Vaksin: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Terdapat beberapa cara baru dalam pengembangan pada sistem pemberian vaksin, yang diharapkan akan lebih efisien dalam pemberiannya. Metode-metode yang mungkin termasuk [[liposome]] dan ''[[ISCOM]]'' (immune stimulating complex).<ref>{{cite journal |author= Morein B, Hu KF, Abusugra I |title= Current status and potential application of ISCOMs in veterinary medicine |journal= Adv Drug Deliv Rev |volume=56 |issue=10 |pages=1367–82 |year=2004 |pmid=15191787 |doi=10.1016/j.addr.2004.02.004}}</ref>
Sistem pemberian vaksin yang baru adalah pemberian melalui oral, seperti vaksin polio (juga vaksin kolera). Dengan pemberian melalui oral, maka tidak ada risiko mengkontaminasi darah. Vaksin oral padatan telah terbukti lebih stabil dan tak perlu terlalu dibekukan; kestabilan mengurangi kebutuhan pendinginan terus menerus, yang biasanya pada rentang suhu tertentu tergantung produsennya, yang pada akhirnya mengurangi biaya keseluruhan.<ref>{{cite book|title =Biotechnology Fundamentals |author= Firdos Alam Khan| publisher=CRC Press| url=https://books.google.com/?id=-s5oRDUuMSIC&pg=PA270&dq=Oral+vaccines+are+likely+to+be+solid+which+have+proven+to+be+more+stable+and+less+likely+to+freeze#v=onepage&q=Oral%20vaccines%20are%20likely%20to%20be%20solid%20which%20have%20proven%20to%20be%20more%20stable%20and%20less%20likely%20to%20freeze&f=false|page =270|isbn= 978-1439820094|date= 2011-09-20}}</ref>
Vaksin tanpa menggunakan jarum (dengan ''nanopatch'') juga sedang dikembangkan oleh WHO.<ref>[[World Health Organization|WHO]] to trial Nanopatch needle-free delivery system| [[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]], 16 Sep 2014| {{cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-09-16/vaxxas-says-needle-free-polio-vaccine-a-game-changer/5748072 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-09-15 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402210010/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-09-16/vaxxas-says-needle-free-polio-vaccine-a-game-changer/5748072 |archivedate=2015-04-02 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Australian scientists develop 'needle-free' vaccination|url=http://www.smh.com.au/technology/sci-tech/needleless-trial-set-for-start-20130417-2i0qw.html|publisher=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=18 August 2013|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925012246/http://www.smh.com.au/technology/sci-tech/needleless-trial-set-for-start-20130417-2i0qw.html|archivedate=25 September 2015|df=}}</ref><ref>Vaxxas raises $25m to take Brisbane's Nanopatch global| [[BRW (magazine)|Business Review Weekly]], 10 February 2015 |{{cite web |url=http://www.brw.com.au/p/tech-gadgets/brisbane_nanopatch_the_reverse_brain_DPyEGHC1ih6919r8X37SdO |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-03-05 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316002836/http://www.brw.com.au/p/tech-gadgets/brisbane_nanopatch_the_reverse_brain_DPyEGHC1ih6919r8X37SdO |archivedate=2015-03-16 |df= }}</ref> Selama kurun waktu 2019-2021, dengan adanya pandemi COVID-19, pemerintah terus mencanangkan program vaksinasi yang mendukung beberapa kegiatan transasi dari
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