John F. Kennedy: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
k Lebih tepatnya "masa muda" Tag: Suntingan visualeditor-wikitext |
Add 18 books for Wikipedia:Pemastian (20210209)) #IABot (v2.0.8) (GreenC bot |
||
Baris 247:
|image = [[Berkas:Executive Order 10924 from NARA.jpg|alt=Physical text copy of the [[Executive Order]] establishing the [[Peace Corps]]|100px|jmpl|Executive Order 10924]]
}}
Salah satu keputusan pertama Kennedy sebagai presiden adalah meminta Kongres membentuk [[Korps Perdamaian]]. Saudara tirinya, [[Sargent Shriver]], menjadi direktur pertamanya.{{sfn|Dallek|2003|pp=338–339}} Melalui program ini, warga Amerika Serikat secara sukarela membantu negara-negara mundur di bidang pendidikan, pertanian, kesehatan, dan pembangunan. Organisasi ini berkembang menjadi 5.000 anggota pada Maret 1963 dan 10.000 pada tahun berikutnya.{{sfn|Schlesinger|2002|pp=606–607}} Sejak 1961, lebih dari 200.000 warga AS telah bergabung dengan Korps Perdamaian dan bekerja di 139 negara.<ref>{{cite book|last1 = Meisler|first1 = Stanley|title = When the World Calls: The Inside Story of the Peace Corps and Its First Fifty Years|url = https://archive.org/details/whenworldcallsin0000meis|publisher = Beacon Press|year = 2011|isbn = 978-0807050491}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.peacecorps.gov/index.cfm?shell=about.fastfacts |title = Peace Corps, Fast Facts |accessdate = 2012-07-14}}</ref>
==== Asia Tenggara ====
Baris 337:
{{Main|Revolusi Ramadan}}
Pada tahun 1963, pemerintahan Kennedy membantu [[Revolusi Ramadan|kudeta terhadap pemerintah Irak]] yang dipimpin [[Abdul Karim Qasim]]. Lima tahun sebelumnya, Qasim menggulingkan [[Daftar raja Irak|kerajaan Irak]] yang bersekutu dengan Barat.<ref>{{cite book|author = [[Con Coughlin|Coughlin, Con]]|page = [https://archive.org/details/saddam00conc/page/39 39]|title = Saddam: His Rise and Fall|url = https://archive.org/details/saddam00conc|location =|publisher = [[Harper Perennial]]|year = 2005|isbn = 0-06-050543-5}}</ref> Tanggal 8 Februari 1963, Kennedy menerima memo yang berisi: "Kita akan membuat tanda bersahabat tak resmi setelah kita mengetahui siapa yang harus diajak bicara, dan langsung mengakui sesaat setelah kita yakin bahwa mereka akan terus mengiringi kita. CIA punya laporan lengkap tentang rencana ini, namun saya meragukan klaim kontribusi mereka atau Britania Raya."<ref>JFK Library, Memorandum for The President from Robert W. Komer, February 8, 1963 (JFK, NSF, Countries, Iraq, Box 117, "Iraq 1/63-2/63", document 18), p. 1.</ref> CIA pernah berencana menjatuhkan Qasim, tetapi tidak terlaksana.<ref>Senate Select Committee on Intelligence (20 November 1975), [http://history-matters.com/archive/church/reports/ir/contents.htm "C. Institutionalizing Assassination: the "Executive Action" capability,"] Alleged Assassination Plots involving Foreign Leaders, p. 181.</ref>
Pemerintahan baru yang dipimpin Presiden [[Abdul Salam Arif]] dan didominasi [[Partai Ba'ath]] (bersama koalisi [[Nasseris]] dan [[nasionalis Irak]]) ini menggunakan daftar—yang kemungkinan disediakan CIA—berisi para terduga komunis dan pihak sayap kiri untuk melenyapkan banyak elit berpendidikan Irak secara sistematis.<ref name = "list">{{cite journal |first =Hanna |last =Batatu |year = |month = |title =CIA Lists Provide Basis for Iraqi Bloodbath |journal =Global Policy Forum |volume = |issue = |pages = |id =
Baris 709:
|year = 2002
|title = Collision With History: The Search for John F. Kennedy's PT 109
|url = https://archive.org/details/collisionwithhis0000ball
|publisher = National Geographic
|location = Washington, DC
Baris 774 ⟶ 775:
|origyear = 1961
|title = PT-109: John F. Kennedy in WW II
|url = https://archive.org/details/pt109johnfkenned00dono_0
|edition = 40th Anniversary
|publisher = McGraw Hill
Baris 805 ⟶ 807:
}}
* {{cite book|ref=Eagles|last=Eagles|first=Charles W.|title=The Price of Defiance: James Meredith and the Integration of Ole Miss|url=https://archive.org/details/priceofdefiancej00eagl|publisher=The University of North Carolina Press|location=[[University of North Carolina]]|year=2009|isbn=978-0-8078-3273-8}}
* {{cite book
|last = Frum
Baris 824 ⟶ 826:
|year = 1978
|title = F-111
|url = https://archive.org/details/f1110000guns
|publisher = Charles Scribner's Sons
|isbn = 0-684-15753-5
Baris 833 ⟶ 836:
|year = 1998
|title = Presidential Sex: From the Founding Fathers to Bill Clinton
|url = https://archive.org/details/presidentialsexf0000hago
|publisher = Citadel Pr.
|isbn = 978-0-806-52007-0
Baris 842 ⟶ 846:
|year = 2007
|title = Bobby and J. Edgar: The Historic Face-Off Between the Kennedys and J. Edgar Hoover That Transformed America
|url = https://archive.org/details/bobbyjedgarhisto00hers
|publisher = Basic Books
|isbn = 978-0-7867-1982-2
Baris 851 ⟶ 856:
|year = 2005
|title = U.S. Presidents Factbook
|url = https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780375720734
|publisher = Random House
|location = New York
Baris 872 ⟶ 878:
|year = 2011
|title = Berlin 1961
|url = https://archive.org/details/berlin1961kenned0000kemp
|publisher = G.P. Putnam's Sons
|location = New York
Baris 882 ⟶ 889:
|year = 2000
|title = John F. Kennedy: The Presidential Portfolio
|url = https://archive.org/details/johnfkennedypre00kenn
|publisher = PublicAffairs
|isbn = 978-1-891620-36-2
Baris 891 ⟶ 899:
|year = 2006
|title = Jack Kennedy: The Education of a Statesman
|url = https://archive.org/details/jackkennedyeduca0000leam
|publisher = W. W. Norton
|isbn = 978-0-393051-61-2
Baris 900 ⟶ 909:
|year = 2004
|title = The Kennedys: America's Emerald Kings
|url = https://archive.org/details/kennedysamericas00maie_0
|ref = harv
}}
Baris 915 ⟶ 925:
|year = 2011
|title = Jack Kennedy
|url = https://archive.org/details/jackkennedyelusi00matt
|publisher = Simon & Schuster
|isbn = 978-1-4516-3508-9
Baris 924 ⟶ 935:
|year = 2005
|title = John F. Kennedy: A Biography
|url = https://archive.org/details/johnfkennedybiog00obri
|publisher = Thomas Dunne
|isbn = 978-0-312-28129-8
Baris 945 ⟶ 957:
|year = 1993
|title = President Kennedy: Profile of Power
|url = https://archive.org/details/presidentkennedy00reev_0
|publisher = Simon & Schuster
|location = New York
Baris 977 ⟶ 990:
|authorlink = Ted Sorensen
|title = Kennedy
|url = https://archive.org/details/kennedys00sore
|publisher = Bantam
|location = New York
Baris 1.020 ⟶ 1.034:
* Collier, Peter & Horowitz, David. ''The Kennedys'' (1984)
* Cottrell, John. ''Assassination! The World Stood Still'' (1964)
* {{cite book|last = Douglass|first = James W.|authorlink = James W. Douglass|title =JFK and the Unspeakable: Why He Died and Why It Matters|url = https://archive.org/details/jfkunspeakable00doug_0|year = 2008|location=Maryknoll, N.Y|publisher = Orbis Books|isbn = 978-1-57075-755-6}}
* Fay, Paul B., Jr. ''The Pleasure of His Company'' (1966)
* Freedman, Lawrence. ''Kennedy's Wars: Berlin, Cuba, Laos and Vietnam'' (2000)
| |||