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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox OS
|name = Unix
|logo =
|screenshot = [[File:Unix history-simple.svg|250px]]
|caption = Evolution of Unix and Unix-like systems
|website = [http://www.unix.org unix.org]
|developer = [[Ken Thompson (computer programmer)|Ken Thompson]], [[Dennis Ritchie]], [[Brian Kernighan]], [[Douglas McIlroy]], and [[Joe Ossanna]] at [[Bell Labs]]
|source_model = Historically [[Closed source software|closed source]], now some Unix projects ([[Berkeley Software Distribution|BSD]] family and [[Illumos]]) are [[open source]]d.
|frequently_updated = yes <!-- Release version update? Don't edit this page, just click on the version number! -->
|programmed_in = [[C (programming language)|C]]
|kernel_type = [[Monolithic Kernel|Monolithic]]
|ui = [[Command-line interface]] & [[Graphical user interface|Graphical]] ([[X Window System]])
|language = English
|family = Unix
|released = {{start date and age|df=yes|1969}}
|license = [[Proprietary software|Proprietary]]
|working_state = Current
}}
 
'''Unix''' (officially trademarked as '''UNIX''', sometimes also written as '''<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Unix</span>''' in small caps) is a [[Computer multitasking|multitasking]], [[multi-user]] computer [[operating system]] originally developed in 1969 by a group of [[American Telephone & Telegraph|AT&T]] employees at [[Bell Labs]], including [[Ken Thompson]], [[Dennis Ritchie]], [[Brian Kernighan]], [[Douglas McIlroy]], [[Michael Lesk]] and [[Joe Ossanna]].<ref name=" Ritchie">{{cite journal
| last = Ritchie
| first = D.M.
| authorlink =
| coauthors = Thompson, K.
| title = The UNIX Time-Sharing System
| journal = Bell System Tech. J.
| volume = 57
| issue = 6
| pages = 1905-1929
| publisher = American Tel. & Tel.
| location = USA
| date = July 1978
| url = http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/bstj/vol57-1978/articles/bstj57-6-1905.pdf
| issn =
| doi =
| id =
| accessdate = December 9, 2012}}</ref> The Unix operating system was first developed in [[assembly language]], but by 1973 had been almost entirely recoded in [[C (programming language)|C]], greatly facilitating its further development and [[Software portability|porting]] to other hardware. Today's Unix system evolution is split into various branches, developed over time by AT&T as well as various commercial vendors, universities (such as [[University of California, Berkeley]]'s [[BSD]]), and [[non-profit]] organizations.
 
[[The Open Group]], an industry standards consortium, owns the UNIX trademark. Only systems fully compliant with and certified according to the [[Single UNIX Specification]] are qualified to use the trademark; others might be called ''Unix system-like'' or ''[[Unix-like]]'', although the Open Group disapproves<ref>[http://www.unix.org/questions_answers/faq.html#7a What is a "Unix-like" operating system?] Unix.org FAQ</ref> of this term. However, the term ''Unix'' is often used informally to denote any operating system that closely resembles the trademarked system.
 
During the late 1970s and early 1980s, the influence of Unix in academic circles led to large-scale adoption of Unix (particularly of the [[Berkeley Software Distribution|BSD]] variant, originating from the [[University of California, Berkeley]]) by commercial startups, the most notable of which are [[Solaris (operating system)|Solaris]], [[HP-UX]], [[Sequent Computer Systems|Sequent]], and [[AIX operating system|AIX]], as well as [[Darwin (operating system)|Darwin]], which forms the core set of components upon which [[Apple Inc.|Apple]]'s [[OS X]], [[Apple TV]], and [[IOS (Apple)|iOS]] are based.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://marketshare.hitslink.com/operating-system-market-share.aspx?qprid=8&qpcustomd=0 |title=Operating system market share |publisher=Marketshare.hitslink.com |date= |accessdate=2012-08-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/OSX_Technology_Overview/SystemTechnology/SystemTechnology.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40001067-CH207-BCICAIFJ |title=Loading |publisher=Developer.apple.com |date= |accessdate=2012-08-22}}</ref> Today, in addition to certified Unix systems such as those already mentioned, [[Unix-like]] operating systems such as [[MINIX]], [[Linux]], and [[BSD]] descendants ([[FreeBSD]], [[NetBSD]], [[OpenBSD]], and [[DragonFly BSD]]) are commonly encountered. The term ''traditional Unix'' may be used to describe an operating system that has the characteristics of either [[Version 7 Unix]] or [[UNIX System V]]."
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