Toyota Fortuner: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Didu ridwan (bicara | kontrib) Penulisan Tahun Produksi Toyota Fortuner Tag: Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler |
Penulisan tahun produksi toyota fortuner Tag: Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler |
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'''Toyota Fortuner''' adalah [[Mobil SUV]] dari [[Toyota]] produsen asal Jepang. Mobil ini telah dipasarkan sejak tahun 2004 di [[Indonesia]] dan negara Asia Tenggara lainnya. Mobil ini dibuat berdasarkan platform IMV yang terdiri dari [[Toyota Hilux]] atau disebut juga dengan Toyota Hilux Vigo di Thailand, dan [[Toyota Kijang Innova]] di Indonesia. Pada awalnya mobil ini dirakit di [[Thailand]] dan diimpor utuh (''Completely Built Up'') oleh [[Toyota-Astra Motor]] (TAM), namun pada awal tahun 2007, Toyota Fortuner sudah dirakit dalam bentuk terurai (''Completely Knock-Down'') di Indonesia dan terhitung sejak tahun 2010 menyusul ditutupnya salah satu pabrik perakitan Toyota di Bangkok maka proses perakitan Fortuner versi mesin bensin dialihkan ke Toyota Indonesia.<ref>[http://www.jpnn.com/index.php?mib=berita.detail&id=64052 JPNN Toyota Astra Motor Genjot Produksi Fortuner]</ref> Di Amerika Selatan, Fortuner dijual dengan nama '''Hilux
== {{anchor|N60}} First generation (N60; 1984) ==
<!-- use internationally understood calendar years instead of US specific model years -->
{{Infobox automobile
| name = First generation (N60)
| image = 1st Toyota 4Runner -- 01-07-2012.jpg
| aka = {{ubl
| Toyota Hilux Surf
| Toyota Hilux 4Runner
}}
| production = October 1983<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/vehicle_lineage/family_tree/index.html |title=75 Years of Toyota {{!}} Vehicle Lineage |publisher=Toyota |year=2012 |access-date=2018-07-24}}</ref> – August 1989
| model_years = 1984–1989
| class = [[Compact SUV]]
| body_style = 3-door [[station wagon|wagon]]
| assembly = Japan: [[Tahara, Aichi]]
| engine = {{ubl
| '''[[Petrol engine|Gasoline]]:'''
| 2.0 L ''[[Toyota Y engine#3Y|3Y]]'' [[I4 engine|I4]] (1984–1989)
| 2.4 L ''[[Toyota R engine#22R|22R/22R-E]]'' I4 (1984–1989)
| 2.4 L ''[[Toyota R engine#22R-TE|22R-TE]]'' [[turbo]] I4 (1986–1988)
| 3.0 L ''[[Toyota VZ engine#3VZ-E|3VZ-E]]'' [[V6]] (1988–1989)
| '''[[Diesel engine|Diesel]]:'''
| 2.4 L ''[[Toyota L engine#2L|2L]]'' I4 (1984–1989)
| 2.4 L ''[[Toyota L engine#2L-T|2L-T]]'' [[turbodiesel|turbo]] I4 (1985–1989)
}}
| transmission = {{ubl
| 4-speed [[automatic transmission|automatic]]
| 5-speed [[manual transmission|manual]]
}}
| wheelbase = {{convert|103.0|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|174.6|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|66.5|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|66.1|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| weight = {{convert|3520|-|3760|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}} (approx.)
| related = [[Toyota Hilux|Toyota Pickup]]
}}
For the first generation N60 series Hilux Surf and export specification 4Runner introduced in 1983, Toyota, instead of developing an entirely new model, modified the existing [[Toyota Hilux#N50|Hilux (N50/N60/N70)]] with short-bed pickup body. The Hilux had undergone a major redesign in 1983 for the 1984 model year. Changes included the removal of the panel with integrated rear window from behind the front seats, the addition of rear seats, and a removable fiberglass canopy. The implementation was borrowed from both the second generation [[Ford Bronco]], and the [[Chevrolet K5 Blazer]], both short-bed trucks with removable fiberglass shells over the rear sections and having bench seats installed in the back. Like the Bronco and the Blazer, the Hilux Surf/4Runner also did not have a wall attached to the front section behind front seats as the regular Hilux did. In that sense, all three vehicles were not conventional pickup trucks with a fiberglass shell included.
[[File:1987-1989 Toyota Hilux 4Runner SR5 wagon 03.jpg|thumb|left|1987–1989 Toyota 4Runner SR5 (Australia)]]
Thus, the first generation is nearly mechanically identical to the Toyota Hilux. All first generation 4Runners had two doors and were indistinguishable from the pickups from the dashboard forward. Nearly all changes were to the latter half of the body; in fact, because the rear springs were not upgraded to bear the additional weight from the rear seats and fiberglass top, these early models tended to suffer from a sagging rear suspension.
In North America, they were sold from the 1984½ [[model year]] from May 1984. For this first year (March to July 1984 production), all models were equipped with black or white fiberglass tops. An SR5 trim package was offered that upgraded the interior: additional gauges, better fabrics, and a rear seat were standard with the package. All 1984 models were equipped with the [[carburetor|carbureted]] 2.4 L [[Toyota R engine#22R|22R]] engine and were all available with a [[four-wheel-drive]] system that drove the front wheels through a solid front axle.
1985 (August 1984 production) saw the arrival of the electronically fuel-injected 2.4 L [[Toyota R engine#22R-E|22R-E]] (and 22R-EC with California emissions controls) [[I4 engine]]. This upped the horsepower numbers from 100 hp for the 22R, to 116 hp for the 22R-E Engine, though the carbureted engine remained available until 1988. Additionally, rear seats were available in all 1985 4Runner trim levels, not just the more upscale SR5.
[[File:1987-1989 Toyota Hilux 4Runner SR5 wagon 02.jpg|thumb|left|1987–1989 Toyota 4Runner SR5 (Australia)]]
[[File:Toyota Hilux Surf 001.JPG|thumb|left|1987–1989 Toyota Hilux Surf]]
[[File:1985 Toyota 4Runner, canopy off (rear left).jpg|thumb|left|1985 Toyota 4Runner with the rear canopy removed]]
In 1986, the Surf/4Runner underwent a major front suspension design change as it was changed from a [[live axle|solid front axle]] to the Hi-Trac [[independent suspension|independent front suspension]]. Track width was also increased by three inches. These changes made the trucks more comfortable on-road, and improved stability and handling. The new suspension also increased the space in the engine compartment (necessary to fit larger engines, such as the [[V6 engine|V6]] introduced in 1987) but arguably decreased the truck's off-road capabilities. The North American specification Toyota Pickup also adopted this new suspension, but the regular Hilux for other markets at this point retained the more rugged and capable, if less refined, solid axle configuration. With the 1986 update, the Surf/4Runner grille changed from the three segment type to the two segment grille. Tops were color-matched on blue, red and some gold models, while other body colors were still sold with black or white tops.
A turbocharged version of the 22R-E engine (the [[Toyota R engine#22R-TE|22R-TE]]) was also introduced in 1986, although this engine is significantly rarer than the base 22R-E. It appears that all turbocharged 4Runner models sold in the US were equipped with an [[automatic transmission]], though a five-speed [[manual transmission|manual]] could still be ordered in the turbocharged pickups. Most turbocharged 4Runners were equipped with the SR5 package, and all turbo trucks had as standard a heavier rear differential later used in the V6 model. Low-option models had a small light in the gauge cluster to indicate turbo boost, while more plush vehicles were equipped with an all-digital gauge cluster that included a boost gauge. Turbocharged and naturally aspirated diesel engines were also available in the pickups at this time as well, but it appears that no diesel-powered 4Runners were imported to the United States.
During 1984 to 1986 many 4Runners were imported to the US without rear seats. With only two seats the vehicle could be classified as a truck (rather than a sport vehicle) and could skirt the higher customs duties placed upon sport and pleasure vehicles. Most had aftermarket seats and seat belts added by North American dealers after they were imported.
In 1988, the 22R-E engine was joined by an optional 3.0 L [[V6]] engine, the [[Toyota VZ engine|3VZ-E]]. This engine was significantly larger and more powerful although not as reliable as the original 4-cylinder offering. Trucks sold with the V6 engine were equipped with the same heavy duty rear differential that was used in the turbocharged trucks, as well as a completely new transmission and transfer case; the transfer case was chain driven, although considered less rugged, created less cab noise than the old gear-driven unit used behind the four-cylinder engine.
An engine which was not used in the US market and rarely in the Japanese domestic market pickups was the 3Y engine, which was used in place of the 22R engine in New Zealand models, followed more rarely by the 4Y 2.2 L gasoline in later versions. This was a decision by Toyota New Zealand to reduce parts required to be stocked by dealers as no other Toyotas sold in New Zealand at the time utilised the R series engines.
Small cosmetic and option changes were made in 1988 for the 1989 model year, but the model was left largely untouched in anticipation of the replacement model then undergoing final development.
{{clear}}
== Generasi pertama ==
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