadó |year=2002 |url=http://mek.oszk.hu/03400/03407/html/278.html |access-date=10 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Trócsányi |first=Zsolt |title=FROM THE ENLIGHTENMENT TO REACTION UNDER EMPEROR FRANCIS (1771–1830): The Diet of 1790–91;The 'Supplex Libellus Valachorum' |publisher=Akadémiai Kiadó |year=2002 |url=http://mek.oszk.hu/03400/03407/html/329.html |access-date=10 March 2016}}</ref>H yang dikuasai oleh [[Wangsa Habsburg]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=muBPAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA162|year=1843|publisher=C. Knight|pages=162–}}</ref><ref name="LieberWigglesworth1836">{{cite book|author1=Francis Lieber|author2=Edward Wigglesworth|title=Encyclopædia Americana: A Popular Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature, History, Politics, and Biography, Brought Down to the Present Time ; Including a Copious Collection of Original Articles in American Biography ; on the Basis of the Seventh Edition of the German Conversations-Lexicon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=09IuAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA320|year=1836|publisher=Desilver, Thomas, & Company|pages=320–}}</ref><ref name="MallowsAbraham2012">{{cite book|author1=Lucy Mallows|author2=Rudolf Abraham|title=Transylvania|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yt1M3egMbWMC&pg=PA22|date=26 November 2012|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|isbn=978-1-84162-419-8|pages=22–}}</ref> Setelah kegagalan [[Perang Kemerdekaan Rákóczi]], kekuasaan Habsburg di Transilvania semakin diperkuat, dan Pangeran-Pangeran Transilvania digantikan oleh gubernur. Pada tahun 1765, [[Maria Theresia]] dan anaknya, [[Joseph II, Kaisar Romawi Suci|Joseph II]], memproklamirkan pendirian Kepangeranan Agung Transilvania dan mempertegas status khusus kawasan tersebut di monarki Habsburg.
Selama [[Revolusi Hongaria 1848]], pemerintah Hongaria memproklamirkan penyatuan dengan Transilvania berdasarkan Undang-Undang April 1848,<ref>Laszlo Péter, [https://books.google.hu/books?id=nzW8aApInY8C&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=medieval+unitary+hungary&source=bl&ots=69l66iPCsd&sig=RblDuZDhLPNA6vBUtB5uXt5sJj4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj4m-rC367LAhWpdpoKHUclA8gQ6AEIGjAA#v=onepage&q=medieval%20unitary%20hungary&f=false Hungary's Long Nineteenth Century: Constitutional and Democratic Traditions in a European Perspective], BRILL, 2012, hlm. 56</ref> tetapi tindakan ini ditentang oleh orang Rumania dan [[Sachsen Transilvania|Sachsen]] yang menjadi populasi mayoritas di Transilvania.<ref name="Chambers"/><ref name="MallowsAbraham2012"/><ref name="Hitchins1979">{{cite book|author=Keith Hitchins|title=Rumanian studies. An international annual of the humanities and social sciences. Vol. 4. 1976-1979. (Ed. Keith Hitchins)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7rwUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA32|year=1979|publisher=Brill Archive|isbn=90-04-06003-0|pages=32–}}</ref> Setelah kegagalan revolusi tersebut, [[Konstitusi Maret Austria]] menyatakan bahwa Kepangeranan Transilvania adalah tanah mahkota yang terpisah secara penuh dari Hongaria.<ref>[http://www.hoelseth.com/royalty/austria/austrianconst18490304.html Austrian Constitution of 4 March 1849]. (Section I, Art. I and Section IX., Art. LXXIV)</ref> Namun, pada tahun 1867, setelah ditetapkannya [[Ausgleich|Kompromi Austria-Hongaria]], wilayah Transilvania disatukan lagi dengan Kerajaan Hongaria.
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