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{{Main|Stawirawada}}
Dari isi kitab [[kalama Sutta|Kalamasutra]] (Wejangan kepada Puak Kalama), dapat diketahui bahwa [[Siddhartha Gautama|Sang Buddha Gautama]] menentang sikap percaya membabi buta kepada kitab-kitab suci maupun asas-asas [[dogma|dogmatis]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.accesstoinsight.org/ati/tipitaka/an/an03/an03.065.than.html|title=Kalama Sutta: To the Kalamas|website=[[Access to Insight]] |publisher= Barre Center for Buddhist Studies|language=en|access-date=2018-03-14}}</ref> Di lain pihak, [[agama Buddha]] aliran [[Stawirawada]] sangat mengutamakan kitab suci [[Kanon Pāli|Tripitaka bahasa Pali]] berikut ulasan-ulasannya, semisal kitab [[Visuddhimagga|Wisudimarga]] (Jalan Pemurnian). Karena dikenal sangat konservatif, terutama di bidang ilmu dan pengamalan [[vinaya|Winaya]] (tata tertib [[sangha|Sangga]]), aliran Stawirawada dianggap sebagai aliran yang paling ortodoks di dalam agama Buddha.
 
=== Agama Hindu ===
{{Main|Agama Hindu Ortodoks}}
{{See also|Āstika anddan nāstika}}▼
Tidak ada ortodoksi di dalam [[agama Hindu]],<ref>{{Cite document|title=The Human Icon: A Comparative Study of Hindu and Orthodox Christian Beliefs|doi=10.1111/rirt.13458}}</ref> karena kata ''Hindu'' itu sendiri merupakan sebutan kolektif bagi berbagai keyakinan anutan masyarakat yang mendiami daerah Lembah [[Sungai Indus|Sungai Sindu]], tunas [[Peradaban Lembah Sungai Indus|Peradaban Lembah Sungai Sindu]]. Agama Hindu merupakan sintesis ajaran-ajaran ribuan [[guru (agama dharma)|''guru'']], yakni tokoh-tokoh yang disamakan pihak-pihak di luar agama Hindu dengan nabi-nabi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://altlib.org/item/githa-vahini/|title=Githa Vahini|website=altlib.org|access-date=2020-07-07}}</ref> Agama Hindu juga tidak memiliki tokoh pendiri maupun kewenangan atau kuasa memerintah, tetapi hanya anjuran-anjuran. Istilah agama Hindu yang paling dekat dengan istilah ''ortodoksi'' mengandung makna tradisi-tradisi yang "berterima umum", bukan "kesesuaian dengan suatu doktrin". Sebagai contoh, istilah agama Hindu yang disamakan para penganut agama-agama Timur Tengah dengan ''doktrin'' adalah [[Sanātanī|Sanatana Dharma]], yang paling banter dapat diterjemahkan menjadi "tradisi-tradisi yang sudah ada sejak purbakala", dan oleh karena itu menunjukkan bahwa tradisi-tradisi tersebut diterima bukan melalui doktrin dan paksaan melainkan melalui uji adopsi dan retensi berdasarkan atrisi lingkungan selama beribu-ribu tahun.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://science.jrank.org/pages/10548/Orthodoxy-Hinduism.html|title=Orthodoxy in Hinduism|website=science.jrank.org|access-date=2020-07-07}}</ref>
 
=== Agama Islam ===▼
{{Main|Sunni IslamSuni}}▼
Islam [[Sunni IslamSuni]] isadakalanya sometimes referred to asdisebut "orthodoxIslam IslamOrtodoks".<ref>{{cite book|author1=John Richard Thackrah|title=Dictionary of Terrorism|date=5 Sep 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-16595-6|page=252|edition=2, revisedrevisi}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Nasir|editor1-first=Jamal J.|title=The Status of Women Under Islamic Law and Modern Islamic Legislation|date=2009|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9789004172739|page=11|edition=revisedrevisi}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=George W. Braswell|title=What You Need to Know about Islam & Muslims|date=2000|publisher=B&H Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-8054-1829-3|page=62|edition=illustratedberilustrasi}}</ref> HoweverMeskipun demikian, othersarjana-sarjana scholarslain ofyang Islam,mempelajari suchagama Islam assemisal [[John Burton (academicakademisi)|John Burton]] believeyakin thatbahwa theretidak isada noyang such thing asnamanya "orthodoxIslam IslamOrtodoks."<ref>Burton, John. 1996. ''An Introduction to the Hadith''. Edinburgh: [[Edinburgh University Press]]. phlm. 201: "SunniSuni: OfDari oratau pertainingsesuai ''sunnasunah'', especially theteristimewa ''SunnaSunah'' ofNabi. theDigunakan Prophet.sebagai Usedlawan indari consciousSyiah. oppositionKarena totidak Shi'a,ada Shi'í.eklesia Thereatau beingmagisterium noterpusat, ecclesiamaka ortidak centralizedtepat magisterium,jika thediterjemahkan translationmenjadi 'orthodoxortodoks' is inappropriate. ToBagi theumat Muslimislam, 'unorthodoxtidak ortodoks' impliesberarti hereticalbidat, ''mubtadi'', fromdari kata ''bid'aah'', thelawan contrary ofdari ''sunnasunah'', andjadi soberarti 'innovationinovasi'."</ref>▼
 
=== Agama Kristen ===
{{Main|Gereja Ortodoks Oriental|Gereja Ortodoks Timur|Gereja Ortodoks Ritus Barat}}
[[File:Nicaea icon.jpg|thumb|[[Syahadat Nikea]] umum dipakai sebagai alat uji ortodoksi di dalam agama Kristen]]
Dalam makna Kristen klasiknya, istilah ''ortodoks'' mengacu kepada seperangkat doktrin yang dianut [[Gereja perdana|umat Kristen perdana]]. [[konsili oikumenis|Konsili-konsili ekumene]] yang terselenggara dalam rentang waktu beberapa abad merupakan usaha untuk membakukan doktrin-doktrin tersebut. Hasil yang terpenting dari usaha pembakuan ini keputusan-keputusan berkenaan dengan doktrin [[Homoousion]] yang diusung [[Athanasius|Atanasius]] dan [[Eustatius dari Antiokhia|Eustatius]] ([[Tritunggal|Tritunggalisme]]) maupun doktrin [[Heteroousion]] yang diusung [[Arius]] dan [[Eusebius dari Nikomedia|Eusebius]] ([[Arianisme]]). Doktrin Homoousion, yang mendefinisikan Yesus sebagai Allah sekaligus manusia di dalam kanon-kanon [[Konsili Efesus]] tahun 431, menjadi doktrin yang berjaya di dalam Gereja, dan disebut sebagai ''ortodoksi'' dalam berbagai konteks Kristen karena merupakan pandangan para Bapa Gereja terdahulu serta dikukuhkan kembali dalam konsili-konsili ekumene. [[Anti-Tritunggal|Umat Kristen Antitritunggal]] (Nontrinitarian) adalah kelompok minoritas yang menolak doktrin ini.
 
Sesudah [[Skisma Timur-Barat|Skisma Akbar]] tahun 1054, baik Gereja Katolik maupun [[Gereja Ortodoks Timur]] masing-masing menganggap diri sendiri sebagai satu-satunya pihak yang ''ortodoks'' sekaligus ''[[kekatolikan|''katolik'']].<!-- [[Augustine]] wrote in ''On True Religion'': "Religion is to be sought…only among those who are called Catholic or orthodox Christians, that is, guardians of truth and followers of right."<ref>{{cite book|last1=Dulles S.J.|first1=Avery|url=https://www.amazon.com/Orthodox-Imperative-Selected-Essays-Cardinal-ebook/dp/B008R551PO|title=The Orthodox Imperative: Selected Essays of Avery Cardinal Dulles, S.J.|publisher=First Things Press|year=2012|editor1-last=Reno|editor1-first=R.R.|edition=Kindle|pages=224}}</ref> Over time, the Western Church gradually identified with the "Catholic" label, and people of Western Europe gradually associated the "Orthodox" label with the Eastern Church (in some languages the "Catholic" label is not necessarily identified with the Western Church). This was in note of the fact that both Catholic and Orthodox were in use as ecclesiastical adjectives as early as the 2nd and 4th centuries respectively.▼
 
Lama sebelum Skisma Akbar, Gereja-[[Gereja Ortodoks Oriental]] berpisah dari golongan [[Kristen Kalsedon]] selepas penyelenggaraan [[Konsili Kalsedon]] tahun 451 akibat berbeda pandangan soal [[Kristologi|kodrat Kristus]].{{sfn|Meyendorff|1989|p=}} Sejak saat itu, Gereja-Gereja Ortodoks Oriental melestarikan ''orthodox'' designation as a symbol of their theological traditions.{{sfn|Krikorian|2010|p=}}▼
 
▲Sesudah [[Skisma Timur-Barat|Skisma Akbar]] tahun 1054, baik Gereja Katolik maupun [[Gereja Ortodoks Timur]] masing-masing menganggap diri sendiri sebagai satu-satunya pihak yang ''ortodoks'' sekaligus ''[[kekatolikan|''katolik'']].<!-- [[AugustineAgustinus dari Hippo|Agustinus]] wrotemengemukakan indi dalam makalahnya, ''OnPerihal TrueAgama ReligionSejati'':, bahwa "Religionagama ishendaknya todicari be... sought…onlyhanya amongdi thoseantara whoorang-orang areyang calleddisebut Catholicumat orKristen orthodoxKatolik Christians,atau thatumat is,Kristen guardiansyang ofortodoks, truthyakni andpengawal-pengawal followerskebenaran ofdan pengikut-pengikut rightkesahihan."<ref>{{cite book|last1=Dulles S.J.|first1=Avery|url=https://www.amazon.com/Orthodox-Imperative-Selected-Essays-Cardinal-ebook/dp/B008R551PO|title=The Orthodox Imperative: Selected Essays of Avery Cardinal Dulles, S.J.|publisher=First Things Press|year=2012|editor1-last=Reno|editor1-first=R.R.|edition=Kindle|pages=224}}</ref> OverSeiring timewaktu berlalu, theGereja WesternBarat Churchlambat graduallylaun identifiedidentik withdengan thelabel "CatholicKatolik" label, anddan peoplemasyarakat ofEropa WesternBarat Europelambat graduallylaun associatedmelekatkan thelabel "OrthodoxOrtodoks" labelpada withGereja the Eastern ChurchTimur (indalam somebeberapa languagesbahasa, thelabel "CatholicKatolik" label is not necessarilytidak identifiedharus withidentik thedengan WesternGereja ChurchBarat)., Thisberpangkal wasdari inkenyataan notebahwa ofistilah the''katolik'' factdan that''ortodoks'' bothmasing-masing Catholicdipakai andsebagai Orthodoxkata weresifat ingerejawi usesejak asabad ecclesiasticalke-2 adjectivesdan asabad early as the 2nd and 4th centuries respectivelyke-4.
===Hinduism===
{{Main|Orthodox Hinduism}}
▲{{See also|Āstika and nāstika}}
Orthodoxy does not exist in [[Hinduism]],<ref>{{Cite document|title=The Human Icon: A Comparative Study of Hindu and Orthodox Christian Beliefs|doi=10.1111/rirt.13458}}</ref> as the word ''Hindu'' itself collectively refers to the various beliefs of people who lived beyond the [[Indus River|Sindhu river]] of the [[Indus Valley Civilization]]. It is a synthesis of the accepted teachings of each of thousands of [[guru]]s, who others equate to prophets,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://altlib.org/item/githa-vahini/|title=Githa Vahini|website=altlib.org|access-date=2020-07-07}}</ref> and has no founder, no authority or command, but recommendations. The term most equivalent to orthodoxy at best has the meaning of "commonly accepted" traditions rather than the usual meaning of "conforming to a doctrine", for example, what people of middle eastern faiths attempt to equate as doctrine in Hindu philosophies is [[Sanātanī|Sanatana Dharma]], but which at best can be translated to mean "ageless traditions", hence denoting that they are accepted not through doctrine and force but through multi-generational tests of adoption and retention based on circumstantial attrition through millennia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://science.jrank.org/pages/10548/Orthodoxy-Hinduism.html|title=Orthodoxy in Hinduism|website=science.jrank.org|access-date=2020-07-07}}</ref>
 
▲Lama sebelum Skisma Akbar terjadi, Gereja-[[Gereja Ortodoks Oriental]] berpisah dari golongan [[Kristen Kalsedon]] selepas penyelenggaraan [[Konsili Kalsedon]] tahun 451 akibat berbeda pandangan soal [[Kristologi|kodrat Kristus]].{{sfn|Meyendorff|1989|p=}} Sejak saat itu, Gereja-Gereja Ortodoks Oriental melestarikan sebutan ''orthodoxortodoks'' designationsebagai aslambang a symbol of theirtradisi-tradisi theologicalteologis traditionsmereka.{{sfn|Krikorian|2010|p=}}
▲===Islam===
▲{{Main|Sunni Islam}}
▲[[Sunni Islam]] is sometimes referred to as "orthodox Islam".<ref>{{cite book|author1=John Richard Thackrah|title=Dictionary of Terrorism|date=5 Sep 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-16595-6|page=252|edition=2, revised}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Nasir|editor1-first=Jamal J.|title=The Status of Women Under Islamic Law and Modern Islamic Legislation|date=2009|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9789004172739|page=11|edition=revised}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=George W. Braswell|title=What You Need to Know about Islam & Muslims|date=2000|publisher=B&H Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-8054-1829-3|page=62|edition=illustrated}}</ref> However, other scholars of Islam, such as [[John Burton (academic)|John Burton]] believe that there is no such thing as "orthodox Islam."<ref>Burton, John. 1996. ''An Introduction to the Hadith''. Edinburgh: [[Edinburgh University Press]]. p. 201: "Sunni: Of or pertaining ''sunna'', especially the ''Sunna'' of the Prophet. Used in conscious opposition to Shi'a, Shi'í. There being no ecclesia or centralized magisterium, the translation 'orthodox' is inappropriate. To the Muslim 'unorthodox' implies heretical, ''mubtadi'', from ''bid'a'', the contrary of ''sunna'', and so 'innovation'."</ref>
 
===Judaism Agama Yahudi ===
{{Main|OrthodoxYahudi JudaismOrtodoks}}
Agama [[OrthodoxYahudi JudaismOrtodoks]] isadalah asebutan collectivekolektif termuntuk forcabang-cabang thetradisionalis traditionalist branches ofdari [[Judaismagama Yahudi]], whichyang seekberusaha tomempertahankan fullysegenap maintainkeyakinan thedan receivedpengamalan Jewishagama beliefsYahudi andwarisan observances and which coalesced inleluhur, oppositiondan toyang thebersatu variousmenentang challengesberbagai oftantangan [[modernitymodernitas]] anddan [[secularizationsekularisasi]]. <!--[[Theology|Theologically]], it is chiefly defined by regarding the [[Torah]], both [[Written Torah|Written]] and [[Oral Torah|Oral]], as literally [[Revelation|revealed]] by God on [[biblical Mount Sinai]] and faithfully transmitted ever since. The movement advocates a strict observance of ''[[halakha]]'' (Jewish Law), which is to be interpreted only according to received methods due to its divine character. Orthodoxy considers ''halakha'' as eternal and beyond historical influence, being applied differently to changing circumstances but basically unchangeable in itself.
 
Orthodox Judaism is not a centralized denomination. Relations between its different subgroups are sometimes strained and the exact limits of Orthodoxy are subject to intense debate. Very roughly, it may be divided between [[Haredi Judaism]], which is more conservative and reclusive, and [[Modern Orthodox Judaism]], which is relatively open to outer society. Each of those is itself formed of independent streams. They are almost uniformly exclusionist, regarding Orthodoxy as the only authentic form of Judaism and rejecting all non-Orthodox interpretations as illegitimate.
 
===Others Lain-lain ===
[[Kemetic Orthodoxy]] is a denomination of [[Kemetism]], a reform reconstruction of [[Egyptianpoliteisme polytheismMesir]] foruntuk modernpara followerspenganut modern. It claims to derive a spiritual lineage from the [[Ancient Egyptian religion]].<ref>{{cite web |title=What is Kemetic Orthodoxy?: Introduction |url=http://www.kemet.org/about |publisher=The House of Netjer |access-date=4 October 2013}}</ref>
 
There are organizations of [[Slavic Native Faith]] (Rodnovery) which characterize the religion as Orthodoxy, and by other terms.-->
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Ortodoksi"