Hilal Subur: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Hilal Subur''', atau disebut juga daerah '''Bulan Sabit Subur''', adalah suatu kawasan berbentuk [[bulan sabit]] yang mengandung tanah basah dan subur di antara tanah gersang atau semigersang di [[Asia Barat]], dan di [[lembah sungai Nil]] serta [[delta sungai Nil]] di [[Afrika]] Timur Laut. Istilah "Hilal Subur" dicetuskan oleh [[arkeolog]] [[Universitas Chicago]], James Henry Breasted, dalam karyanya ''[[Ancient Records of Egypt]]'', diterbitkan tahun 1906.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last= |first= |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |editor= |encyclopedia=Columbia Encyclopedia |title=Fertile Crescent |url=http://education.yahoo.com/reference/encyclopedia/entry/FertileC |accessdate=2008-09-23 |edition= |date= |year=2008 |publisher=Columbia University Press |volume= |location= |id= |doi= |pages= |quote= |archive-date=2007-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070515111150/http://education.yahoo.com/reference/encyclopedia/entry/FertileC |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>Many sources claim that the term "fertile crescent" was coined by James Henry Breasted; however, those sources disagree about the date when the term was coined. Some claim 1916; others, 1914; still others, 1906. The 1916 claim is based on Breasted's text book for high school students, ''Ancient Times''. (See: James Henry Breasted, ''Ancient Times, a History of the Early World'' (New York, New York: Ginn and Co., 1916), [http://books.google.com/books?id=vwZqAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA101#v=onepage&q&f=false page 101].) However, the term previously appeared in 1914 in Breasted's book, ''Outlines of European History, Part I''. (See: James Henry Breasted and James Harvey Robinson, ''Outlines of European History, Part I'' (New York, New York: Ginn and Co., 1914), [http://books.google.com/books?id=gT0iAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA56#v=onepage&q&f=false p. 56].) Both of these claims must be wrong because in 1912 Henry T. Fowler used the term in his book, ''A History of the Literature of Ancient Israel'' … . (See: Henry Thatcher Fowler, ''A History of the Literature of Ancient Israel from the Earliest Times to 135 B.C.'' (New York, New York: Macmillan Co., 1912), [http://books.google.com/books?id=X6sOAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA2#v=onepage&q&f=false p. 2]: " … civilized Semites controlled the entire fertile crescent of territory extending from the Persian Gulf to the borders of Egypt, … .") The 1906 claim is based on Breasted's five books titled ''Ancient Records of Egypt'' ; however, no source cites the volume or page number(s) in which the term appears.</ref> Kawasan tersebut ia sebut demikian karena tanahnya yang subur dan bentuknya menyerupai [[hilal]]. Istilah itu mulanya dipakai dalam studi [[sejarah kuno]], kini konsepnya berkembang dalam ruang lingkup [[geopolitik]] dan [[hubungan diplomatis]].