Diare: Perbedaan antara revisi

Dia juga dapat disebabkan oleh konsumsi [[alkohol]] yang berlebihan, terutama dalam seseorang yang tidak cukup makan.

 

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To evacuate the contents of the lower digestive tract, the fluidity of the contents of the small and large intestines is increased. [[Active transport]] of Na⁺ back into the gut initiates a reverse sodium transport. This causes both [[chlorine|Cl^-]] and [[bicarbonate|HCO₃]] to follow passively, as well as water. Now in the intestines, the water dilutes toxins as well as triggers contractions of the intestine due to increase in intestinal distension. These contractions push the contents of the lower GI tract towards and out of the anal canal. [[Medication]]s such as [[loperamide]] are designed to prevent such contractions in response to the distension, and should not be used to prevent diarrhea. Such inhibition actually prolongs the infection or irritation, and can cause a worsening over time because the evacuation of the bowel contents has been delayed.

 

This may be defined as diarrhea that lasts less than 2 weeks, and is also called [[gastroenteritis]].

 

*Hormone-secreting tumors: some hormones (e.g. [[serotonin]]) can cause diarrhea if excreted to excess (usually from a tumor).

*Bile salt diarrhea: excess bile salt entering the [[colon (anatomy)|colon]] rather then being absorbed at the end of the [[small intestine]] can cause diarrhea, typically shortly after eating. Bile salt diarrhea is a possible side-effect of [[gallbladder]] removal. It is usually treated with [[cholestyramine]], a [[bile acid sequestrant]].

 

#[[Opioids]] and their analogs should not be used for infectious diarrhea as they are said to prolong the illness and may increase the risk of a carrier state. Opioids are the most effective antidiarrheals available. Their principal method of action is to inhibit peristalsis. [[Loperamide]], also known as [[Imodium]], is the most commonly used antidiarrheal. Loperamide is chemically related to the drug [[meperidine]] or [[Demerol]], but does not cross the blood-brain barrier and does not appear to induce tolerance or dependence. Other opioids used to control diarrhea (in increasing order of strength) are: [[Lomotil]] ([[diphenoxylate]] with [[atropine]]); [[Lonox]] ([[difenoxin]] with atropine); [[codeine]]; [[opium]] [[tincture]] (laudanum); and [[morphine]]. The most potent opioids are generally reserved for chronic diarrhea (e.g., from complications of [[AIDS]]).

#[[Antibiotic]]s: antibiotics may be required if a bacterial cause is suspected and the patient is medically ill. They are sometimes also indicated for workers with carrier states in order to clear up an infection so that the person can resume work. Parasite-related diarrhea (e.g. [[giardiasis]]) require appropriate antibiotics. Antibiotics are not routinely used, as the cause is rarely bacterial and antibiotics may further upset intestinal flora and ''worsen'' rather than improve the diarrhea. ''[[Clostridium difficile]]''-associated diarrhea and [[pseudomembranous colitis]] is often caused by antibiotic use.