Surya Siddhanta: Perbedaan antara revisi
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[[Berkas:1st verse of the 1st chapter of the Surya Siddhanta Hindu astronomy, 1847 Sanskrit manuscript edition.jpg|jmpl|''Surya Siddhanta'' adalah teks Hindu mengenai astronomi yang berasal dari abad ke-6 SM.<ref name=britsuryasiddhan/> Gambar di atas merupakan ayat 1.1 yang membayar penghormatan kepada [[Brahma]].<ref name=burgess1860>P Gangooly (1935, Editor), Translator: Ebenezzer Burgess (1930),
[https://archive.org/stream/SuryaSiddhantaTranslation/surya_siddhanta_english#page/n53/mode/2up Translation of Surya Siddhanta: A Textbook of Hindu Astronomy], University of Calcutta, page 1</ref>]]
'''''Surya Siddhanta''''' adalah nama risalah Sanskrit dalam [[astronomi India]] yang berasal dari abad ke-6 SM.<ref name=britsuryasiddhan>Menso Folkerts, Craig G. Fraser, Jeremy John Gray, John L. Berggren, Wilbur R. Knorr (2017), [https://www.britannica.com/topic/mathematics Mathematics], Encyclopaedia Britannica, Quote: "(...) its Hindu inventors as discoverers of things more ingenious than those of the Greeks. Earlier, in the late 6th century BCE, the anonymous Hindu author of an astronomical handbook, the ''Surya Siddhanta'', had tabulated the sine function (...)"</ref><ref name="Bowman2005p596"/> Teks ini bertahan dengan berbagai versi, yang dikutip secara ekstensif dalam teks abad ke-6 SM, kemungkinan direvisi selama beberapa abad di bawah judul yang sama.<ref name="Bowman2005p596"/><ref name="Plofker2009p71">{{cite book|author=Kim Plofker|title=Mathematics in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DHvThPNp9yMC|year=2009|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=0-691-12067-6|pages=71–72 with footnotes}}</ref
''Surya Siddhanta'' menjelaskan aturan untuk menghitung pergerakan berbagai planet dan bulan relatif dengan sejumlah rasi bintang, diameter berbagai planet, serta menghitung orbit berbagai benda astronomi.<ref name="Thompson2007p76"/><ref name=montgomery104/> Teks ini menyatakan bahwa alam semesta berbentuk bola.<ref name="Markanday551–561">{{cite book | last=Markanday | first=Sucharit | last2=Srivastava | first2=P. S. | title=Oceanography: The Past | chapter=Physical Oceanography in India: An Historical Sketch | publisher=Springer New York | year=1980 | isbn=978-1-4613-8092-4 | doi=10.1007/978-1-4613-8090-0_50 | pages=551–561}}, Quote: "There are five important Hindu astronomical books known as Siddhantas. Surya Siddhanta is the third oldest (about the 6th century BC). According to Al-Biruni it was written by Lata. The book is divided into 14 chapters (Table 1). According to Surya Siddhanta the universe is a sphere."</ref> Teks ini menganggap bumi sebagai bidang stasioner dengan matahari mengorbitnya dan tidak menyebutkan Uranus, Neptunus, maupun Pluto.<ref>{{cite book|author=Richard L. Thompson|title=Vedic Cosmography and Astronomy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9oi64rTVwNMC&pg=PA10|year=2004|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-1954-2|page=10}}</ref> Teks ini mengkalkulasikan diameter bumi sebesar 8.000 mil (modern: 7.928 mil), diameter bulan sebesar 2.400 mil (diameter sebenarnya ~2.160 mil), dan jarak antara bulan dan bumi sebesar 258.000 mil (jarak sebenarnya ~238.000 mil).<ref name="Thompson2007p76">{{cite book|author=Richard L. Thompson|title=The Cosmology of the Bhagavata Purana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3TZmDSr-1msC&pg=PA76 |year=2007|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-1919-1|pages=16, 76–77, 285–294}}</ref> Teks ini dikenal sebagai salah satu diskusi pecahan enampuluhan (seksagesimal) dan fungsi trigonometri paling awal yang diketahui.<ref name=britsuryasiddhan/><ref name="Bowman2005p596"/><ref>{{cite book|author=Brian Evans|title=The Development of Mathematics Throughout the Centuries: A Brief History in a Cultural Context|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3CPwAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT60 |year= 2014|publisher= Wiley|isbn= 978-1-118-85397-9|page=60}}</ref>
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* [https://books.google.com/books?id=NJpeAAAAcAAJ Remarks on the Astronomy of the Brahmins], John Playfair ([http://sandhi.hss.iitb.ac.in/Sandhi/Mathematics%20and%20Astronomy%20articles/Playfair%20J/Playfair%20-%20On%20the%20Trignometry%20of%20%20Brahmins%20(1798).pdf Arsip] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809171912/http://sandhi.hss.iitb.ac.in/Sandhi/Mathematics%20and%20Astronomy%20articles/Playfair%20J/Playfair%20-%20On%20the%20Trignometry%20of%20%20Brahmins%20(1798).pdf |date=2017-08-09 }})
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