Hizbullah: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 1:
{{use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox political party
|name
| native_name = حزب الله<br>{{transl|ar|DIN|Ḥizbullāh}}
| native_name_lang = ar
|logo =
|leader1_title = [[Sekretaris Jenderal Hizbullah|Sekretaris Jenderal]]
|
|foundation = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1985}} (resmi)
| wing1_title = Sayap parlemen
| wing1 = [[Loyalitas pada Blok Perlawanan]]
| wing2_title = Sayap paramiliter
| colorcode = {{Hezbollah/meta/color}}▼
|
[[Brigade Perlawanan Lebanon]]
| seats1 = {{Infobox political party/seats|12|128|hex=#F7DF19}}▼
|ideology = {{Unbulleted list |class=nowrap
| [[Nasionalisme Islam]]<ref>Ekaterina Stepanova, [http://books.sipri.org/files/RR/SIPRIRR23.pdf Terrorism in Asymmetrical Conflict: Ideological and Structural Aspects] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310143530/http://books.sipri.org/files/RR/SIPRIRR23.pdf |date=10 March 2016}}, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, Oxford University Press 2008, p. 113</ref>
| [[Anti-Zionisme]]
| country = Lebanon▼
| [[Anti-imperialisme]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Elie Alagha |first=Joseph |title=Hizbullah's Documents: From the 1985 Open Letter to the 2009 Manifesto |year=2011 |publisher=Amsterdam University Press |isbn=978-90-8555-037-2 |pages=15, 20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b0ntL1fUi8kC&pg=PA15}}<br/>{{cite book |last=Shehata |first=Samer |title=Islamist Politics in the Middle East: Movements and Change |year=2012 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-78361-3 |page=176 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hhl_E-XAeLYC&pg=PA176}}<br/>{{cite journal |last=Husseinia |first=Rola El |title=Hezbollah and the Axis of Refusal: Hamas, Iran and Syria |journal=Third World Quarterly |year=2010 |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=803–815 |doi=10.1080/01436597.2010.502695}}</ref>
| [[Jihad#Syiah|Jihad Syiah]]<ref name="Shiite_jihad">{{cite report |author=Philip Smyth |date=February 2015 |title=The Shiite Jihad in Syria and Its Regional Effects |url=http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/PolicyFocus138_Smyth-2.pdf |publisher=The Washington Institute for Near East Studies |pages=7–8 |access-date=13 March 2015}}</ref>
| [[Pemikiran politik dan warisan Ruhollah Khomeini|Khomeinisme]]<ref name="Shiite_jihad"/>
| [[Sentimen anti-Barat|Anti-Barat]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Levitt |first=Matthew |author-link=Matthew Levitt |year=2013 |title=Hezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God |page=356 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yTJeAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA356 |quote="Hezbollah's anti-Western militancy began with attacks against Western targets in Lebanon, then expanded to attacks abroad intended to exact revenge for actions threatening its or Iran's interests, or to press foreign governments to release captured operatives." |isbn=9781849043335}}<br/>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n9QycqW1qogC&pg=PA267 |title=An International History of Terrorism: Western and Non-Western Experiences |page=267 |quote=Based upon these beliefs, Hezbollah became vehemently anti-West and anti-Israel. |isbn=9780415635400 |last1=Hanhimäki |first1=Jussi M. |last2=Blumenau |first2=Bernhard |year=2013}}<br/>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-MkxxSUSTuEC&pg=PT421 |title=Criminology: Theories, Patterns & Typology |page=396 |quote=Hezbollah is anti-West and anti-Israel and has engaged in a series of terrorist actions including kidnappings, car bombings, and airline hijackings. |isbn=978-1133049647 |last1=Siegel |first1=Larry J. |date=3 February 2012}}</ref><ref name="bbc-hi-me"/>
| [[Antisemitisme]]<ref>[[Julius, Anthony]]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=BGkSLxDBNTgC&pg=PA529 ''Trials of the Diaspora: A History of Anti-Semitism in England'']. Via Google Books. 1 May 2015.<br/>Michael, Robert and Philip Rosen. [https://books.google.com/books?id=d5927rY-UgoC&pg=PA231 ''Dictionary of Antisemitism from the Earliest Times to the Present'']. Via Google Books. 1 May 2015.<br/>Perry, Mark. [https://archive.org/details/talkingtoterrori00perr/page/n175 <!-- pg=158 --> ''Talking to Terrorists: Why America Must Engage with Its Enemies'']. Via Google Books. 1 May 2015<br/>{{cite web |url=http://www.jpost.com/International/Analysis-Hezbollahs-lethal-anti-Semitism |title=Analysis: Hezbollah's lethal anti-Semitism |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref>
}} {{small|(secara resmi ditolak)}}<ref name=Gleis>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vYBtwkj78BUC&pg=PT63|title=Hezbollah and Hamas: A Comparative Study|author1=Joshua L. Gleis |author2=Benedetta Berti |year=2012|quote=|isbn=9781421406718}}</ref>
|headquarters= [[Beirut]], [[Lebanon]]
| slogan = {{lang-ar|فَإِنَّ حِزْبَ ٱللَّهِ هُمُ ٱلْغَالِبُونَ}}<br>"Maka sungguh, pengikut (agama) Allah itulah yang menang" {{cite Quran|5|56}}
|website = [http://www.moqawama.org/ www.moqawama.org]
|colours = {{hlist |item_style=margin-left:0.5em|Kuning|Hijau}}
|religion = [[Islam Syiah]]
|national = [[Aliansi 8 Maret]]
|international=
|position =
|seats1_title = [[Parlemen Lebanon|Parlemen]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-Elections/2018/May-09/448707-interior-ministry-releases-numbers-of-votes-for-new-mp.ashx |title=Interior Ministry releases numbers of votes for new MPs |newspaper=The Daily Star |date=9 May 2018}}</ref>
| flag =
<!--?: | war = {{ublist|class=nowrap |[[Perang Saudara Lebanon]] |[[Perang Lebanon 2006]] |[[Konflik Lebanon 2008]] |[[Perang Saudara Suriah]]}}-->
}}
{{Infobox War Faction|Hezbollah
|war=[[Perang Saudara Lebanon]], [[Konflik Israel–Lebanon]], [[South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)]], [[Perang Lebanon 2006]], [[Konflik Lebanon 2008]], [[Perang Saudara Suriah]] dan [[Iraqi Civil War (2014–2017)]]
----
Target utama dalam [[Perang Melawan Terorisme]]
|active= 1985–sekarang
|ideology=
|clans=* Unit 3800<ref name="iq">{{cite web |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/11/hezbollah-fighters-train-iraqi-shiite-militants-near-mosul.php |title=Hezbollah fighters train Iraqi Shiite militants near Mosul - FDD's Long War Journal |date=5 November 2016 |website=longwarjournal.org}}</ref>
|headquarters=Lebanon
|size=20.000 sampai 50.000
|partof=
|predecessor=
|successor=
|allies='''Negara sekutu:'''
*{{flag|Iran}}
*{{flag|Suriah}}
*{{RUS}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://alwaght.com/en/News/41746/New-Experience-of-Hezbollah-with-Russian-Military |title=New Experience of Hezbollah with Russian Military |date=2 February 2016 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/russia-is-arming-hezbollah-say-two-of-the-groups-field-commanders |title=Russia is Arming Hezbollah, Say Two of the Group's Field Commanders |newspaper=The Daily Beast |date=11 January 2016 |last1=Rosenfeld |first1=Jesse}}</ref>
*{{LBN}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thetower.org/5354-hezbollah-fights-alongside-laf-demonstrating-its-continuing-control-over-lebanon/ |title=Hezbollah Fights Alongside LAF Demonstrating its Continuing Control over Lebanon |date=21 August 2017 |website=The Tower |access-date=28 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202024824/http://www.thetower.org/5354-hezbollah-fights-alongside-laf-demonstrating-its-continuing-control-over-lebanon/ |archive-date=2 February 2020 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*{{flag|Irak}}<ref name="iq2">{{cite web |url=http://www.iraqinews.com/arab-world-news/funeral-2-hezbollah-elements-killed-jurf-al-sakhar-baiji/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=28 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615191324/https://www.iraqinews.com/arab-world-news/funeral-2-hezbollah-elements-killed-jurf-al-sakhar-baiji/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>(hanya melawan ISIS)
*{{flag|Korea Utara}} (diduga, dibantah oleh Korea Utara)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/northkorea/10998755/North-Korea-denies-reports-of-missile-deal-with-Hamas.html |title=North Korea denies reports of missile deal with Hamas |first=Damien |last=McElroy |date=29 July 2014 |work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref>
'''Sekutu non-negara:'''
*{{flagicon image|Flag of the Amal Movement.svg}} [[Pergerakan Amal]]
*{{flag|Houthi}} (diklaim oleh pemerintah Yaman Hadi dan sekutunya, dibantah oleh Hizbullah)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2018/Jul-11/456144-yemeni-fm-slams-hezbollahs-houthi-support-report.ashx|title=Yemeni FM slams Hezbollah's Houthi support: report |website= THE DAILY STAR}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-nasrallah-idUSKBN1DK22D|title=Lebanon's Hezbollah denies sending weapons to Yemen|date=20 November 2017|work=Reuters}}</ref>
*{{flagicon image|Flag of Hamas.svg}} [[Hamas]]
*{{Flagicon image|Hashd_Al-Sha%27abi_flag.svg}} [[Pasukan Mobilisasi Rakyat]]
<br>''[[Hubungan Luar Negeri Hizbullah|Lihat lebih banyak]]''
|opponents='''Negara lawan:'''
* {{flag|Israel}}<ref name="Hezbollah – International terrorist organization">{{cite web|url=http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/ForeignPolicy/Terrorism/Hizbullah/Pages/Hezbollah-International-terrorist-organization.aspx|title=Hezbollah – International terrorist organization|date=22 July 2013|publisher=Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}</ref>
* {{flag|Turki}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eurasiantimes.com/israel-impressed-how-turkish-army-crushed-hezbollah-in-idlib-syria/|title=Israel Impressed How Turkish Army Crushed Hezbollah In Idlib, Syria|first=Xavier|last=Francis|date=21 May 2020|website=Latest Asian, Middle-East, EurAsian, Indian News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.jpost.com/arab-israeli-conflict/israel-learned-from-hezbollahs-defeat-at-the-hands-of-turkey-628836/amp|title=Israel learned from Hezbollah's defeat at the hands of Turkey|website=The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/syria/turkish-strike-in-syria-kills-nine-hezbollah-members-according-to-source-1.8599581|title=Turkish strike in Syria kills nine Hezbollah members, according to source|website=Haaretz.com}}</ref>
'''Lawan non-negara:'''
* [[Tentara Lebanon Selatan]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag_of_Jihad.svg}} [[Al-Qaeda]]
* {{flag|Negara Islam Irak dan Syam}}
* {{flagicon|Syrian opposition}} [[Tentara Pembebasan Suriah]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Jabhat al-Nusra.jpg}} [[Front Al-Nusra]]
* [[File:Flag of Hayat Tahrir al-Sham.svg|25px]] [[Tahrir al-Sham|Hayyat Tahrir al-Sham]]
|battles={{plainlist|
*[[Perang Saudara Lebanon]]
*[[Konflik Lebanon Selatan (1985–2000)|Konflik Lebanon Selatan]]
*[[Perang Iran–Irak]]<ref name="archive.org5">{{cite web|url=http://memri.org/bin/latestnews.cgi?ID=IA44808|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211103949/http://memri.org/bin/latestnews.cgi?ID=IA44808 |archive-date=11 February 2009|title= The Iranian Roots of Hizbullah|author=Dr. Nimrod Raphaeli|date=11 February 2009|publisher=MEMRI}}</ref>
*[[Perang Bosnia]]
*[[Perang Lebanon 2006]]
*[[Konflik Lebanon 2008]]
*[[Perang Saudara Suriah]]
*[[Perang Saudara Irak (2014–2017)]]<ref name="iq"/><ref name="iq2"/>}}
}}
'''Hizbullah''' ([[bahasa Arab]]: حزب الله Hezbollah, [[bahasa Indonesia]]: "Partai Allah / Partai Tuhan") adalah organisasi [[Politik]] dan [[Paramiliter]] dari kelompok [[Syiah]] didirikan pada tahun [[1982]] yang berbasis di Libanon.<ref name="HG20Ak02">{{cite web |url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/HG20Ak02.html |title=Hezbollah's transformation |first=Dahr |last=Jamail |publisher=Asia Times |date=2006-07-20 |accessdate=2009-02-07 |archive-date=2006-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060720154531/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/HG20Ak02.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Sejak didirikan, organisasi ini telah berkembang menjadi organisasi yang bercampur ke dalam strukur sosial Lebanon melalui pelayanan sosial dan partisipasi aktif dalam politik sambil tetap melancarkan serangan teror internasional dan operasi-operasi militer regional. Kelompok ini secara rutin berselisih dengan Israel dan menentang pengaruh barat di Lebanon, dan yang paling baru adalah terlibat dalam perang saudara di Suriah sebagai pendukung pemerintah Assad.<ref name="CFR">{{cite web|url=http://www.cfr.org/publication/9155/hezbollah.html?breadcrumb=%2F|title=Hezbollah (a.k.a. Hizbollah, Hizbu'llah)|first=|last=|publisher=[[Council on Foreign Relations]]|date=2008-09-13|accessdate=2009-02-07|archive-date=2008-09-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080913091527/http://www.cfr.org/publication/9155/hezbollah.html?breadcrumb=%2F|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="HG20Ak02" /> Kelompok ini dianggap sebagai organisasi teroris oleh Amerika Serikat, Israel, Kanada, dan Australia.<ref name="UKHO">[http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/security/terrorism-and-the-law/terrorism-act/proscribed-groups British Home office official listing] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318131118/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/security/terrorism-and-the-law/terrorism-act/proscribed-groups |date=2009-03-18 }} of Proscribed terrorist groups</ref><ref name="UK ban">{{cite web|title=UK ban on Hezbollah military arm| first=|last=|publisher=[[BBC News]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7485213.stm |date=2008-02-07|accessdate=2009-02-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nationalsecurity.gov.au/agd/WWW/nationalsecurity.nsf/Page/What_Governments_are_doing_Listing_of_Terrorism_Organisations_Hizballah_External_Security_Organisation |title=Australian National Security Listing |access-date=2009-02-08 |archive-date=2009-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090519054738/http://www.nationalsecurity.gov.au/agd/WWW/nationalsecurity.nsf/Page/What_Governments_are_doing_Listing_of_Terrorism_Organisations_Hizballah_External_Security_Organisation |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>[http://www.arabmediawatch.com/amw/CountryBackgrounds/Lebanon/MediaMyths/Hezbollahisaterroristorganisation/tabid/314/Default.aspx arabmediawatch.com]</ref>
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