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[[Sejarah Tiongkok#Tiongkok Kuno|Orang-orang Tiongkok]] di [[Periode Negara Perang]] (403-221 SM) memiliki baja [[penyiraman|yang diperkeras dengan penyiraman]],<ref>{{cite book|author=Wagner, Donald B.|year=1993|title=Iron and Steel in Ancient China: Second Impression, With Corrections|publisher=Leiden: E.J. Brill|isbn=90-04-09632-9| page=243}}</ref> sedangkan orang Tiongkok pada periode [[Dinasti Han]] (202 SM - 220 AD) membuat baja dengan melelehkan besi tempa dan besi tuang bersama-sama, menghasilkan produk akhir yaitu baja berkandungan karbon menengah pada abad ke-1 M.<ref name="needham volume 4 part 3 563g">{{cite book|author=Needham, Joseph|year=1986|title=Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Part 3, Civil Engineering and Nautics|publisher=Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd. |page=563}}</ref><ref name="gernet 69">Gernet, Jacques (1982). ''A History of Chinese Civilization''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 69. {{ISBN|0521497817}}.</ref>
[[Orang Haya]] dari [[Afrika Timur]] menemukan sebuah oven yang bisa merekagunakan untuk membuat baja karbon pada suhu {{convert|1802|C|abbr=on}} nyaris 2.000 tahun lalu lamanya. Baja Afrika Timur ini kemungkinan bertanggal 1.400 SM menurut Richard Hooker.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/CIVAFRCA/IRONAGE.HTM |title=Civilizations in Africa: The Iron Age South of the Sahara |publisher=Washington State University |accessdate=2007-08-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070619033436/http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/CIVAFRCA/IRONAGE.HTM |archivedate=2007-06-19 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref><ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,912179,00.html?promoid=googlep Africa's Ancient Steelmakers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723123255/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,912179,00.html?promoid=googlep |date=2013-07-23 }}. ''Time'', September 25, 1978.</ref>
=== Baja Woodz dan Damaskus ===
{{Main article|Baja Wootz|Baja Damaskus}}
Bukti-bukti adanya produksi baja berkarbon tinggi tertua di [[Subkontinen India]] ditemukan di [[Kodumana]], wilayah [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Golconda]] di wilayah [[Andhra Pradesh]] dan [[Karnataka]], serta di wilayah [[Samanalawewa]], [[Sri Langka]].<ref>{{cite news| last = Wilford|first = John Noble|title = Ancient Smelter Used Wind To Make High-Grade Steel|work = The New York Times|date = 1996-02-06|url = https://www.nytimes.com/1996/02/06/science/ancient-smelter-used-wind-to-make-high-grade-steel.html?n=Top%2FNews%2FScience%2FTopics%2FArchaeology%20and%20Anthropology}}</ref> Baja ini dikenal kemudian sebagai [[baja Wootz]], dibuat di India Selatan pada periode abad ke-enam SM dan diekspor ke seluruh dunia.<ref name="SR_IISc">{{cite book |author1=Srinivasan, Sharada |author2=Ranganathan, Srinivasa |title=India's Legendary Wootz Steel: An Advanced Material of the Ancient World |year=2004 |publisher=National Institute of Advanced Studies |oclc=82439861 |url=http://materials.iisc.ernet.in/~wootz/heritage/WOOTZ.htm |access-date=2018-02-06 |archive-date=2019-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190211082829/http://materials.iisc.ernet.in/~wootz/heritage/WOOTZ.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name=ann>{{cite journal |author=Feuerbach, Ann |title=An investigation of the varied technology found in swords, sabres and blades from the Russian Northern Caucasus |url=https://www.es.ucl.ac.uk/iams/jour_25/iams25_Feuerbach.pdf |journal=IAMS |volume=25 |year=2005 |pages=27–43 (p. 29) |access-date=2018-02-06 |archive-date=2011-04-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430044256/https://www.es.ucl.ac.uk/iams/jour_25/iams25_Feuerbach.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Teknologi baja yang sudah ada sebelum 326 SM di wilayah tersebut ditemukan dalam isi literatur [[Literatur Sangam|Tamil Sangam]], Arab dan Latin sebagai baja-baja yang terbaik di dunia dan diekspor ke orang-orang Roma, Mesir, Tiongkok dan Arab pada saat itu - yang mereka sebut ''besi Serik''.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Srinivasan, Sharada | year = 1994 | title = Wootz crucible steel: a newly discovered production site in South India | journal = Papers from the Institute of Archaeology | volume = 5 | pages = 49–59 | doi = 10.5334/pia.60}}</ref> Sebuah [[Prasasti Brahmi Tissamaharama Tamil|Perkumpulan Tamil di Tissamaharama pada tahun 200 SM]], di Tenggara Sri Lanka, membawa serta artifak besi dan baja dari [[periode klasik]].<ref>Hobbies – Volume 68, Issue 5 – Page 45. Lghtner Publishing Company (1963)</ref><ref name="Mahathevan">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/06/24/stories/2010062451701100.htm|title=An epigraphic perspective on the antiquity of Tamil|last=Mahathevan|first=Iravatham|date=24 June 2010|work=The Hindu
Orang Tiongkok dan lokal di wilayah [[Anuradhapura]], Sri Lanka juga mengadopsi metoda pembuatan baja Wootz dari [[Dinasti Chera]] Tamil di India Selatan pada abad ke-5 M.<ref name="needham volume 4 part 1 282">{{cite book|author=Needham, Joseph|year=1986|title=Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Part 1, Civil Engineering and Nautics|publisher=Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd. |page=282|isbn=0521058023|url=https://monoskop.org/images/7/70/Needham_Joseph_Science_and_Civilisation_in_China_Vol_4-1_Physics_and_Physical_Technology_Physics.pdf}}</ref><ref name="Ancient and Mediaeval India. Vol.2 by Charlotte Speir Manning p.365">{{Cite journal | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=nmESJR3a0RYC&pg=PA365 | title = Ancient and Mediæval India. Volume 2 | isbn = 9780543929433 | author1 = Manning | first1 = Charlotte Speir}}</ref> Di Sri Lanka, metoda pembuatan baja kuno ini menggunakan sebuah oven angin yang unik, memanfaatkan [[angin muson]] yang memiliki kemampuan pembuatan baja berkadar karbon tinggi.<ref name="Juleff1">{{cite journal|author=Juleff, G.|title=An ancient wind powered iron smelting technology in Sri Lanka|journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]|volume=379|issue=3|pages=60–63|year=1996|doi=10.1038/379060a0|ref=harv|bibcode = 1996Natur.379...60J }}</ref><ref name="Herbert Henery Coghlan 1977 pp 99-100">Coghlan, Herbert Henery. (1977). ''Notes on prehistoric and early iron in the Old World''. Oxprint. pp. 99–100</ref> Karena hal ini, maka asal-muasal teknologi baja di India bisa diestimasi pada rentang waktu 400-500 SM.<ref name="SR_IISc"/><ref name="Herbert Henery Coghlan 1977 pp 99-100"/>
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* [http://www.worldsteel.org/ World Steel Association (worldsteel)]
* [http://steeluniversity.org/ steeluniversity.org: Online steel education resources from worldsteel and the University of Liverpool]
* [http://www.msm.cam.ac.uk/phase-trans/2005/Fealloys.html Huge archive on steels, Cambridge University] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101230124/http://www.msm.cam.ac.uk/phase-trans/2005/Fealloys.html |date=2017-01-01 }}
* [http://www.wastedtalent.ca/comic/cooking-steel Cooking with Steels]
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=brpx-LtdCLYC&pg=PA26&lpg=PA26&d#v=onepage&q&f=true, Metallurgy for the Non-Metallurgist from the American Society for Metals]
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