Ketuanan Melayu: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Hanamanteo (bicara | kontrib) + |
Hanamanteo (bicara | kontrib) + |
||
Baris 226:
Gatsiounis, Ioannis (2 October 2004). [http://atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/FJ02Ae05.html "Abdullah stirs a hornets' nest"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110804214511/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/FJ02Ae05.html |date=4 August 2011 }}. ''Asia Times''.</ref>
Meskipun para pendukungnya mengklaim bahwa ketuanan Melayu secara langsung berasal dari Pasal 153
=== Meritokrasi ===
Sebelum meninggalkan jabatannya, Mahathir mengutuk orang Melayu yang mengandalkan hak istimewa mereka. Abdullah melanjutkan, memperingatkan orang Melayu untuk belajar hidup tanpa tongkat penyangga atau berakhir di kursi roda. Pemerintahannya memulai praktik meritokrasi, yang telah diusulkan Mahathir untuk sementara, dan kuota penerimaan universitas dihapuskan. Namun, ada yang menuduh hal itu tidak menghapus diskriminasi dalam pendidikan. Aliran pra-universitas dibagi menjadi dua; satu kursus mempersiapkan siswa untuk ujian standar Sijil Tinggi Persekolahan Malaysia (STPM), yang berlangsung selama dua tahun, sementara yang lainnya terdiri dari berbagai kursus matrikulasi yang dinilai oleh dosen perorangan, biasanya berlangsung selama satu tahun.<ref>{{cite web|author=Badawi, Abdullah Ahmad|year=2004|url=http://www.pmo.gov.my/WebNotesApp/PMMain.nsf/0/c3a7ebf8a2bd8cfd48256f180033b236?OpenDocument|title=Moving Forward — Towards Excellence|access-date=11 November 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070912054147/http://www.pmo.gov.my/WebNotesApp/PMMain.nsf/0/c3a7ebf8a2bd8cfd48256f180033b236?OpenDocument|archive-date=2007-09-12|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Critics dismissed meritocracy as a sham, arguing that it was unfair to consider the two streams equivalent for admissions purposes. Though ostensibly open to non-Bumiputra, critics alleged that most who took matriculation were Malays.<ref>
Yeoh, Oon (4 June 2004). [http://www.sun2surf.com/articlePrint.cfm?id=3441 "Meritocracy: The truth must be well told"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050316064532/http://www.sun2surf.com/articlePrint.cfm?id=3441 |date=16 March 2005 }} . ''The Sun''.
</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Lim, Guan Eng|year=2004|url=http://dapmalaysia.org/english/lge/lge011.htm|title=Will qualified non-bumi students be sacrificed by Shafie for his defeat in UMNO?|access-date=11 November 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050907042641/http://dapmalaysia.org/english/lge/lge011.htm|archive-date =2005-09-07|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Previously, the constitutionality of Malay- or Bumiputra-only matriculation courses had been questioned, as the amended Article 153 prohibited refusal of admission to students on grounds of race alone.<ref name="trindade_lee_50"/> As a result, matriculation courses were opened to non-Bumiputra. However, some in UMNO considered meritocracy too harsh on rural Malay students, disadvantaging them compared to their urban counterparts, and called for the restoration of quotas to avoid an "uneven playing field".<ref>[http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v3/printable.php?id=144240 "Johor Umno Says Meritocracy A Form Of Discrimination"]. (9 July 2005). ''BERNAMA''.</ref>
At the 2004 UMNO General Assembly, Deputy Permanent Chairman [[Badruddin Amiruldin]] waved a book on 13 May Incident, warning: "Fifty-eight years ago we had an agreement with the other races, in which we permitted them to ''menumpang'' [reside temporarily] on this land. ... Let no one from the other races ever question the rights of Malays on this land. Don't question the religion, because this is my right on this land." Then Higher Education Minister [[Shafie Salleh]] also declared at the assembly that non-Bumiputras would never be permitted to enter the [[Universiti Teknologi MARA]] (UiTM), which is Bumiputra-only: "I will not compromise on this matter."<ref name="hornets"/><ref>Noor, Farish A. (2005). ''From Majapahit to Putrajaya: Searching for Another Malaysia'', p. 241. Silver Fish Books. {{ISBN|983-3221-05-X}}.</ref>
Then at the following year's General Assembly, Education Minister and UMNO Youth head [[Hishammuddin Hussein]] — the son of [[Tun Hussein Onn]] — brandished the ''[[Kris|keris]]'' while calling for the restoration of the NEP as part of the National Development Policy (NDP) that Mahathir had initiated.<ref>The flag of UMNO also contains the keris symbol.</ref> According to Hishammuddin, the ''keris'' symbolised the role of UMNO Youth in championing the Malay race. Meanwhile, his deputy, [[Khairy Jamaluddin]] — Abdullah Badawi's [[son-in-law]] — discussed the revival of the NEP in the form of a separate entity titled as the [[New National Agenda]] (NNA).<ref>
Kumar, R. Surenthira & Yusop, Husna (29 July 2005). [http://sun2surf.com/article.cfm?id=10420 Rebranding the NEP] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208022546/http://sun2surf.com/article.cfm?id=10420 |date=8 December 2008 }} . ''The Sun''.
</ref> Hishammuddin would later describe the ''keris'' as a "unifying symbol", stating that "The young people today no longer see it as a symbol to uphold ''ketuanan Melayu''."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malaysia-today.net/Blog-n/2006/08/hishammuddin-keris-is-unifying-symbol.htm|title=Hishammuddin: Keris is a unifying symbol|date=27 August 2006|work=New Straits Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060902012907/http://www.malaysia-today.net/Blog-n/2006/08/hishammuddin-keris-is-unifying-symbol.htm|archive-date=2006-09-02|url-status=dead}}</ref>
== Pemerintahan Najib ==
| |||