Vanila: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Ada tiga spesies utama vanilla yang saat ini dikembangkan, dan semuanya merupakan tumbuhan yang dibawa dari Amerika Tengah.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1007/s12231-008-9014-y |title=Origins and Dispersal of Cultivated Vanilla (''Vanilla planifolia'' Jacks. [Orchidaceae]) |year=2008 |last1=Lubinsky |first1=Pesach |last2=Bory |first2=Séverine |last3=Hernández Hernández |first3=Juan |last4=Kim |first4=Seung-Chul |last5=Gómez-Pompa |first5=Arturo |journal=Economic Botany |volume=62 |issue=2 |pages=127–38}}</ref> ''[[Vanilla planifolia]]'' dibudidayakan di [[Madagaskar]], [[Réunion]], dan kawasan tropis lainnya di sekitar Samudera Hindia; ''[[Vanilla tahitensis]]'', dibudidayakan di Pasifik Selatan, dan ''[[Vanilla pompona]]'' dibudidayakan di Samudra Hindia barat, Amerika Tengah, dan Amerika Latin.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.plantsci.2004.04.007 |title=RAPD genetic diversity in cultivated vanilla: ''Vanilla planifolia'', and relationships with ''V. Tahitensis'' and ''V. Pompona'' |year=2004 |last1=Besse |first1=Pascale |last2=Silva |first2=Denis Da |last3=Bory |first3=Séverine |last4=Grisoni |first4=Michel |last5=Le Bellec |first5=Fabrice |last6=Duval |first6=Marie-France |journal=Plant Science |volume=167 |issue=2 |pages=379–85}}</ref> ''V. planifolia'' adalah yang paling banyak dibudidayakan di dunia.<ref name=Rodelle>{{cite web |url=http://www.rodellevanilla.com/GrowingRegions.htm |title=Vanilla growing regions |author= |publisher=The Rodell Company |date=2008-01-07 |accessdate=2008-07-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080610195922/http://www.rodellevanilla.com/GrowingRegions.htm |archivedate=2008-06-10 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name=nielson-massey>{{cite web |url=http://www.nielsenmassey.com/historyofvanilla.htm |title=History of vanilla |author=The Nielsen-Massey Company |publisher=The Nielsen-Massey Company |date=2007-09-17 |accessdate=2008-07-23}}</ref> ''Vanilla planifolia'' menghasilkan ekstrak vanilla terbanyak dibandingkan kedua spesies tersebut.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/features/food/chi-vanilla-types-11jun11,0,5117837.story |title=Brockman, Terra ''Types of Vanilla'' June 11, 2008 Chicago Tribune |publisher=Chicagotribune.com |date=2008-06-11 |accessdate=2010-05-01 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080616064118/http://www.chicagotribune.com/features/food/chi-vanilla-types-11jun11,0,5117837.story |archivedate=2008-06-16 |dead-url=no }}</ref>
Vanilla merupakan salah satu jenis [[rempah-rempah|rempah]] yang paling penting dan mahal di dunia setelah [[saffron]] dan cardamom karena vanilla membutuhkan banyak tenaga kerja untuk mendapatkannya.<ref>{{cite book|title = Le Cordon Bleu Cuisine Foundations|page = 213|isbn = 978-1-4354-8137-4|author = Le Cordon Bleu|authorlink = Le Cordon Bleu|publisher = Cengage learning|year = 2009}}</ref><ref name="Parthasarathy">{{cite book|title = Chemistry of Spices|url = https://archive.org/details/chemistryspicesc00part|last1 = Parthasarathy|first1 = V. A.|last2 = Chempakam|first2 = Bhageerathy|last3 = Zachariah|first3 = T. John|isbn = 978-1-84593-405-7|publisher = [[CAB International|CABI]]|year = 2008|page = [https://archive.org/details/chemistryspicesc00part/page/n11 2]}}</ref><ref name=":1">Exley, Richard. 2010. ''Vanilla Production, Processing, and Packaging.'' Melbourne. International Specialised Skills Institute. p. 5-19</ref> Di Amerika Selatan, tumbuhan ''[[Leptotes bicolor]]'' digunakan sebagai pengganti vanilla. Vanila banyak dimanfaatkan polongnya untuk rempah dan juga untuk aromanya. Tanaman ini banyak dimanfaatkan pada industri makanan (60%), kosmetik (33%), dan sebagai bahan aromaterapi (7%). Secara tradisional tanaman vanila digunakan untuk pengobatan beberapa penyakit seperti ''dysmenorrhea,'' demam, hysteria, ''dyspepsia,'' pencegahan karies gigi, pengobatan sakit gigi, batuk, dan juga sakit perut. Tanaman ini dikenal memiliki efek ''antispasmodic,'' antiinflamasi, dan analgesik.<ref name=":2">Tan, B.C. and Chin, C. F. 2015. ''Vanilla planifolia:'' An Economically Important Orchid and Its Propagation. ''Minerva Biotecnologica'' 27(2): 107-116</ref><ref name=":3">Menon, Shruthi and Nayeem, Naira. 2013. ''Vanilla planifolia:'' A Review of a Plant Commonly Used as Flavouring Agent. ''International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research'' 20(2): 225-228</ref>
== Biologi ==
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