Kekristenan: Perbedaan antara revisi

Meskipun demikian, banyak [[gerakan karismatik]] yang sudah berdiri kukuh di berbagai belahan dunia, teristimewa di Afrika, Amerika Latin, dan Asia.<ref>David Stoll, "Is Latin America Turning Protestant?" published Berkeley: University of California Press. 1990</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/penta.html|title=Pentecostalism|author=Jeff Hadden|year=1997|accessdate=24 September 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060427204250/http://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/penta.html |archivedate=27 April 2006}}</ref><ref name=movedbythespirit >{{cite web|url= http://pewforum.org/events/?EventID=109|title=Moved by the Spirit: Pentecostal Power and Politics after 100&nbsp;Years|author1=Pew Forum on Religion |author2=Public Life |date=24 April 2006|accessdate=24 September 2008}}</ref><ref name=britannica>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Pentecostalism |encyclopedia=Britannica Concise Encyclopedia |year=2007 |url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1B1-374862.html |accessdate=21 Desdember 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090112143456/http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1B1-374862.html |archivedate=12 Januari 2009 }}</ref><ref name=CTReview>{{cite web|url=http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2000/november13/36.107.html|title=The CT Review: Pie-in-the-Sky Now|author=Ed Gitre, Christianity Today Magazine|date=13 November 2000}}</ref> Sejak 1900, terutama melalui perpindahan agama, aliran Protestan telah menyebar dengan cepat di Afrika, Asia, Oseania, dan Amerika Latin.<ref name = "Encyclopedia of Protestantism">{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bW3sXBjnokkC&pg=PR11|title=Encyclopedia of Protestantism|first=J. Gordon|last=Melton|date=1 Januari 2005|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-0-8160-6983-5|page=11}}</ref> Sejak 1960 sampai 2000, tingkat pertumbuhan global [[Evangelikalisme|umat Protestan Injili]] yang terlaporkan meningkat tiga kali lipat dibanding tingkat pertumbuhan populasi dunia, dan dua kali lipat dibanding tingkat pertumbuhan pemeluk agama [[Islam]].<ref>{{Cite book| title=Know the Truth: A Handbook of Christian Belief | last=Milne | first=Bruce | year=2010 | publisher=InterVarsity Press | page=332 |isbn=0-83082-576-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W_ttliPuhjQC}}</ref> Kajian Universitas Saint Mary memperkirakan ada sekitar 10,2 juta umat [[Muslim]] beralih [[perpindahan ke agama Kristen|menjadi pemeluk agama Kristen]] pada 2015,<ref name="academia.edu"/> dan ada pula pemeluk-pemeluk agama Islam dalam jumlah yang signifikan beralih menjadi pemeluk agama Kristen di Afganistan,<ref name="state2009">{{cite web | author= USSD Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor| year=2009| title=International Religious Freedom Report 2009| url=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2009/127362.htm | accessdate=2010-03-06}}</ref> Albania,<ref name="academia.edu">{{cite journal|last1=Johnstone|first1=Patrick|last2=Miller|first2=Duane Alexander|title=Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background: A Global Census|journal=IJRR|date=2015|volume=11|issue=10|pages=1–19 |url=https://www.academia.edu/16338087/Believers_in_Christ_from_a_Muslim_Background_A_Global_Census|accessdate=30 Oktober 2015}}</ref> Azerbaijan<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.day.az/society/85160.html|title=5,000 Azerbaijanis adopted Christianity|publisher=Day.az|date=7 Juli 2007 |language=Russian |accessdate=30 Januari 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://azeri.irib.ir/tehliller/item/148029-xristian-missioner-t%C9%99riq%C9%99tl%C9%99r-ar-da-aktivl%C9%99sir?tmpl=component&print=1|title=Christian Missionaries Becoming Active in Azerbaijan|publisher=Tehran Radio|date=19 Juni 2011|language=Azerbaijani|accessdate=12 Agustus 2012}}</ref> Aljazair,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/256856/368809_en.html |title=Algeria: Situation of Christians, including the treatment of Christians by society and by the authorities; availability of state protection; the fire at Tafat church; whether there were convictions for proselytism (2010 – July 2013) [DZA104491.FE]|first=Immigration and Refugee Board of|last=Canada|date=17 Juli 2013|publisher=}}</ref><ref name="ChristianAction">{{Cite web |url=http://www.christianaction.org.za/articles./MuslimsTurnToChrist.htm |title=Muslims Turn to Christ – ChristianAction |access-date=2018-08-11 |archive-date=2020-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200426201024/http://www.christianaction.org.za/articles./MuslimsTurnToChrist.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Belgia,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oneindia.com/international/in-europe-many-muslims-renounce-islam-embrace-christianity-report-1567395.html|title=In Europe, many Muslims renounce Islam, embrace Christianity: Report|publisher=}}</ref> Prancis,<ref name="ChristianAction"/> Jerman,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/iran-blog/2014/may/12/iran-converted-christians-sanctuary-germany-muslim|title='Our second mother': Iran's converted Christians find sanctuary in Germany |first=Liana |last=Aghajanian|date=12 Mei 2014|via=The Guardian}}</ref> Iran,<ref>{{cite web|author=Gary Lane |url=http://www.cbn.com/CBNnews/437006.aspx |title=House Churches Growing in Iran |publisher=Cbn.com |date= |accessdate=17 Agustus 2012}}</ref> India,<ref name="ChristianAction"/> Indonesia,<ref>{{cite book |date=15 Februari 2001 |editor1=David B. Barrett |editor2=George Thomas Kurian |editor3=Todd M. Johnson |title=World Christian Encyclopedia hlm.374|url= |location= |publisher=Oxford University Press USA |isbn=0195079639 }}</ref> Malaysia,<ref name="Musa">{{cite web |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2011/10/22/focus/9749626&sec=focus |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111024141407/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2011%2F10%2F22%2Ffocus%2F9749626&sec=focus |dead-url=yes |archive-date=24 Oktober 2011 |title=What is Himpun about? |author1=AHMAD FAROUK MUSA |author2=MOHD RADZIQ JALALUDDIN |author3=AHMAD FUAD RAHMAT |author4=EDRY FAIZAL EDDY YUSUF |date=22 Oktober 2011 |work= |publisher=The Star |accessdate=16 Desember 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Maroko,<ref name="ChristianAction"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.christianitytoday.com/gleanings/2013/may/christian-converts-in-morocco-fear-fatwa-calling-for-their.html|title=Christian Converts in Morocco Fear Fatwa Calling for Their Execution}}</ref> Rusia,<ref name="ChristianAction"/> Belanda,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.frieschdagblad.nl/index.asp?artID=50476|title=Friesch Dagblad|access-date=2018-08-11|archive-date=2017-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018141435/http://www.frieschdagblad.nl/index.asp?artID=50476|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Arab Saudi,<ref>{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of religious freedom|last=Cookson|first=Catharine|year=2003|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=0-415-94181-4|page=207|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R0PrjC1Ar7gC&pg=PA207}}</ref> Tunisia,<ref name="academia.edu"/> Turki,<ref name="ChristianAction"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://churchinchains.ie/node/743|title=TURKEY: Protestant church closed down – Church In Chains – Ireland :: An Irish voice for suffering, persecuted Christians Worldwide}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ekklesia.co.uk/node/14276|title=Ekklesia – Turkish Protestants still face 'long path' to religious freedom|date=8 Maret 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=khadijabibi |url=http://www.chowk.com/ilogs/74358/51514 |title=35,000 Muslims convert into Christianity each year in Turkey |publisher=Chowk.com |date=30 Oktober 2009 |accessdate=19 November 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120924020548/http://www.chowk.com/ilogs/74358/51514 |archivedate=24 September 2012 }}</ref> Kazakstan,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stat.kz/p_perepis/Documents/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%20%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2.rar |title=Нац состав.rar |accessdate=24 Juli 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723084232/http://www.stat.kz/p_perepis/Documents/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%20%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2.rar |archivedate=23 Juli 2011 }}</ref> Kirgistan,<ref name="academia.edu"/> Kosovo,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.economist.com/node/12868180|title=Conversion rate|date=30 Desember 2008|via=The Economist}}</ref> Amerika Serikat,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ncregister.com/daily-news/why-are-millions-of-muslims-becoming-christian/|title=Why Are Millions of Muslims Becoming Christian?}}</ref> dan Asia Tengah.<ref>{{cite web|author=Jeni Mitchell |url=http://icsr.info/blog-item.php?id=111 |title=FREEradicals – Targeting Christians in Central Asia |publisher=Icsr.info |date= |accessdate=17 Agustus 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224154546/http://icsr.info/blog-item.php?id=111 |archivedate=24 Februari 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.opendoorsusa.org/pray/prayer-updates/2011/December/Christianity-Is-Alive-in-Central-Asia |title=Despite Government Set-backs, Christianity Is Alive in Central Asia |publisher=Opendoorsusa.org |date=30 November 2011 |accessdate=17 Agustus 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120110173826/http://www.opendoorsusa.org/pray/prayer-updates/2011/December/Christianity-Is-Alive-in-Central-Asia |archivedate=10 January 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Dilaporkan pula bahwa agama Kristen cukup populer di kalangan orang-orang dari latar belakang yang berbeda-beda di India (sebagian besar beragama Hindu),<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4290843.stm |work=BBC News | first=Narayan | last=Bareth | title=State to bar religious conversion | date=23 Februari 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/keyword/religious-conversions/recent/5 |work=The Times of India |location=India |title=Religious Conversions |access-date=2018-08-11 |archive-date=2013-11-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104044335/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/keyword/religious-conversions/recent/5 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Malaysia,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.christianaggression.org/item_display.php?id=1116227550&type=news |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071123035716/http://www.christianaggression.org/item_display.php?type=NEWS&id=1116227550 |dead-url=yes |archive-date=23 November 2007 |title=160,000 Have Converted Out of Hinduism in Malaysia in 25 Years |publisher=Christianaggression.org |date=16 Mei 2005 |accessdate=19 November 2010 }}</ref> Mongolia,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mongolia-attractions.com/religions-in-mongolia.html |title=Religions in Mongolia |publisher=Mongolia-attractions.com |date= |accessdate=19 November 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513073925/https://www.mongolia-attractions.com/religions-in-mongolia.html |archivedate=13 Mei 2011 |df=dmy }}</ref> Nigeria,<ref name="Religious Demographic Profiles">[http://pewforum.org/world-affairs/countries/?countryID=150 Religious Demographic Profiles – Pew Forum] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100421200729/http://pewforum.org/world-affairs/countries/?countryID=150 |date=21 April 2010 }}</ref> Vietnam,<ref name="liberty">{{cite web|title=Annual Report on International Religious Freedom for 2005 – Vietnam |work=U.S. Department of State |date=30 Juni 2005 |url=http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rsd/rsddocview.html?tbl=RSDCOI&id=437c9cdd2&count=0 |accessdate=11 Maret 2007 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061020211314/http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rsd/rsddocview.html?tbl=RSDCOI&id=437c9cdd2&count=0 |archivedate=20 Oktober 2006}}</ref> Singapura,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://newnation.sg/2011/01/christianity-non-religious-register-biggest-growth-census-2010/ |title=Christianity, non-religious register biggest growth: Census 2010 |publisher=Newnation.sg |date=13 Januari 2011 |accessdate=17 Agustus 2012}}</ref> Indonesia,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5gZ68H857ADsOp81TePJQmLhShESw |title=In Indonesia, Lunar New Year an old practice for young Christians |publisher=Webcitation.org |date= |accessdate=17 Agustus 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/60y2wqSF7?url=http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5gZ68H857ADsOp81TePJQmLhShESw |archivedate=15 Agustus 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/27/opinion/27iht-edbrazier.html?_r=1 |title=In Indonesia, the Chinese go to church |publisher=Nytimes.com |date=27 April 2006 |accessdate=17 Agustus 2012}}</ref> Tiongkok,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-12060445/Christianity-2010-a-vie-from.html |title=Christianity 2010: a view from the new Atlas of Global Christianity |publisher=Goliath.ecnext.com |date=1 Januari 2010 |accessdate=17 Agustus 2012}}</ref> Jepang,<ref name="christianpost.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.christianpost.com/news/more-people-claim-christian-faith-in-japan-1549/|title=More People Claim Christian Faith in Japan}}</ref> dan Korea Selatan.<ref>{{cite news|last=Landau |first=Christopher |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8322072.stm |title=Will South Korea become Christian? |publisher=BBC News |date=26 October 2009 |accessdate=17 Agustus 2012}}</ref>