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'''George Smith Patton Jr.''' ([[11 November]] [[1885]] – [[21 Desember]] [[1945]]) adalah seorang [[jenderal]] [[Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat]] pada [[Perang Dunia II]]. Dalam 36 tahun kariernya di angkatan darat, Ia menjadi Kadet Ajudan di [[West Point]], menjadi juara lima [[Modern Pentathlon]] pada [[Olimpiade musim panas 1912]] di [[Swedia]], lulus Sekolah Kavaleri di [[Prancis]] pada [[1912]] dan [[1913]], dijadwalkan untuk ikut dalam [[Olimpiade musim panas 1916]] yang seharusnya diadakan di [[Berlin]], menjadi pendukung peperangan lapis baja, dan mengkomandani pasukan di [[Afrika Utara]], [[Sisilia]], dan [[Eropa]]. Patton terkenal sebagai pejuang murni yang tak kenal ampun dan ganas, dan diberi julukan "''Old Blood and Guts''" (Darah dan Jeroan Tua), nama yang muncul setelah seorang [[wartawan]] salah mengutip dia mengatakan "''it takes blood and brains to win a war''". Sejarah mencatatnya sebagai pemimpin [[militer]] yang brilian, yang juga sering tidak patuh dan kadang-kadang tidak stabil.
== Early life ==
[[File:Nita Patton (Sister of General George S. Patton).jpg|thumb|upright|Anne Wilson "Nita" Patton, adik Patton. Dia bertunangan dengan [[John J. Pershing]] pada tahun 1917–18.]]
George Smith Patton Jr. lahir pada tanggal 11 November 1885,{{sfn|D'Este|1995|p=29}}{{sfn|Brighton|2009|p=17}} di [[Los Angeles]] pinggiran kota [[San Gabriel, California]], kepada [[George S. Patton (pengacara)|George Smith Patton Sr.]] dan istrinya Ruth Wilson, putri [[Benjamin Davis Wilson]]. Patton memiliki seorang adik perempuan, Anne, yang dijuluki "Nita."{{sfn|Axelrod|2006|pp=11–12}}
[[File:Patton at VMI 1907.jpg|thumb|upright|Patton di [[Institut Militer Virginia]], 1907]]
Sejak kecil, Patton mengalami kesulitan belajar membaca dan menulis, tetapi akhirnya mengatasi ini dan dikenal di masa dewasanya sebagai pembaca yang rajin.{{refn|Historians [[Carlo D'Este]] and [[Alan Axelrod]] note in their biographies of Patton that these difficulties were likely the result of undiagnosed [[dyslexia]].{{sfn|Axelrod|2006|pp=11–12}}|group=Note}} Dia dibimbing dari rumah sampai usia sebelas tahun, ketika dia terdaftar di Stephen Clark's School for Boys, sebuah sekolah swasta di Pasadena, selama enam tahun. Patton digambarkan sebagai anak yang cerdas dan banyak dibaca di [[sejarah militer]] klasik, khususnya eksploitasi [[Hannibal]], [[Scipio Africanus]], [[Julius Caesar]], [[Joan of Arc]], dan [[Napoleon Bonaparte]], serta teman keluarga [[John Singleton Mosby]], yang sering mampir ke rumah keluarga Patton ketika George masih kecil.{{sfn|Axelrod|2006|pp=11–12}} Dia juga seorang [[penunggang kuda]] yang setia.{{sfn|Axelrod|2006|p=13}}
Patton menikahi Beatrice Banning Ayer, putri industrialis Boston [[Frederick Ayer]], pada 26 Mei 1910, di [[Beverly Farms, Massachusetts]]. Mereka dikaruniai tiga anak, Beatrice Smith (lahir Maret 1911), Ruth Ellen (lahir Februari 1915), dan [[George Patton IV]] (lahir Desember 1923).{{sfn|Axelrod|2006|pp=28, 35, 65–66}} Istri Patton, Beatrice, meninggal pada 30 September 1953 karena aneurisma yang pecah<ref>[https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Button_Box/b3h7fmgwSFcC?hl=en&gbpv=1&printsec=frontcover ''The Button Box'']</ref> setelah jatuh saat menunggang kudanya dalam perburuan dengan saudara laki-lakinya dan yang lainnya di [[Myopia Hunt Club]] di [[South Hamilton, Massachusetts]].<ref>[https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83016244/1953-09-30/ed-1/seq-1/ ''Key West Times'']</ref>
Patton never seriously considered a career other than the military.{{sfn|Axelrod|2006|p=13}} At the age of seventeen he sought an appointment to the [[United States Military Academy]] at West Point, New York. He applied to several universities with [[Reserve Officer's Training Corps]] programs, and was accepted to Princeton College, but eventually decided on [[Virginia Military Institute]] (VMI), which his father and grandfather had attended.{{sfn|Axelrod|2006|pp=14–15}} He attended the school from 1903 to 1904 and, though he struggled with reading and writing, performed exceptionally in uniform and appearance inspection as well as military drill. While he was at VMI, a senator from California nominated him for West Point.{{sfn|Blumenson|1972|p=92}} He was an initiate of the Beta Commission of [[Kappa Alpha Order]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kappaalphaorder.org/award/distinguished-achievement-award/george-s-patton-jr|title=distinguished-achievement-award/george-s-patton-jr|publisher=kappaalphaorder.org|access-date=September 26, 2018}}</ref>
In his plebe (first) year at West Point, Patton adjusted easily to the routine. However, his academic performance was so poor that he was forced to repeat his first year after failing [[mathematics]].{{sfn|Zaloga|2010|p=7}} He excelled at military drills though his academic performance remained average. He was cadet sergeant major during his junior year, and the cadet adjutant his senior year. He also joined the football team, but he injured his arm and stopped playing on several occasions. Instead he tried out for the sword team and [[track and field]] and specialized in the [[modern pentathlon]].{{sfn|Axelrod|2006|pp=20–23}} He competed in this sport in the [[1912 Summer Olympics]] in [[Stockholm]], and he finished in fifth place—right behind four [[Sweden|Swedes]].{{sfn|Brighton|2009|p=19}}
Patton graduated number 46 out of 103 cadets at West Point on June 11, 1909,<ref>{{Cite web|title=v1909 15|url=https://digital-library.usma.edu/digital/collection/p16919coll3/id/3311/rec/96|access-date=2020-11-17|website=digital-library.usma.edu|language=en}}</ref> and received a [[officer (armed forces)|commission]] as a [[second lieutenant]] in the [[United States Cavalry|Cavalry branch]] of the [[United States Army]].{{sfn|Axelrod|2006|p=24}}{{sfn|D'Este|1995|pp=58, 131}}
{{Commonscat|George S. Patton}}
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