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=== Raja dan menteri ===
{| style="float:right;"
|[[Berkas:Chess_kll45.svg]]
|[[Berkas:Chess_qll45.svg]]
|[[Berkas:Chess_kdl45.svg]]
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Dua diagram pertama di bawah menunjukkan dasar-dasar sekakmat dengan Menteri, yang dapat terjadi di setiap sisi papan. Secara alamiah, posisi yang pasti dapat bervariasi menurut diagram. Dalam posisi pertama, Menteri langsung menghadapi Raja lawan dan Raja putih melindungi sang Menteri. Dalam posisi sekakmat kedua, Raja berada pada posisi berlawanan dan Menteri memberi mat baik posisi horizontal atau vertikal terhadap Raja.{{Chess diagram small|tleft|51=|37=|38=|39=|40=|41=|42=|43=|44=|45=|46=|47=|48=|49=|50=|52=|35=|53=|54=|55=|56=|57=|58=|59=|60=|61=|62=|63=|64=|65=|66=|36=|34=|Mat sokong|17=|||||||||||xo||||18=|33=|19=kd|20=ql|21=kl|22=|23=|24=|25=|26=|27=|28=|29=xo|30=|31=|32=|67=Raja putih dapat di c5 atau c7.<ref name=pand09p22>{{harvnb|Pandolfini|2009|p=22}}</ref>}}{{Chess diagram small|tleft|51=|37=|38=|39=|40=|41=|42=xo|43=|44=|45=|46=|47=|48=|49=|50=xo|52=|35=|53=|54=|55=|56=|57=|58=xo|59=|60=|61=|62=|63=|64=|65=|66=ql|36=|34=|Mat siku-siku|17=||||||||xo|||||||18=|33=|19=|20=|21=|22=|23=|24=kl|25=|26=kd|27=|28=|29=|30=|31=|32=|67=Menteri putih dapat berada pada kotak yang ditandai<ref name=pand09p23>{{harvnb|Pandolfini|2009|p=23}}</ref>}}{{Chess diagram small|tleft|51=|37=|38=|39=|40=|41=|42=|43=|44=|45=|46=|47=|48=|49=kl|50=|52=|35=|53=|54=|55=|56=|57=|58=|59=xo|60=xo|61=xo|62=xo|63=ql|64=xo|65=|66=kd|36=|34=|Mat pojok|17=|||||||||||||||18=|33=|19=|20=|21=|22=|23=|24=|25=|26=|27=|28=|29=|30=|31=|32=|67=Menteri putih dapat berada di kotak yang ditandai.<ref name=pand09p23 />}}<!-- {{chess diagram-fen
|fen=8/8/8/7Q/8/7k/5K2/8
|size=23
|align=tleft
|reverse=false
|header= Outer row mate
|footer=<ref name=pand09p23>{{harvnb|Pandolfini|2009|p=23</ref>
}} -->{{Chess diagram small|tleft|51=|37=|38=|39=|40=|41=|42=|43=|44=|45=|46=|47=|48=|49=|50=kd|52=|35=|53=|54=|55=|56=kl|57=|58=|59=|60=|61=|62=|63=|64=|65=|66=|36=|34=ql|Mat pinggir|17=|||||||||||||||18=|33=|19=|20=|21=|22=|23=|24=|25=|26=|27=|28=|29=|30=|31=|32=|67={{harvnb|Pandolfini|2009|p=23}}}}{{Clear}}<!-- {{chess diagram-fen
|fen=8/8/8/8/4k3/8/8/QK6
|size=23
|align=tleft
|reverse=false
|header=
|footer= White checkmates easily in this position.
}} -->{{Chess diagram small|tleft|51=|37=|38=|39=kd|40=|41=|42=|43=|44=|45=|46=|47=|48=|49=|50=|52=|35=|53=|54=|55=|56=|57=|58=|59=ql|60=kl|61=|62=|63=|64=|65=|66=|36=|34=||17=|||||||||||||||18=|33=|19=|20=|21=|22=|23=|24=|25=|26=|27=|28=|29=|30=|31=|32=|67=White checkmates easily.}}With the side with the queen to move, checkmate can be forced in at most ten moves from any starting position, with [[optimal play]] by both sides, but usually fewer moves are required.<ref>{{harvnb|Fine|Benko|2003|pp=1–2}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Müller|Lamprecht|2001|p=16}}</ref> In positions in which a pawn has just [[Promotion (chess)|promoted]] to a queen, at most nine moves are required.<ref>{{harvnb|Levy|Newborn|1991|p=144}}</ref>
In the position diagrammed, White checkmates easily by confining the black king to a rectangle and shrinking the rectangle to {{chessgloss|forcing move|force}} the king to the edge of the board:
: {{pad}}'''1. Qf6 Kd5 2. Qe7 Kd4 3. Kc2 Kd5 4. Kc3 Kc6 5. Kc4 Kb6 6. Qd7 Ka6 7. Qb5+ Ka7 8. Kc5 Ka8 9. Kc6 Ka7 10. Qb7{{chessAN|#}}'''<ref>{{harvnb|Seirawan|2003|pp=4–5}}</ref>
{{Clear}}'''Avoid stalemate'''{{chess diagram-fen|fen=k7/2Q5/8/8/8/8/8/7K|size=23|align=tleft|reverse=false|header=|footer=Stalemate if Black is to move. The white queen blocks off all possible moves for Black, regardless of where the white king is placed on the board.}}<!-- {{Chess diagram small
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|Stalemate if Black is to move. The white king can be anywhere (except a7, b7, or b8, which would be an {{chessgloss|illegal position}}).
}} -->{{chess diagram-fen|fen=8/2Q5/k7/2K5/8/8/8/8|size=23|align=tleft|reverse=false|header=|footer=This is stalemate if Black is to move.}}<!-- {{Chess diagram small
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|Stalemate if Black is to move
}} -->The superior side must be careful to not [[stalemate]] the opposing king, whereas the defender would like to get into such a position. There are two general types of stalemate positions that can occur, which the stronger side must avoid.<ref name="fine03p2">{{harvnb|Fine|Benko|2003|p=2}}</ref>{{Clear}}
=== King and rook ===<!-- {{chess diagram-fen
|fen=3k2R1/8/3K4/8/8/8/8/8
|size=23
|align=tleft
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|footer= Checkmate with the rook (a right triangle mate)
}} -->
{{Chess diagram small|tleft|52=|38=|39=|40=|41=|42=|43=|44=|45=|46=|47=|48=|49=|50=|51=|53=|36=|54=|55=|56=|57=|58=|59=|60=|61=|62=|63=|64=|65=|66=|67=Checkmate with the rook (a right triangle mate)|37=|35=||17=||||kd|||rl||||||||18=|34=|27=|33=|32=|31=|30=|29=|28=|26=|19=|25=|24=|23=|22=kl|21=|20=|68=}}<!-- {{chess diagram-fen
|fen=5R1k/8/6K1/8/8/8/8/8
|size=23
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|footer= A cornered checkmate with the rook<ref name=pand09p36 />
-->{{Chess diagram small|tleft|52=|38=|39=|40=|41=|42=|43=|44=|45=|46=|47=|48=|49=|50=|51=|53=|36=|54=|55=|56=|57=|58=|59=|60=|61=|62=|63=|64=|65=|66=|67=A cornered checkmate with the rook<ref name=pand09p36>{{harvnb|Pandolfini|2009|p=36}}</ref>|37=|35=||17=||||||rl||kd|||||||18=|34=|27=|33=|32=|31=|30=|29=|28=|26=|19=|25=kl|24=|23=|22=|21=|20=|68=}}<!-- {{chess diagram-fen
|fen=8/8/8/4k3/8/8/4K3/4R3
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|footer= White checkmates by boxing in the black king.
}}
-->{{Chess diagram small|tleft|51=|37=|38=|39=|40=|41=|42=|43=|44=|45=|46=|47=|48=|49=|50=|52=|35=|53=|54=|55=kl|56=|57=|58=|59=|60=|61=|62=|63=rl|64=|65=|66=|36=|34=||17=|||||||||||||||18=|33=|19=|20=|21=|22=|23=|24=|25=|26=|27=|28=|29=|30=|31=kd|32=|67=White checkmates by boxing in the black king.}}
{| style="float:right;"
|[[Berkas:Chess_kll45.svg]]
|[[Berkas:Chess_rll45.svg]]
|[[Berkas:Chess_kdl45.svg]]
|}
{{Clear}}The first diagram shows the basic checkmate position with a [[Rook (chess)|rook]], which can occur on any edge of the board. The black king can be on any square on the edge of the board, the white king is in opposition to it, and the rook can check from any square on the rank or file (assuming that it cannot be captured). The second diagram shows a slightly different position where the kings are not in opposition but the defending king must be in a corner.
With the side with the rook to move, checkmate can be forced in at most sixteen moves from any starting position.<ref name="fine03p2" /> Again, see [[wikibooks:Chess/The Endgame|Wikibooks – Chess/The Endgame]] for a demonstration of how the king and rook versus king mate is achieved.
In the third diagram position, White checkmates by confining the black king to a rectangle and shrinking the rectangle to force the king to the edge of the board:
: '''1. Kd3+ Kd5 2. Re4 Kd6 3. Kc4{{chesspunc|!}} Kc6 4. Re6+ Kc7 5. Kc5 Kd7 6. Kd5 Kc7 7. Rd6 Kb7 8. Rc6 Ka7 9. Kc5 Kb7 10. Kb5 Ka7 11. Rb6 Ka8 12. Kc6 Ka7 13. Kc7 Ka8 14. Ra6#''' (second checkmate position, rotated).<ref>{{harvnb|Seirawan|2003|pp=1–4}}</ref>
'''Avoid stalemate'''
There are two stalemate positions:<ref>{{harvnb|Fine|Benko|2003|pp=2–3}}</ref>{{chess diagram-fen|fen=k7/1R6/2K5/8/8/8/8/8|size=23|align=tleft|reverse=false|header=|footer=This is stalemate if Black is to move. The white king can also be on c7 or b6.}}<!-- {{Chess diagram small
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|Stalemate if Black is to move
}} -->{{chess diagram-fen|fen=k1K5/7R/8/8/8/8/8/8|size=23|align=tleft|reverse=false|header=|footer=This is stalemate if Black is to move.}}<!-- {{Chess diagram small
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|Stalemate if Black is to move
}} -->{{Clear}}
=== {{anchor|Two bishops}}Raja dan dua gajah ===
{| style="float:right;"
|[[Berkas:Chess_kll45.svg]]
|[[Berkas:Chess_bll45.svg]]
|[[Berkas:Chess_bld45.svg]]
|[[Berkas:Chess_kdl45.svg]]
|}
{| align="right" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0"
|+Checkmates with two bishops
|{{Chess diagram small|tright|52=|38=|39=|40=|41=|42=|43=|44=|45=|46=|47=|48=|49=|50=|51=|53=|36=|54=|55=|56=|57=|58=|59=|60=|61=|62=|63=|64=|65=|66=|67=|37=|35=||17=|kd||||||||||bl||||18=|34=|27=|33=|32=|31=|30=|29=|28=|26=|19=|25=|24=|23=|22=|21=bl|20=kl|68=}}
|{{Chess diagram small|tright|52=|38=|39=|40=|41=|42=|43=|44=|45=|46=|47=|48=|49=|50=|51=|53=|36=|54=|55=|56=|57=|58=|59=|60=|61=|62=|63=|64=|65=|66=|67=|37=|35=||17=||kd||||||||bl|||||18=|34=|27=|33=|32=|31=|30=|29=|28=|26=|19=|25=|24=|23=|22=bl|21=|20=kl|68=}}
|{{pad}}
|}
Here are the two basic checkmate positions with two [[Bishop (chess)|bishops]] (on opposite-colored squares), which can occur in any corner. (Two or more bishops of the same color, which could occur because of pawn [[underpromotion]], cannot checkmate.) The first is a checkmate in the corner. The second position is a checkmate on a side square next to the corner square (this position can theoretically occur anywhere along an edge, but can only be forced adjacent to a corner). With the side with the bishops to move, checkmate can be forced in at most nineteen moves,<ref name="muller01p17">{{harvnb|Müller|Lamprecht|2001|p=17}}</ref> except in some very rare positions (0.03% of the possible positions).<ref name="speel7">{{harvnb|Speelman|Tisdall|Wade|1993|p=7}}</ref>
It is not too difficult for two bishops to force checkmate, with the aid of their king. Two principles apply:
* The bishops are best when they are near the {{chessgloss|center}} of the board and on adjacent diagonals. This cuts off the opposing king.
* The king must be used aggressively, in conjunction with the bishops.
{{Clear}}
{| align="right" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0"
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|{{Chess diagram small|tright|52=|38=kd|39=|40=|41=|42=|43=|44=|45=|46=|47=|48=|49=|50=|51=|53=|36=|54=|55=|56=|57=|58=|59=|60=|61=bl|62=kl|63=|64=bl|65=|66=|67=Two bishops and king can force mate.|37=|35=|From Seirawan|17=|||||||||||||||18=|34=|27=|33=|32=|31=|30=|29=|28=|26=|19=|25=|24=|23=|22=|21=|20=|68=}}
|}
In the position from Seirawan, White wins by first forcing the black king to the side of the board, then to a corner, and then checkmates. It can be any side of the board and any corner. The process is:
: '''1. Ke2 Ke4''' (Black tries to keep his king near the center) '''2. Be3 Ke5''' (forcing the king back, which is done often) '''3. Kd3 Kd5 4. Bd4 Ke6 5. Ke4 Kd6''' (Black tries a different approach to stay near the center) '''6. Bc4''' (White has a fine position; the bishops are centralized and the king is active) '''6... Kc6''' (Black avoids going toward the side) '''7. Ke5 Kd7''' (Black is trying to avoid the a8-corner) '''8. Bd5''' (keeping the black king off c6) '''8... Kc7 9. Bc5 Kd7 10. Bd6!''' (an important move that forces the king to the edge of the board) '''10... Ke8''' (Black is still avoiding the corner) '''11. Ke6''' (now the black king cannot get off the edge of the board) '''11... Kd8 12. Bc6''' (forcing the king toward the corner) '''12... Kc8''' (Black's king is confined to c8 and d8; the white king must cover a7 and b7) '''13. Kd5''' (13. Ke7{{chesspunc|?}} is [[stalemate]]) '''13... Kd8 14. Kc5 Kc8 15. Kb6 Kd8''' (now White must allow the king to move into the corner) '''16. Bc5 Kc8 17. Be7!''' (an important move that forces the king toward the corner) '''17... Kb8 18. Bd7!''' (the same principle as the previous move) '''18... Ka8 19. Bd8''' (White must make a move that gives up a [[Tempo (chess)|tempo]]; this move is such a move, along with Bc5, Bf8, Be6, or Ka6) '''19... Kb8 20. Bc7+ Ka8 21. Bc6#''' (as the first diagram in this section).<ref>{{harvnb|Seirawan|2003|pp=5–7}}</ref>
Note that this is not the shortest forced checkmate from this position. Müller and Lamprecht give a fifteen-move solution; however, it contains an inaccurate move by Black (according to [[Endgame tablebase|endgame tablebases]]).<ref name="muller01p17" />
'''Avoid stalemate'''{{Chess diagram small|tleft|51=|37=bl|38=|39=|40=|41=|42=|43=|44=|45=|46=|47=|48=|49=|50=|52=|35=|53=|54=|55=|56=|57=|58=|59=|60=|61=|62=|63=|64=|65=|66=|36=|34=|From Silman|17=|kd||||||||||bl||||18=|33=|19=|20=xx|21=kl|22=|23=|24=|25=|26=|27=|28=|29=|30=|31=|32=|67=1.Kb6 would be stalemate.}}One example of a stalemate is this position, where '''1. Kb6''' (marked with the x) would be stalemate.<ref>{{harvnb|Silman|2007|p=191}}</ref>{{Clear}}
==Referensi==
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