Shengnü: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''''Shengnü''''' ({{Lang-zh|s=[[wikt:剩女|剩女]]|p=shèngnǚ}}; terjemahan umum: "wanita sisa" atau "perempuan sisa") adalah sebuah [[istilah ejekan]] yang dipopulerkan oleh [[Federasi Wanita Seluruh Tiongkok]] tentang klasifikasi wanita yang masih belum menikah pada usia akhir dua puluh tahunan atau lebih.<ref name=BBC>{{cite news |last=Magistad |first=Mary Kay |date=20 February 2013 |title=BBC News - China's 'leftover women', unmarried at 27 |work=[[BBC News]] |location=Beijing |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-21320560 |accessdate=29 March 2013}}</ref><ref name=DM>{{cite news |last=Simpson |first=Peter |date=21 February 2013 |title=The 'leftover' women: China defines official age for females being left on the shelf as 27 |work=[[Mail Online]] |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2282249/The-leftover-women-China-defines-official-age-females-left-shelf-27.html |accessdate=29 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Sebag-Montefiore |first=Clarissa |date=21 August 2012 |title=Romance With Chinese Characteristics |publisher=[[The New York Times]] |url=http://latitude.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/08/21/romance-with-chinese-characteristics/?_r=0 |accessdate=2013-12-24}}</ref><ref name="TCD3">{{cite news|url=http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/weekly/2012-11/30/content_15972982.htm|title=The marry-by date outlives its usefulness|date=30 November 2012|author=He Fing|publisher=''[[The China Daily]]''|accessdate=2015-03-12}}</ref> Istilah tersebut banyak dipakai di [[Tiongkok]], termasuk program dan pengarahan yang disponsori negara, selain juga dipakai untuk menyebut wanita di sepanjang [[Asia]], [[India]], dan [[Amerika Utara]].<ref name=PULITZER>{{cite news |last=Lee |first=Deborah Jian |author2=Sushima Subramanian |date=17 October 2011 |title=China's Educated Women Can't Find Eligible Men |work=[[Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting]] |location=China |url=http://pulitzercenter.org/reporting/china-women-marriage-education-employment |accessdate=29 March 2013}}</ref><ref name=PD>{{cite news |last=HuangJin |first=Chen Lidan |date=26 February 2013 |script-title=zh:中国"剩女"现象引热议 国外网友称欲学中文来中国 |work=[[People's Daily]] |language=zh |trans-title=China's 'leftover women' phenomenon arouses heated debate in West |url=http://www.zj.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/sociology/2013-02/23/c_114777483.htm |accessdate=23 April 2013 |archive-date=2013-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602215159/http://www.zj.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/sociology/2013-02/23/c_114777483.htm |dead-url=yes }} – [http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90882/8144310.html English]</ref> Istilah tersebut banyak dipakai di media umum dan telah menjadi subyek dari beberapa serial televisi, majalah dan artikel surat kabar, dan publikasi buku yang berfokus pada aspek baik dan buruk dari istilah tersebut dan budaya sekitarnya.<ref name=UCDM>{{cite news |last1=Ng |first1=Valerie |last2=Nilsson |first2=Erik |date=12 February 2012 |title=Much ado about shengnu |publisher=''[[The China Daily]]'' |url=http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/epaper/2014-02/12/content_17279212.htm |accessdate=2014-04-16}}</ref> Xu Xiaomin dari ''[[The China Daily]]'' menyebut ''shengnü'' merupakan "sepasukan sosial yang diperhitungkan" sementara yang lainnya berpendapat bahwa istilah tersebut harus dianggap positif sebagai pengartian "wanita sukses".<ref name=TID>{{cite news |last=Pratten |first=Nyima |date=19 March 2013 |title=Don't pity China's 'leftover women', they've got more going for them than you realise |work=[[The Independent]] |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/dont-pity-chinas-leftover-women-theyve-got-more-going-for-them-than-you-realise-8536872.html |accessdate=29 March 2013}}</ref><ref name="TNYT2">{{cite news |last=Schott |first=Ben |date=15 March 2010 |title=Leftover Ladies & 3S Women |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=http://schott.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/03/15/leftover-ladies-3s-women/ |accessdate=29 March 2013}}</ref> Istilah [[slang]], '''''3S''''' atau '''''3S Women''''', yang artinya "''single, seventies (1970s), and stuck''" ("lajang, tujuh puluhan (1970an), dan tersangkut") juga dipakai untuk menggantikan ''shengnü''.<ref name="TNYT2" /><ref name=CNN1>{{cite news |last=Yao |first=Joanne |date=13 August 2010 |title=Love letters: The A, B, C and D of finding 'the one' in Shanghai |work=[[CNN]] |url=http://travel.cnn.com/shanghai/life/shanghai-finding-one-be-increasingly-difficult-480809 |accessdate=29 March 2013}}</ref> Istilah setara untuk pria, ''guang gun'' ([[wikt:光棍|光棍]]) yang artinya cabang tunggal, dipakai untuk menyebut pria yang belum menikah dan belum bisa menambahkan 'cabang-cabang' pada [[pohon keluarga]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Asian demography: The flight from marriage |date=20 August 2011 |work=[[The Economist]] |location=Seoul and Taipei |url=http://www.economist.com/node/21526329 |accessdate=18 April 2013}}</ref> Secara bersamaan, ''shengnan'' (剩男) atau "pria sisa" juga dipakai.<ref name="TNYT2" /><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2010-04/24/content_9770152.htm|title=The Dating game by Jiangsu TV|newspaper=[[China Daily]]|date=2010-04-24|author=Lin Qi|accessdate=2017-07-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.lintellettualedissidente.it/filosofia/amore-appuntamenti-cina/|title=Amore con appuntamento: delirio occidentale a Chinatown|newspaper=L'Intellettuale Dissidente|author=di Francesco Pietrobelli|date=20 June 2017|language=it|accessdate=2017-07-10}}</ref>

Istilah serupa lainnya yang masih dipakai pada zaman modern di negara-negara dan budaya-budaya lain yang menunjukkan konsep tersebut telah ada semenjak abad ke-16. Istilah ''spinster'' ([[perawan tua]]) dipakai untuk menyebut wanita lajang atau belum menikah dari [[usia pernikahan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://machaut.uchicago.edu/?action=search&word=spinster&resource=Webster%27s&quicksearch=on|title=Spinster|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]'s Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913 + 1828)|accessdate=29 March 2013|archive-date=2014-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222143358/http://machaut.uchicago.edu/?action=search&word=spinster&resource=Webster%27s&quicksearch=on|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Ini terjadi sampai 2004 saat [[Civil Partnership Act]] mengganti kata ''spinster'' dengan "''single''" (lajang) dalam bagian sejarah hubungan sertifikasi pernikahan di Britania Raya.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/4141996.stm|title=R.I.P Bachelors and Spinsters|publisher=''[[BBC]]''|date=14 September 2004|accessdate=2015-07-11}}</ref> Kemudian, pada puncak [[Revolusi Industri]], istilah ''surplus women''/[[wanita surplus]] dipakai untuk menyebut keberadaan wanita yang belum menikah di Britania.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-481882/Condemned-virgins-The-million-women-robbed-war.html|title=Condemned to be virgins: The two million women robbed by the war|last=Cable|first=Amanda|date=15 September 2007|work=[[Mail Online]]|accessdate=29 March 2013}}</ref>