Kota Tua Yerusalem: Perbedaan antara revisi

Yerusalem disucikan oleh orang Yahudi sejak 3.000 tahun yang lalu, oleh orang Kristen untuk sekitar 2.000 tahun yang lalu, dan umat Islam selama 1.400 tahun. Buku Tahunan Statistik Yerusalem 2000 mendaftarkan 1.204 [[sinagoge]], 158 [[gereja]], dan 73 [[masjid]] di Kota Yerusalem.<ref name="Guinn 142">{{Cite book|title=Protecting Jerusalem's Holy Sites: A Strategy for Negotiating a Sacred Peace|url=https://archive.org/details/protectingjerusa00guin|publisher=Cambridge University Press|date=2 October 2006|edition=1st|last=Guinn|first=David E.|isbn=0-521-86662-6|page=[https://archive.org/details/protectingjerusa00guin/page/142 142]}}</ref> Dikarenakan statusnya itulah, beberapa situs dibangun di Kota Lama Yerusalem berdasarkan masing-masing agama. Berikut adalah bangunan-bangunan bersejarah yang dibangun di Kota Lama Yerusalem menurut agama.

Yerusalem (utamanya Kota Lama) adalah tempat tersuci ketiga dalam keyakinan Islam Sunni. Untuk sekitar satu tahun, sebelum secara permanen dipindahkan ke [[Ka'bah]] di [[Mekkah]], ''[[kiblat]]'' (arah [[salat]]) untuk Muslim adalah Yerusalem.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Israeli-Palestinian War: Escalating to Nowhere|last=Cordesman|first=Anthony H.|publisher=Praeger Security International|date=30 October 2005|isbn=0-275-98758-2|page=62|chapter=The Final Settlement Issues: Asymmetric Values & Asymmetric Warfare|authorlink=Anthony Cordesman}}</ref><ref>{{Cite quran|2|142|s=ns}}</ref> Kota Lama tidak lagi berpengaruh dalam beribadah umat Muslim, tetapi Kota Lama juga disucikan karena peristiwa [[Isra dan Mi'raj|Malam Kenaikan Nabi Muhammad]] (c. CE 620). Umat Muslim percaya bahwa Nabi Muhammad secara ajaib dipindahkan dalam satu malam dari [[Mekkah]] ke Kuil Gunung di Kota Lama Yerusalem, yang dinaikkan ke [[Surga]] untuk dipertemukan dengan para [[Rasul]] dan [[Nabi]] sebelumnya dan untuk menerima perintah shalat lima waktu dari Allah.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Monotheists: The Peoples of God|url=https://archive.org/details/monotheistsjewsc00pete_0|last=Peters|first=Francis E.|publisher=Princeton University Press|date=20 October 2003|isbn=0-691-11460-9|authorlink=Francis Edwards Peters|chapter=Muhammad the Prophet of God|pages=95–6[https://archive.org/details/monotheistsjewsc00pete_0/page/95 95]–6}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sahih Bukhari |url=http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/hadithsunnah/bukhari/093.sbt.html#009.093.608 |publisher=University of Southern California |work=Compendium of Muslim Texts |accessdate=9 September 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081127160919/http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/hadithsunnah/bukhari/093.sbt.html |archivedate=27 November 2008}} (from an English translation of [[Sahih al-Bukhari|Sahih Bukhari]], Volume IX, Book 93, Number 608)</ref><ref>{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|9|93|608|b=n}}</ref> Dalam [[Surah Al-Isra|''Surat al-Isra'']] ayat pertama tetcatat bahwa tujuan Nabi Muhammad adalah masjid ''al-Aqsha'' (tempat paling jauh),<ref>From [[Abdullah Yusuf Ali]]'s English translation of the [[Qur'an]]: "Glory to (Allah) Who did take His servant for a Journey by night from the Sacred Mosque to the farthest Mosque, whose precincts We did bless,- in order that We might show him some of Our Signs: for He is the One Who heareth and seeth (all things)." ([[al-Isra|17]]:1)</ref><ref>{{Cite quran|17|1|s=ns}}</ref> Dalam rujukan ke Yerusalem. Dalam [[Hadits]] tertulis bahwa sabda Nabi Muhammad, nama Yerusalem sebagai lokasi Masjid Al-Aqsha.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://haditsbukharionline.blogspot.ca/2010/11/merits-of-helpers-in-madinah-ansaar.html |title=Merits of the Helpers in Madinah (Ansaar) – Hadith Sahih Bukhari |publisher=Haditsbukharionline.blogspot.ca |accessdate=7 December 2012}}</ref> [[Masjid Al-Aqsa|Masjid Al-Aqsha]], yang disebutkan namanya dalam [[Al-Qur'an]], di bangun di Kuil Gunung di bawah Khalifah Umayyah [[Al-Walid bin Abdul-Malik|Al-Walid]] untuk memperingati tempat umat Muslim percaya bahwa Nabi Muhammad dinaikkan ke Surga.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.al-islam.org/al-miraj |title=Me'raj – The Night Ascension |publisher=Al-islam.org |accessdate=7 December 2012}}</ref>[[Berkas:Dome of the Prophet (Temple Mount, 2008).jpg|jmpl|Kubah Nabi|387x387px]]

Kristen menghormati Yerusalem Karena sejarahnya dalam [[Perjanjian Lama]], dan sebagai tempat hidupnya Yesus. Menurut [[Perjanjian Baru]], Yesus melanjutkan kehidupannya setelah kelahirannya<ref>From the [[Authorized King James Version|King James Version of the Bible]]: "And when the days of her purification according to the law of Moses were accomplished, they brought [Jesus] to Jerusalem, to present him to the Lord;" ({{luk|2|22}})</ref>.<ref>From the [[Authorized King James Version|King James Version of the Bible]]: "And they come to Jerusalem: and Jesus went into the temple, and began to cast out them that sold and bought in the temple, and overthrew the tables of the moneychangers, and the seats of them that sold doves;" ({{mrk|11|15}})</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Jerusalem in the Time of the Crusades|url=https://archive.org/details/jerusalemtimecru00boas|last=Boas|first=Adrian J.|publisher=Routledge|date=12 October 2001|isbn=0-415-23000-4|page=[https://archive.org/details/jerusalemtimecru00boas/page/112 112]|chapter=Physical Remains of Crusader Jerusalem|quote=The interesting, if not reliable illustrations of the church on the round maps of Jerusalem show two distinct buildings on Mount Zion: the church of St Mary and the Cenacle (Chapel of the Last Supper) appear as separate buildings.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=A Life of Jesus|last=Endo|first=Shusaku|authorlink=Shusaku Endo|isbn=0-8091-2319-3|year=1999|editor=Richard A. Schuchert|publisher=Paulist Press|page=116}}</ref>[[Berkas:Jerusalem Holy Sepulchre BW 24.JPG|250px|jmpl|Pintu masuk utama ke Gereja Makam Kudus|kiri]]