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[[File:Pedro Berruguete Saint Dominic Presiding over an Auto-da-fe 1495.jpg|thumb|''Santo Dominikus Guzmán memimpin Auto da fe'', lukisan karya [[Pedro Berruguete]] (''[[circa|ca.]]'' 1495).<ref name="Prado">
[http://www.museodelprado.es/en/the-collection/online-gallery/on-line-gallery/obra/saint-dominic-presides-over-an-auto-da-fe/?no_cache=1 ''Saint Dominic Guzmán presiding over an Auto da fe''], [[Museum Prado Museum]]. Temu balik tanggal 26 Agustus 2012</ref> Banyak lukisan yang menggambarkan penyiksaan dan pelaksanaan [[eksekusi pembakaran|pidana bakar hidup-hidup]] dalam ''[[auto-da-fé]]'' (frasa Portugis yang berarti "tindakan iman").<ref name=secrets>{{Cite web|title=Secrets of the Spanish Inquisition Revealed|url=https://www.catholic.com/magazine/print-edition/secrets-of-the-spanish-inquisition-revealed|access-date=2020-10-04|website=Catholic Answers}}</ref>]]
Pada Abad Pertengahan, baik wilayah negara Portugal maupun wilayah Spanyol terdiri atas daerah-daerah berkebhinekaan budaya dengan pengaruh Islam dan Yahudi yang direbut kembali dari [[Al-Andalus|daulat Islam]].<!--, and the new Christian authorities could not assume that all their subjects would suddenly become and remain orthodox Roman Catholics. So the Inquisition in [[Iberian Peninsula|Iberia]], in the lands of the [[Reconquista]] counties and kingdoms like [[Kingdom of León|León]], [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]], and [[Kingdom of Aragon|Aragon]], had a special socio-political basis as well as more fundamental religious motives.<ref name=secrets/>
 
In some parts of Spain towards the end of the 14th century, there was a wave of violent [[anti-Judaism]], encouraged by the preaching of [[Ferrand Martinez]], [[Archdeacon]] of [[Écija]]. In the [[pogrom]]s of June 1391 in Seville, hundreds of Jews were killed, and the [[synagogue]] was completely destroyed. The number of people killed was also high in other cities, such as [[Córdoba, Spain|Córdoba]], [[Valencia]], and Barcelona.<ref>Kamen, ''Spanish Inquisition'', p. 17. Kamen cites approximate numbers for Valencia (250) and Barcelona (400), but no solid data about Córdoba.</ref>