Bukares: Perbedaan antara revisi

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|established_title2 =
|established_date =
|area_footnotes =<ref name="INSSER">{{cite web|url = http://www.insse.ro/cms/rw/resource/populatia%20stabila%20la%201%20ianuarie%202009%20si%2018.xls?download=true|title = Populaţia stabilă la 1.01.2009|date = May 19, 2009|accessdate = May 20, 2009|publisher = INSSE|language = Rumania|archive-date = 2009-07-26|archive-url = https://www.webcitation.org/5iZ9sd9lJ?url=http://www.insse.ro/cms/rw/resource/populatia%20stabila%20la%201%20ianuarie%202009%20si%2018.xls?download=true|dead-url = yes}}</ref><ref name="urban">{{Cite web|url=http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf|title=Demographia World Urban Areas & Population Projections}}</ref>
|area_magnitude =
|area_total_km2 = 228
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'''Bukares''' ({{lang-ro|București}} {{IPA-ro|bukuˈreʃtʲ|pron|Ro-București.ogg}}, {{lang-en|Bucharest}}) adalah [[ibu kota]] dan pusat industri, budaya dan finansial [[Rumania]]. Kota ini terletak di tepi [[sungai Dâmboviţa]].
 
Kota ''București'' pertama kali disebut dalam sebuah dokumen tahun 1459. Sejak saat itu, kota ini mengalami berbagai perubahan. Bukares menjadi ibu kota Rumania pada tahun 1862 dan menjadi pusat media massa, budaya dan seni Rumania. Arsitektur Bukares merupakan gabungan dari gaya historis, komunis dan modern. Pada periode antar dua perang dunia, arsitektur kota ini membuat Bukares dijuluki sebagai "Paris Kecil di Timur" (''Micul Paris'').<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://museum.ici.ro/mbucur/english/micparis.htm|title=Institutul Național de Cercetare – Dezvoltare în Informatică|access-date=2010-04-02|archive-date=2006-02-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060221002454/http://museum.ici.ro/mbucur/english/micparis.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Meskipun banyak bangunan yang mengalami kerusakan akibat perang, gempa bumi dan program [[sistematisasi (Rumania)|sistematisasi]] [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]], banyak bangunan bersejarah yang hingga kini masih bertahan.
 
Dengan penduduk sekitar 1.628.426 jiwa<ref name=autogenerated1>{{Cite web |url=http://www.insse.ro/cms/files%5Cstatistici%5Ccomunicate%5CRPL%5CInformare_1nov2011.pdf |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2011-11-02 |archive-date=2011-11-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111114235432/http://www.insse.ro/cms/files/statistici/comunicate/RPL/Informare_1nov2011.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Bukares merupakan kota terbesar ke-6 di [[Uni Eropa]].<ref name="INSSER"/> Jika digabung bersama dengan wilayah urban, Bukares memiliki jumlah penduduk sebesar 2 juta jiwa.<ref name="urban"/><ref name="bucharest pop urban metro">{{en}} {{cite web|url=http://www.metropolregion.nuernberg.de/download/Bukarest_ME.pdf|archiveurl=httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20080226224134/http://www.metropolregion.nuernberg.de/download/Bukarest_ME.pdf|archivedate=2008-02-26|title="Bucharest: Few expectations for urban development", page 29|author=XIX Meeting of METREX Network, Nürnberg, 15–18 June 2005|format=PDF|accessdate=2007-03-07|dead-url=no}}</ref> Wilayah metropolitan Bukares sendiri berpenduduk sekitar 2.15 juta jiwa.<ref name="metro"/>
 
Bukares merupakan kota paling sejahtera di Rumania<ref>PriceWaterhouseCoopers Global [http://www.pwcglobal.com/ro/eng/ins-sol/spec-int/Regional%20Attractiveness%20Index.pdf Regional Attractiveness Report Romania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060313160507/http://www.pwcglobal.com/ro/eng/ins-sol/spec-int/Regional%20Attractiveness%20Index.pdf |date=2006-03-13 }}</ref> dan merupakan pusat industri dan transportasi di [[Eropa Timur]]. Kota ini memiliki berbagai fasilitas konvensi, pendidikan, budaya, pusat perbelanjaan dan tempat rekreasi.
 
== Sejarah ==
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[[Gereja Ortodoks Rumania|Ortodoks Rumania]] merupakan agama yang paling banyak dipeluk oleh penduduk Bukares (96.1% ). Agama lain di ''București'' adalah [[Katolik Roma]] (1.2%), [[Islam di Rumania|Islam]] (0.5%) dan [[Gereja Katolik-Yunani Rumania]] (0.4%).
 
Tingkat harapan hidup di Bukares pada tahun 2003-2005 adalah 74.14 tahun, 2 tahun lebih besar daripada rata-rata nasional. Harapan hidup perempuan di Bukares adalah 77.41 tahun, sedangkan laki-laki hanya 70.57 tahun.<ref>{{ro}} [httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20070709221252/http://www.sector3primarie.ro/portal/portal3.nsf/AllById/1.1.2.0/$FILE/Populatia+si+fenomene+demografice+pe+sectoare+administrative+ale+Municipiului+Bucuresti.PDF Populaţia şi fenomene demografice pe sectoare administrative ale Municipiului Bucureşti] (''Population and demographic phenomena by administrative sectors of the Municipality of Bucharest'')</ref>
 
== Transportasi ==
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|{{flag|Brasil}}
|[[São Paulo]]
|2000<ref name="São Paulo">{{Cite web|url=http://www2.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/secretarias/relacoes_internacionais/ingles/descentralized_cooperation/sister_cities/0001|title=Prefeitura.Sp - Descentralized Cooperation|access-date=2010-04-03|archive-date=2008-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081224222805/http://www2.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/secretarias/relacoes_internacionais/ingles/descentralized_cooperation/sister_cities/0001|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="São Paulo2">[http://www.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/cidade/secretarias/relacoes_internacionais/cidadesirmas/index.php?p=1066 International Relations - São Paulo City Hall - Official Sister Cities]</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Bulgaria}}
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|{{flag|Filipina}}
|[[Manila]]<ref name="Manila.Gov">{{cite web|url=http://www.manila.gov.ph/localgovt.htm#sistercities|title=Sister Cities of Manila|publisher=[[copyright|©]] 2008–2009 [http://www.manila.gov.ph/ City Government of Manila]|accessdate=2009-07-02|archive-date=2018-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225033732/http://manila.gov.ph/localgovt.htm#sistercities|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
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== Referensi ==
* [http://www1.pmb.ro/pmb/index_en.htm Modern history of Bucharest] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030808062837/http://www1.pmb.ro/pmb/index_en.htm |date=2003-08-08 }}, City Hall of Bucharest
* Şerban Cantacuzino, ''Două Oraşe Distincte''. Revista Secolul XX 4/6 (1997): 11–40
* Ernie Schoffham, Luminiţa MacHedon, Şerban Cantacuzino, ''Romanian Modernism: The Architecture of Bucharest, 1920–1940''
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* Tatiana Murzin, [http://www.aboutromania.com/education.html Romanian Education], 2005
* [http://portal.edu.ro/ Romanian Education Portal], Site for the Ministry of Education containing lists of all educational establishments.
* [http://museum.ici.ro/mbucur/english/micparis.htm Bucharest, the small Paris of the East] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060221002454/http://museum.ici.ro/mbucur/english/micparis.htm |date=2006-02-21 }}, on the Museums from Romania web site.
* Bucica, Cristina. {{PDFlink|[http://www.ksg.harvard.edu/kokkalis/GSW5/bucica.pdf Legitimating Power in Capital Cities: Bucharest - Continuity Through Radical Change?]|39.0&nbsp;KB}}, 2000.
 
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{{sisterlinks}}
{{wikivoyage|Bucharest}}
* [http://www1.pmb.ro/pmb/index_en.htm Bukares: Situs resmi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030808062837/http://www1.pmb.ro/pmb/index_en.htm |date=2003-08-08 }}
* [http://www.prefecturabucuresti.ro/ Prefektur Bukares]
* [http://www.ratb.ro/ Situs resmi RATB]