Arya: Perbedaan antara revisi

{{Topik Indo-Eropa}}

'''"Arya"'''<ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/aryan "Aryan"]. ''[[Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary]].''</ref> adalah sebutan yang diberikan kepada orang Indo-Iran.{{refn|group=catatan|name=Fortson}} Istilah ini digunakan oleh [[bangsa Indo-Arya]] pada [[periode Weda]] di [[India]] sebagai nama etnisnya sendiri dan kemudian merujuk pada status sosial dan wilayah geografis yang diberi nama ''Āryāvarta'', tempat kebudayaan bangsa [[Bangsa Indo-Arya|Indo-Arya]] berada (di daerah tersebut).<ref name="Gopal 1990 70">{{Cite book|title=India through the ages|url=https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada|last=Gopal|first=Madan|year=1990|page=[https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada/page/70 70]|editor-last=K.S. Gautam|publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India}}</ref><ref>Michael Cook (2014), ''Ancient Religions, Modern Politics: The Islamic Case in Comparative Perspective'', Princeton University Press, p.68: "Aryavarta [...] is defined by Manu as extending from the great Himalayas in the north to the Vindhyas of Central India in the south and from the sea in the west to the sea in the east."</ref> [[Bangsa Iran|Orang bangsa Iran]] juga menggunakan nama Arya untuk menyebut dirinya sendiri dalam kitab-kitab suci [[Avesta]], dan kata tersebut menjadi sumber [[etimologi]]s nama ''[[Iran]]''.{{Sfn|Mallory|1991|p=125}}<ref name="Oxford English Dictionary">[http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50012669?single=1&query_type=word&queryword=aryan&first=1&max_to_show=10 Oxford English Dictionary: "Aryan from Sanskrit Arya 'Noble'"]</ref><ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica1">Encyclopædia Britannica: " ...the Sanskrit term arya ("noble" or "distinguished"), the linguistic root of the word (Aryan)..." "It is now used in linguistics only in the sense of the term Indo-Aryan languages, a branch of the larger Indo-European language family"</ref><ref name="Aryans and British India by Thomas R. Trautman">Thomas R. Trautman (2004): "Aryan is from Arya a Sanskrit word"; page xxxii of [https://books.google.com/books?id=dhbwDFfE9J8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Aryans+and+British+India++Par+Thomas+R.+Trautmann&hl=fr&ei=whZoTMyPIMbfOImwybkF&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Aryans And British India'']</ref> Pada abad ke-19, diyakini bahwa orang "ras Arya" sering digunakan untuk merujuk [[Proto-Indo-Eropa|bangsa Proto-Indo-Eropa]], tetapi teori tersebut kini ditinggalkan.{{Sfn|Fortson, IV|2011|p=209}} Sarjana kelak hanya dapat menunjukkan bahwa "Arya" berkait dengan agama, budaya, dan bahasa, bukan ras.{{Sfn|Anthony|2007|p=11}}<ref>{{Citation|last=Gnoli|first=Gherardo|chapter=Iranian Identity ii. Pre-Islamic Period|title=Encyclopaedia Iranica, online edition|place=New York|year=1996|chapter-url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/iranian-identity-ii-pre-islamic-period}}</ref><ref>Reza Zia-Ebrahimi, [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/tehranbureau/2010/08/post-2.html Iranian Identity, the 'Aryan Race,' and Jake Gyllenhaal], PBS (Public Broadcasting Service), 6 August 2010.</ref>