Seks anal: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Seks anal memiliki dua risiko utama yaitu [[infeksi]] akibat banyaknya [[mikroorganisme]] berbahaya yang tidak ditemukan di bagian tubuh lainnya serta luka pada anus dan rektum karena kerentanannya.<ref name="Krasner">{{Cite book|first= R. I |last=Krasner |year=2010 |title=The Microbial Challenge: Science, Disease and Public Healt|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nThtlYxP84QC&pg=PA416|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers|pages= 416–417 |isbn=0763797359}}</ref><ref name="Werner">{{cite book|first1=W. W. K. |last1=Hoeger|first2=S. A. |last2=Hoeger |date=2010|title=Lifetime Fitness and Wellness: A Personalized Program|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0aw8AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA455|publisher=Cengage Learning|page=455|isbn=1133008585}}</ref> [[Penetrasi]] anal tanpa pengaman ([[bareback (seks)|''bareback'']] atau tanpa [[kondom]]),<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Partridge |first1=E.|year=2006 |title=The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English: A-I (reprint)|first2=Tom |last2=D. |first3=Terry|last3=V. |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-0-415-25937-8 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=4YfsEgHLjboC |quote=Bareback&nbsp;– to engage in sex without a condom. |page=92}}</ref> berisiko lebih tinggi untuk menularkan [[penyakit menular seksual]] (PMS, ''sexually transmitted infections'', STI/STD) karena [[sfingter]] anus cenderung halus dan rentan terhadap luka yang dapat menjadi pintu masuk bagi kuman.<ref name="Krasner"/><ref name="Werner"/> Penggunaan kondom, [[lubrikan]] yang lebih dari cukup untuk menghindari luka,<ref name="Carroll"/><ref name=lubrication/> serta perilaku [[seks aman|seks yang aman]] dapat mengurangi risiko penularan PMS.<ref name="Werner"/><ref name="Ignatavicius and Workman">{{cite book| first1 = D. D.|last1= Ignatavicius| first2=M. L.|last2= Workman | title = Medical-Surgical Nursing: Patient-Centered Collaborative Care| publisher = [[Elsevier Health Sciences]] | year = 2013 | page = 1655 | accessdate =2015-04-30|isbn = 0323293441| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=-rjwAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1655}}</ref> Kondom juga masih dapat bocor atau lepas saat seks anal. Sempitnya sfingter anal juga dapat membuat kondom lebih mudah rusak.<ref name="Werner"/>
 
Seseorang yang positif [[HIV]] dapat menularkan HIV melalui seks anal.<ref name="Krasner"/><ref name="Werner"/><ref name="Hales">{{Cite book|first=D.|last=Hales|title=An Invitation to Health Brief 2010-2011| publisher = [[Cengage Learning]]|year = 2008|accessdate=2013-08-29|pages =269–271| isbn = 0495391921|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oP91HVIMPRIC&pg=PA269}}</ref> Risiko dan penyakit lain yang dapat ditularkan melalui seks anal adalah [[human papillomavirus|papillomavirus (HPV)]] (yang dapat meningkatkan risiko [[kanker anus]]);<ref name="Anal cancer">
* {{cite web| title=Detailed Guide: Anal Cancer What Are the Key Statistics About Anal Cancer?|publisher=[[American Cancer Society]]|date=2014-05-02|accessdate= 2014-09-14|url=http://www.cancer.org/cancer/analcancer/detailedguide/anal-cancer-what-is-key-statistics}}
* {{cite web| title=What are the risk factors for anal cancer?|publisher=[[American Cancer Society]]|date=2014-05-02|accessdate= 2014-09-14|url=http://www.cancer.org/cancer/analcancer/detailedguide/anal-cancer-risk-factors}}
</ref>; [[tifus]];<ref>{{cite journal|title = Sexual Transmission of Typhoid Fever: A Multistate Outbreak among Men Who Have Sex with Men|last1 = Reller|first1 = Megan E.|last2 = Olsen|first2 = Sonja J.|last3 = Kressel|first3 = Amy B.|last4 = Moon|first4 = Troy D.|last5 = Kubota|first5 = Kristy A.|last6 = Adcock|first6 = Kristy A.|last7 = Nowicki|first7 = Scott F.|last8 = Mintz|first8 = Eric D.|journal = Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume = 37|issue = 1|year = 2003|pages = 141–4 |doi = 10.1086/375590}}</ref> [[amoebiasis]]; [[infeksi chlamydia|chlamydia]];<ref name="Hales"/> [[kriptosporidiosis]]; [[Escherichia coli|infeksi ''E. coli'']]; [[giardiasis]]; [[gonorrhea]];<ref name="Hales"/> [[hepatitis A]]; [[hepatitis B]]; [[hepatitis C]]; [[herpes simpleks]];<ref name="Hales"/> [[virus herpes manusia-8]] (HHV-8);<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Pauk J, Huang ML, Brodie SJ |title=Mucosal shedding of human herpesvirus 8 in men |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=343 |issue=19 |pages=1369–77 |date=November 2000 |pmid=11070101 |doi=10.1056/NEJM200011093431904 |url=|display-authors=etal}}</ref> [[limfogranuloma venereum]]; ''[[Mycoplasma hominis]]''; ''[[Mycoplasma genitalium]]''; [[Pthirus pubis|kutu kelamin]];<ref name="Hales"/> [[salmonellosis]]; [[shigella]]; [[sifilis]];<ref name="Hales"/> [[tuberkulosis]]; dan ''[[Ureaplasma urealyticum]]''.<ref name=STDchina>{{Cite journal|title=High Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Jiangsu Province, China|last1=Weiss|first1=Margaret D.|last2=Wasdell|first2=Michael B.|last3=Bomben|first3=Melissa M.|last4=Rea|first4=Kathleen J.|last5=Freeman|first5=Roger D.|last6=Xue|first6=H|last7=Yang|first7=H|last8=Zhang|first8=G|last9=Shao|first9=C|date=2006|volume=33|issue=2|pages=118–123|doi=10.1097/01.olq.0000199763.14766.2b|pmid=16432484|url=http://journals.lww.com/stdjournal/Fulltext/2006/02000/High_Prevalence_of_Sexually_Transmitted_Diseases.10.aspx|journal=Sex Transm Dis}}</ref>
 
Seperti hubungan seks lainnya, orang yang masih awam terkait risiko penyakit menular seksual (PMS) akan lebih mudah tertular. Karena beberapa pandangan di masyarakat yang menyebutkan bahwa seks anal itu bukan "seks betulan" sehingga tidak menghilangkan keperjakaan/keperawanan, kalangan remaja dan penduduk usia muda dapat menganggap bahwa seks vagina lebih berisiko daripada anal atau bahwa PMS hanya menular lewat seks vagina.<ref name="Kumar">{{cite book |first=B. |last=Kumar |first2=S. |last2=Gupta| title = Sexually Transmitted Infections| publisher =[[Elsevier Health Sciences]]|year = 2014|page=123|accessdate = 2016-12-15| isbn = 8131229785|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=kQ9tAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA123}}</ref><ref name="White">{{cite book |first=K.|last= O'Connell White| title = Talking Sex With Your Kids: Keeping Them Safe and You Sane - By Knowing What They're Really Thinking| publisher =[[Adams Media]]|year = 2010|pages=85–86|accessdate = 2015-05-01| isbn = 1440506841 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=SGSJfC8ku_4C&pg=PA85}}</ref><ref name="Pearson">{{cite book |first=T. |last=Pearson| title = The Challenging Years: Shedding Light on Teen Sexuality| publisher =[[WestBow Press]]|year = 2012|page=63|accessdate = 2016-12-15| isbn = 1449773281 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=AiedzzsCoz0C&pg=PT63}}</ref> Pandangan demikian dapat menjadi penyebab mengapa penelitian menunjukan bahwa kondom lebih jarang digunakan saat seks anal.<ref name="Kumar"/>