Serangan Taliban 2021: Perbedaan antara revisi

| combatant1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Taliban.svg}} [[Taliban]]

* [[Jaringan Haqqani]]<ref name="haqqani">{{Cite news |last=Joscelyn |first=Thomas |date=25 June 2021 |title=Taliban's deputy emir issues guidance for governance in newly seized territory |work=[[FDD's Long War Journal]] |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/06/talibans-deputy-emir-issues-guidance-for-governance-in-newly-seized-territory.php |url-status=live |access-date=19 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719074939/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/06/talibans-deputy-emir-issues-guidance-for-governance-in-newly-seized-territory.php |archive-date=19 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Joscelyn |first=Thomas |date=7 June 2021 |title=U.N. report cites new intelligence on Haqqanis' close ties to al Qaeda |work=[[FDD's Long War Journal]] |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/06/u-n-report-cites-new-intelligence-on-haqqanis-close-ties-to-al-qaeda.php |url-status=live |access-date=19 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719075422/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/06/u-n-report-cites-new-intelligence-on-haqqanis-close-ties-to-al-qaeda.php |archive-date=19 July 2021}}</ref>

| combatant2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Afghanistan (2013–2021).svg}} [[Afganistan|Republik Islam Afganistan]]<br />{{flagicon|Amerika Serikat}} [[Amerika Serikat]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Seldin |first=Jeff |date=5 May 2021 |title=US Airstrikes Target Taliban as Fighting Intensifies |publisher=Voice of America |url=https://www.voanews.com/south-central-asia/us-airstrikes-target-taliban-fighting-intensifies |url-status=live |access-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210708180253/https://www.voanews.com/south-central-asia/us-airstrikes-target-taliban-fighting-intensifies |archive-date=8 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=26 June 2021 |title=US air force targets Taliban position in northern Afghanistan, media reports |publisher=Afghanistan Times |url=http://www.afghanistantimes.af/us-air-force-targets-taliban-position-in-northern-afghanistan-media-reports/ |url-status=live |access-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210702233121/http://www.afghanistantimes.af/us-air-force-targets-taliban-position-in-northern-afghanistan-media-reports/ |archive-date=2 July 2021}}</ref>

| commander1 = {{nowrap|{{flagicon image|Flag of Taliban.svg}} '''[[Hibatullah Akhundzada]]'''}}<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Taliban.svg}} [[Abdul Ghani Baradar]]<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Taliban.svg}} [[Sirajuddin Haqqani]]<ref name="haqqani" /><br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Taliban.svg}} [[Suhail Shaheen]]<ref name="AFFbios">{{Cite web |title=Database |url=http://www.afghan-bios.info/index.php?option=com_afghanbios&id=2464&task=view&total=22&start=14&Itemid=2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714092635/http://www.afghan-bios.info/index.php?option=com_afghanbios&id=2464&task=view&total=22&start=14&Itemid=2 |archive-date=14 July 2021 |access-date=16 July 2021 |website=afghan-bios.info}}</ref><br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Taliban.svg}} [[Mohammad Yaqoob]]<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Taliban.svg}} Abdul Khaliq{{KIA}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taliban shadow governor for Nimruz among 25 killed in Afghan forces operations in Zaranj, Taliqan |url=https://in.news.yahoo.com/taliban-shadow-governor-nimruz-among-053412780.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvLnVrLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAADPPA55mab1WKQxzz825-TWdDCs7HEOaxQdsnPxUUwlzW2YH1d7nekbu8_fdOghkNp9v4fbge-0rBu74ZqqYoJUKV5lub8H-NkLsamccfswx2rkYGo_8I5qKzdIKYVjzN2BzCVYV18NaLnXixLvKfn8GyIp-ic69ZdvXcznSAhEo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813112427/https://in.news.yahoo.com/taliban-shadow-governor-nimruz-among-053412780.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvLnVrLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAADPPA55mab1WKQxzz825-TWdDCs7HEOaxQdsnPxUUwlzW2YH1d7nekbu8_fdOghkNp9v4fbge-0rBu74ZqqYoJUKV5lub8H-NkLsamccfswx2rkYGo_8I5qKzdIKYVjzN2BzCVYV18NaLnXixLvKfn8GyIp-ic69ZdvXcznSAhEo |archive-date=13 August 2021 |access-date=13 August 2021}}</ref><br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Taliban.svg}} Mawlawi Mubarak{{KIA}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Key Taliban commander among 40 dead in Afghanistan |url=https://english.lokmat.com/politics/key-taliban-commander-among-40-dead-in-afghanistan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813112429/https://english.lokmat.com/politics/key-taliban-commander-among-40-dead-in-afghanistan/ |archive-date=13 August 2021 |access-date=13 August 2021}}</ref><br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Taliban.svg}} Qari Khalid{{KIA}}<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=17 Taliban militants killed in fresh army operation in northern Afghanistan: gov't – Xinhua &#124; English.news.cn |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-06/22/c_1310021867.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622164313/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-06/22/c_1310021867.htm |archive-date=22 June 2021 |access-date=15 July 2021 |website=www.xinhuanet.com}}</ref><br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Taliban.svg}} Qari Khalil{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bakhtarnews.af/dozens-of-taliban-killed-in-balkh-operation/|title=Dozens of Taliban Killed in Balkh Operation|date=14 August 2021|website=bakhtarnews.af}}</ref>

* Tentara Afganistan yang membelot<ref>{{Cite web |last=Glinski |first=Stefanie |date=24 September 2020 |title=Feeling Abandoned by Kabul, Many Rural Afghans Flock to Join the Taliban |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/09/24/taliban-kabul-rural-afghans-join-peace-deal/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223073153/https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/09/24/taliban-kabul-rural-afghans-join-peace-deal/ |archive-date=23 December 2020 |access-date=9 August 2021 |website=Foreign Policy |quote=In May, a retired Afghan general in the country’s western Farah province defected to the Taliban—as have army soldiers over the past years.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nossiter |first=Adam |date=31 March 2021 |title=After two decades of fighting, the Taliban believe they have won the war |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/asia-pacific/after-two-decades-of-fighting-the-taliban-believe-they-have-won-the-war-1.4525164 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422233100/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/asia-pacific/after-two-decades-of-fighting-the-taliban-believe-they-have-won-the-war-1.4525164 |archive-date=22 April 2021 |access-date=9 August 2021 |website=The Irish Times |language=en}}</ref>

Kelompok militan lainnya

| units2 = [[Pasukan Keamanan Nasional Afganistan]] (ANSF)

* [[Angkatan Darat Nasional Afganistan]]

Sebuah helikopter [[Mil Mi-17|Mi-17]] milik [[Angkatan Udara Afganistan]] ditembak jatuh oleh Taliban dan menewaskan ketiga pilotnya, sedangkan sebuah helikopter [[Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk|UH-60]] mengalami kerusakan di darat setelah sebuah pos terdepan milik [[Angkatan Darat Nasional Afganistan]] dikepung oleh Taliban pada bulan yang sama.<ref name="reuters_mi17" /><ref name="nyt_BH" /> Pada 16 Juni, gerilyawan Taliban mengeksekusi mati 22 anggota komando Angkatan Darat Afganistan yang menyerah di distrik [[Dawlat Abad, Faryab|Dawlat Abad]]. Di antara anggota yang tewas adalah Mayor Sohrab Azimi, putra dari pensiunan Jenderal Zahir Azimi. Mayor Sohrab mendapat kenaikan pangkat anumerta menjadi brigadir jenderal.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lawrence |first=J. P. |date=21 June 2021 |title=Elite Afghan Troops Were Left to Die in Battle With Taliban, Officials Say |url=https://www.military.com/daily-news/2021/06/21/elite-afghan-troops-were-left-die-battle-taliban-officials-say.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715033008/https://www.military.com/daily-news/2021/06/21/elite-afghan-troops-were-left-die-battle-taliban-officials-say.html |archive-date=15 July 2021 |access-date=14 August 2021 |website=Military.com}}</ref> Saksi mata mengatakan bahwa bahasa percakapan yang digunakan oleh antar anggota gerilyawan Taliban terdengar asing, yang mengindikasikan bahwa para gerilyawan tersebut bukan berasal dari daerah tersebut.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Coren |first=Anna |last2=Sidhu |first2=Sandi |date=14 July 2021 |title=Taliban fighters execute 22 Afghan commandos as they try to surrender |publisher=CNN |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/07/13/asia/afghanistan-taliban-commandos-killed-intl-hnk/index.html |url-status=live |access-date=15 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714215002/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/07/13/asia/afghanistan-taliban-commandos-killed-intl-hnk/index.html |archive-date=14 July 2021}}</ref> Sepanjang bulan tersebut, 703 anggota pasukan ANSF 208 warga sipil tewas selama pertempuran melawan Taliban, sedangkan Kementerian Pertahanan Afganistan mengklaim pihaknya telah menewaskan 1.535 gerilyawan Taliban.<ref name="caslist" /><ref name="cast" /> Pada 19 Juni, [[Presiden Afganistan|Presiden]] [[Ashraf Ghani]] mengganti kepala staf Angkatan Darat Nasional Afganistan, menteri pertahanan, dan menteri dalam negeri.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 June 2021 |title=Afghan president replaces two top ministers, army chief as violence grows |publisher=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/afghan-president-replaces-two-top-ministers-army-chief-violence-grows-2021-06-20/ |url-status=live |access-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185009/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/afghan-president-replaces-two-top-ministers-army-chief-violence-grows-2021-06-20/ |archive-date=9 July 2021}}</ref> Pada akhir bulan Juni, seluruh negara anggota [[Resolute Support Mission]] kecuali Amerika Serikat, Britania Raya, dan Turki telah menarik pasukan tentaranya.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

 

Pada 22 Juni, Taliban merebut [[Shir Khan Bandar]], perlintasan perbatasan utama Afganistan dengan Tajikistan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 June 2021 |title=Taliban capture Afghanistan's main Tajikistan border crossing |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210622-taliban-capture-afghanistan-s-main-tajikistan-border-crossing |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724023651/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210622-taliban-capture-afghanistan-s-main-tajikistan-border-crossing |archive-date=24 July 2021 |access-date=15 July 2021 |website=France 24}}</ref> Tiga belas distrik jatuh ke pihak Taliban hanya dalam kurun waktu 24 jam.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ANDSF Recaptures Three Districts in North as War Intensifies |url=https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-173011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210705040503/https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-173011 |archive-date=5 July 2021 |access-date=15 July 2021 |website=TOLOnews}}</ref> Pada hari yang sama, pertempuran besar juga terjadi di [[Provinsi Baghlan]] setelah pasukan Afganistan melancarkan operasi militer di pinggiran kota [[Pol-e Khomri]] dan menewaskan 17 gerilyawan Taliban yang termasuk Qari Khalid, seorang komandan divisi Taliban.<ref name="auto1" /> Pasukan Taliban secara serentak mengambil alih [[Provinsi Balkh]] dan mengepung Mazari Sharif, ibu kota Provinsi Balkh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hundreds of Public Forces Deployed to Guard Mazar-e-Sharif |url=https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-173013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628004118/https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-173013 |archive-date=28 June 2021 |access-date=24 June 2021 |website=TOLOnews}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Robertson |first=Nic |date=24 June 2021 |title=Afghanistan is disintegrating fast as Biden's troop withdrawal continues |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/06/24/asia/afghanistan-taliban-offensive-intl-cmd/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717095830/https://www.cnn.com/2021/06/24/asia/afghanistan-taliban-offensive-intl-cmd/index.html |archive-date=17 July 2021 |access-date=24 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Pada 23 Juni, terjadi pertempuran antara pasukan Taliban dan tentara Afganistan di dalam kota Pol-e Khomri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Baghlan: Clashes Ongoing in Capital Pul-e-Khumri |url=https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-173033 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628215058/https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-173033 |archive-date=28 June 2021 |access-date=24 June 2021 |website=TOLOnews}}</ref>

 

Pada 27 Juni, [[Distrik Chaki Wardak]] dan [[Distrik Saydabad]] jatuh ke pihak Taliban setelah sedikitnya 50 pasukan tentara Afganistan menyerah dan ditangkap oleh Taliban. Pada hari yang sama, [[Distrik Rustaq]], [[Distrik Shortepa]], dan [[Distrik Arghistan]] jatuh ke pihak Taliban. [[TOLONews]] melaporkan bahwa 108 distrik jatuh ke pihak Taliban dalam dua bulan terakhir dan tentara Afganistan hanya mampu merebut kembali 10 distrik.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Five Districts Fall to Taliban in 24 Hours |url=https://tolonews.com/index.php/afghanistan-173124 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210703123508/https://tolonews.com/index.php/afghanistan-173124 |archive-date=3 July 2021 |access-date=15 July 2021 |website=TOLOnews}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Police Commander Says More Than 50 Afghan Officers Captured By The Taliban |url=https://gandhara.rferl.org/a/afghanitan-50-afghan-officers-captured-taliban/31328474.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210703030349/https://gandhara.rferl.org/a/afghanitan-50-afghan-officers-captured-taliban/31328474.html |archive-date=3 July 2021 |access-date=15 July 2021 |website=RFE/RL}}</ref> Pada 29 Juni, Taliban melancarkan serangan ke kota [[Ghazni]] dan mengakibatkan terjadinya pertempuran di kota tersebut.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taliban fighters launch attack on Ghazni, clash with Afghan troops |url=https://wtvbam.com/2021/06/29/taliban-fighters-launch-attack-on-ghazni-clash-with-afghan-troops/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812162212/https://wtvbam.com/2021/06/29/taliban-fighters-launch-attack-on-ghazni-clash-with-afghan-troops/ |archive-date=12 August 2021 |access-date=15 July 2021 |publisher=WTVB}}</ref>

 

 

Pada bulan Juli, Taliban merebut 64 distrik dari Pemerintah Afganistan dan masuk ke kota [[Kandahar (kota)|Kandahar]] dan [[Herat (kota)|Herat]], masing-masing kota terbesar kedua dan ketiga di Afganistan.<ref name="jul15" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Roggie |first=Bill |date=5 July 2021 |title=Afghanistan at risk of collapse as Taliban storms the north |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/07/afghanistan-at-risk-of-collapse-as-taliban-storms-the-north.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210708040137/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/07/afghanistan-at-risk-of-collapse-as-taliban-storms-the-north.php |archive-date=8 July 2021 |access-date=8 July 2021 |website=FDD's Long War Journal}}{{cite news |last1=Nossiter |first1=Adam |title=Taliban Enter Kandahar City and Seize Border Posts |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/09/world/asia/taliban-kandahar-afghanistan.html |access-date=10 July 2021 |work=The New York Times |date=9 July 2021 |archive-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709222214/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/09/world/asia/taliban-kandahar-afghanistan.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="lwj-herat" /> Sepanjang bulan tersebut, 335 anggota pasukan ANSF dan 189 warga sipil tewas selama pertempuran melawan Taliban, sedangkan Kementerian Pertahanan Afganistan mengklaim pihaknya telah menewaskan 3.159 gerilyawan Taliban.<ref name="caslist" /><ref name="cast" /> Menurut seorang utusan [[Organisasi Traktat Keamanan Kolektif|CSTO]], sekitar 1.500 tentara Afganistan [[Desersi|terdesersi]] ke Tajikistan.<ref name="desert" /> Media Iran melaporkan bahwa sekitar 300 tentara dan warga sipil Afganistan telah melintasi [[Perbatasan Afganistan–Iran|perbatasan]] dan masuk ke Iran untuk melarikan diri dari Taliban.<ref name="desert" />

Pada 5 Juli, [[Presiden Tajikistan]] [[Emomali Rahmon]] mengumumkan pengerahan 20.000 pasukan tentaranya ke [[Perbatasan Afganistan–Tajikistan|perbatasan dengan Afganistan]] untuk menghindari meluasnya perang di Afganistan ke Tajikistan. Pada 9 Juli, [[Organisasi Traktat Keamanan Kolektif|CSTO]] mengumumkan [[Rusia|Federasi Rusia]] akan mengerahkan 7.000 tentaranya ke perbatasan tersebut untuk membantu tentara Tajikistan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Заседание Совета Безопасности Республики Таджикистан {{!}} Президенти Тоҷикистон – President of Tajikistan – Президент Таджикистана – رئيس جمهورية تاجيكستان |url=http://president.tj/ru/node/26124 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711030506/http://president.tj/ru/node/26124 |archive-date=11 July 2021 |access-date=17 July 2021 |website=president.tj}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=GDC |date=9 July 2021 |title=Russia sends troops to Tajikistan, establishes a military base |url=https://www.globaldefensecorp.com/2021/07/09/russia-sends-troops-to-tajikistan-establishes-a-military-base/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717153632/https://www.globaldefensecorp.com/2021/07/09/russia-sends-troops-to-tajikistan-establishes-a-military-base/ |archive-date=17 July 2021 |access-date=17 July 2021 |website=Global Defense Corp |language=en-US}}</ref> Pada 7 Juli, pasukan pendukung pemerintah menggagalkan upaya Taliban untuk merebut kota [[Qala i Naw, Badghis|Qala i Naw]].<ref name="Esfandiari-Ahmadi" /> Pada 8 Juli, Taliban merebut [[Distrik Karukh]], salah satu distrik strategis yang penting di [[Provinsi Herat]].<ref name="lwj-herat">{{Cite news |last=Roggio |first=Bill |date=30 July 2021 |title=Taliban advances on Herat City |publisher=FDD's Long War Journal |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/07/taliban-advances-on-herat-city.php |url-status=live |access-date=31 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730191851/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/07/taliban-advances-on-herat-city.php |archive-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>

 

 

 

 

 

Pada 24 Juli, Pemerintah Afganistan memberlakukan jam lama antara pukul 22.00 hingga 04.00 di seluruh provinsi di Afganistan kecuali Kabul, Panjshir, dan Nangarhar untuk "meredam kerusuhan dan mengurangi pergerakan dan kemajuan Taliban".<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 July 2021 |title=Afghanistan imposes night curfew to curb Taliban advance |agency=Al Jazeera |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/7/24/afghanistan-imposes-night-curfew-amid-surge-in-taliban-advance |url-status=live |access-date=24 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724130729/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/7/24/afghanistan-imposes-night-curfew-amid-surge-in-taliban-advance |archive-date=24 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title="The War has come to their doors" |url=https://www.promethean.news/news/the-war-has-come-to-their-doors |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724172845/https://www.promethean.news/news/the-war-has-come-to-their-doors |archive-date=24 July 2021 |access-date=24 July 2021 |website=Promethean |publisher=Promethean News}}</ref>

 

 

Pada 26 Juli, sebuah laporan yang dibuat oleh [[Deborah Lyons]], seorang perwakilan PBB, menunjukkan peningkatan tajam dalam jumlah kematian warga sipil sebagai dampak dari pertempuran Pemerintah Afganistan dan Taliban. Lyons memohon kepada kedua belah pihak untuk melindungi warga sipil dengan mengatakan bahwa perempuan dan anak-anak juga menjadi korban tewas.<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 July 2021 |title=UN warns of spike in Afghan civilian deaths |work=[[Deutsche Welle]] |url=https://www.dw.com/en/un-warns-of-spike-in-afghan-civilian-deaths/a-58640128 |url-status=live |access-date=26 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726102012/https://www.dw.com/en/un-warns-of-spike-in-afghan-civilian-deaths/a-58640128 |archive-date=26 July 2021}}</ref> Pada hari yang sama, sekitar 46 anggota tentara Afganistan, termasuk 5 perwira, mencari suaka di Pakistan setelah mereka tidak mampu mempertahankan pos militer mereka.<ref name="desert" />

 

 

 

 

Sejak 1 hingga 2 Agustus, wilayah Safian, Qala-i-Kohneh, dan Kariz di pinggiran kota [[Lashkargah]] jatuh ke pihak Taliban. Pertempuran antara tentara Pemerintah Afganistan dan Taliban juga terjadi di pinggiran kota tersebut, dengan Angkatan Udara Afganistan dan Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat menyerang posisi Taliban. Pada 3 Agustus, sebanyak 40 warga sipil tewas 100 lainnya terluka dalam pertempuran tersebut.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Afghanistan: Latest updates on Helmand front, 2 August 2021 |url=https://english.iswnews.com/19938/afghanistan-latest-updates-on-helmand-front-2-august-2021/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802184738/https://english.iswnews.com/19938/afghanistan-latest-updates-on-helmand-front-2-august-2021/ |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=2 August 2021 |website=IWN |language=en-US}}</ref> Setelah merebut stasiun radio Lashkargah, Taliban mulai menyiarkan program radio ''Voice of Sharia''. Para pemberontak juga mulai menyerang Bandara Lashkargah. Sementara itu, Pemerintah Afganistan mengerahkan pasukan tentara tambahan untuk mencegah kota Lashkargah jatuh ke pihak pemberontak.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Roggio |first=Bill |date=5 August 2021 |title=Taliban, Afghan forces battle for control of Helmand's capital |publisher=FDD's Long War Journal |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/08/taliban-afghan-forces-battle-for-control-of-helmands-capital.php |url-status=live |access-date=2 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802213859/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/08/taliban-afghan-forces-battle-for-control-of-helmands-capital.php |archive-date=2 August 2021}}</ref>

 

 

Hingga 5 Agustus, sebanyak 115 anggota pasukan ANSF dan 58 warga sipil tewas dalam pertempuran melawan Taliban, sedangkan Kementerian Pertahanan Afganistan mengklaim pihaknya telah menewaskan 3.197 gerilyawan Taliban sejak awal bulan Agustus.<ref name="caslist" /><ref name="cast" />

Pada 6 Agustus, Taliban membunuh Dawa Khan Minapal, kepala pusat media dan informasi pemerintah di Kabul.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taliban kills head of Afghanistan gov't media department |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/6/afghanistan-taliban-provincial-capitals |access-date=2021-08-20 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Pada hari yang sama, pertempuran besar dilaporkan terjadi di [[Provinsi Jowzjan]] selagi Taliban memasuki ibu kota [[Sheberghan]]. Taliban mengonfirmasi pihaknya bertanggung jawab atas pembunuhan Minapal dan memperingatkan bahwa pihaknya akan menargetkan pejabat administratif senior untuk membalas serangan udara yang terjadi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 August 2021 |title=Taliban kills head of Afghanistan gov't's media department |agency=Al Jazeera |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/6/afghanistan-taliban-provincial-capitals |url-status=live |access-date=6 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806110244/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/6/afghanistan-taliban-provincial-capitals |archive-date=6 August 2021}}</ref> Pada hari yang sama pula, Taliban merebut [[Zaranj]], ibu kota [[Provinsi Nimruz]], menjadikannya sebagai ibu kota provinsi pertama yang direbut Taliban sejak Amerika Serikat menginvasi Afganistan pada tahun 2001.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 August 2021 |title=Taliban take first Afghan province capital |work=The West Australia |agency=AAP |url=https://thewest.com.au/news/conflict/taliban-target-two-provincial-capitals-c-3614411 |url-status=live |access-date=6 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806131022/https://thewest.com.au/news/conflict/taliban-target-two-provincial-capitals-c-3614411 |archive-date=6 August 2021}}</ref> Para pemberontak kemudian membuka penjara setempat, yang memungkinkan para tahanan untuk melarikan diri. Selagi Zaranj dilaporkan telah direbut tanpa perlawanan, wartawan Afganistan Bilal Sarwary menyuarakan kecurigaannya bahwa seseorang telah "menjual" Zaranj kepada Taliban.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Roggio |first=Bill |date=7 August 2021 |title=Taliban takes full control of Nimruz province, seizes capital |publisher=FDD's Long War Journal |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/08/taliban-takes-full-control-of-nimruz-province-seizes-capital.php |url-status=live |access-date=6 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806172052/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/08/taliban-takes-full-control-of-nimruz-province-seizes-capital.php |archive-date=6 August 2021}}</ref> Sebagian besar unggahan di media sosial menampilkan gerilyawan Taliban yang disambut baik oleh beberapa penduduk di kota tersebut, di mana kota tersebut memiliki sejarah panjang pelanggaran hukum. Gambar yang muncul di media sosial menampilkan gerilyawan Taliban mengendarai Humvee yang telah direbutnya berikut SUV mewah dan mobil pikap di sepanjang jalanan kota sambil mengibarkan bendera Taliban selagi penduduk setempat—sebagian besar pemuda—bersorak kepada iring-iringan kendaraan tersebut.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mojaddidi |first=Mushtaq |date=7 August 2021 |title=Second Afghan city falls as Taliban tighten noose over countryside |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/second-afghan-city-falls-as-taliban-tighten-noose-over-countryside/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809064534/https://www.timesofisrael.com/second-afghan-city-falls-as-taliban-tighten-noose-over-countryside/ |archive-date=9 August 2021 |access-date=9 August 2021 |website=www.timesofisrael.com}}</ref> Seorang utusan PBB juga memperingatkan bahwa Afganistan memasuki 'fase yang lebih mematikan' dari perang melawan Taliban.<ref>{{Cite web |title=War in Afghanistan enters 'deadlier' phase, UN envoy warns |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/6/war-in-afghanistan-entered-deadlier-phase-un-envoy-warns |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807041644/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/6/war-in-afghanistan-entered-deadlier-phase-un-envoy-warns |archive-date=7 August 2021 |access-date=7 August 2021 |publisher=Al Jazeera}}</ref> Pemerintah Amerika Serikat dan Britania Raya memperingatkan warga negaranya untuk segera meninggalkan Afganistan di tengah kemajuan pergerakan Taliban dan memburuknya situasi keamanan di Afganistan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Welle (www.dw.com) |first=Deutsche |title=UK tells its nationals to leave Afghanistan immediately {{!}} DW {{!}} 7 August 2021 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/uk-tells-its-nationals-to-leave-afghanistan-immediately/a-58789804 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807131821/https://www.dw.com/en/uk-tells-its-nationals-to-leave-afghanistan-immediately/a-58789804 |archive-date=7 August 2021 |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=DW.COM |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=7 August 2021 |title=US and Britain Ask Citizens to Leave Afghanistan |language=en |work=Voice of America |url=https://www.voanews.com/south-central-asia/us-and-britain-ask-citizens-leave-afghanistan |url-status=live |access-date=8 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808024838/https://www.voanews.com/south-central-asia/us-and-britain-ask-citizens-leave-afghanistan |archive-date=8 August 2021}}</ref>

 

 

 

Pada 9 Agustus, Taliban merebut [[Samangan|Aybak]], ibu kota [[Provinsi Samangan]].<ref name="pc6">{{Cite news |last=Latifi |first=Ali M |date=9 August 2021 |title=Taliban captures sixth Afghanistan provincial capital: Official |publisher=Al Jazeera English |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/9/taliban-captures-sixth-afghanistan-provincial-capital-official |url-status=live |access-date=9 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809120808/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/9/taliban-captures-sixth-afghanistan-provincial-capital-official |archive-date=9 August 2021}}</ref> Wakil Gubernur Provinsi Samangan Sefatullah Samangani mengatakan kepada kantor berita [[Agence France-Presse|AFP]] bahwa pasukan pemerintah telah ditarik dari Aybak tanpa perlawanan setelah perwakilan masyarakat meminta agar tidak lagi terjadi kekerasan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 August 2021 |title=Afghanistan war: At least 27 children killed in three days, UN says |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-58142983 |url-status=live |access-date=9 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809212201/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-58142983 |archive-date=9 August 2021}}</ref> Pada hari yang sama, Asif Azimi, seorang mantan senator dari Samangan dan panglima perang terkemuka dari [[Jamiat-e Islami]], menyerah kepada Taliban. Azimi mengatakan bahwa ratusan anggota di bawah komandonya juga telah menyerah kepada Taliban.<ref name="Asif Azimi" /> Presiden Ashraf Ghani dan para pemimpin politik lainnya juga sepakat untuk membentuk sebuah pusat komando gabungan untuk mengkoordinir dan membantu pasukan perlawanan dari lapisan masyarakat.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rahimi |first=Zahra |date=9 August 2021 |title=Ghani, Political Leaders Agree on Public Forces Command Center |url=https://tolonews.com/index.php/afghanistan-174108 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810144811/https://tolonews.com/index.php/afghanistan-174108 |archive-date=10 August 2021 |access-date=10 August 2021 |website=TOLOnews |language=en}}</ref>

 

Sepanjang malam di hari yang sama, [[Pertempuran Kandahar (2021)|Kandahar direbut]] oleh Taliban: pertempuran besar di sekitar kota Kandahar berujung pada perebutan Kandahar oleh Taliban dan penarikan pasukan [[Angkatan Darat Nasional Afganistan]], dan meningkatkan jumlah ibu kota provinsi yang dikendalikan Taliban menjadi 13 ibu kota provinsi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akhgar |first=Tameem |date=12 August 2021 |title=Taliban take Kandahar, Herat in major Afghanistan offensive |url=https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-afghanistan-taliban-26d485963b7a0d9f2107afcbc38f239a |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812043017/https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-afghanistan-taliban-26d485963b7a0d9f2107afcbc38f239a |archive-date=12 August 2021 |access-date=12 August 2021 |website=Apnews |publisher=APNews}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Goldbaum |first=Christina |date=12 August 2021 |title=Afghanistan Collapse Accelerates as 2 Vital Cities Near Fall to Taliban |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/12/world/asia/kandahar-afghanistan-taliban.html |url-status=live |access-date=12 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812174047/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/12/world/asia/kandahar-afghanistan-taliban.html |archive-date=12 August 2021}}</ref>

 

[[Berkas:President_Joe_Biden_and_Vice_President_Kamala_Harris_hold_a_video_conference_with_the_national_security_team_to_discuss_the_ongoing_efforts_to_draw_down_our_civilian_footprint_in_Afghanistan.jpg|jmpl|Presiden AS [[Joe Biden]] dalam sebuah konferensi melalui video dengan Wakil Presiden [[Kamala Harris]] dan tim [[Dewan Keamanan Nasional Amerika Serikat|Dewan Keamanan Nasional]] untuk membahas situasi di Afganistan, 14 Agustus 2021.]]

Pada 14 Agustus, Taliban merebut tujuh ibu kota provinsi; [[Gardez]], [[Sharana]], [[Asadabad, Afghanistan|Asadabad]], [[Maymana, Faryab|Maymana]], [[Mihtarlam]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2021 |title=Afghan MP: Taliban capture city northeast of Kabul |url=https://www.worldnationnews.com/afghan-mp-taliban-capture-city-northeast-of-kabul/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815183744/https://www.worldnationnews.com/afghan-mp-taliban-capture-city-northeast-of-kabul/ |archive-date=15 August 2021 |access-date=14 August 2021 |website=World Nation News |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Nili, Daykundi|Nili]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Afghan lawmaker says central province of Daykundi surrendered to Taliban, with only two gunshots heard in capital, Nili |url=https://www.startribune.com/afghan-lawmaker-says-central-province-of-daykundi-surrendered-to-taliban-with-only-two-gunshots-hea/600087899/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814192201/https://www.startribune.com/afghan-lawmaker-says-central-province-of-daykundi-surrendered-to-taliban-with-only-two-gunshots-hea/600087899/ |archive-date=14 August 2021 |access-date=14 August 2021 |website=Star Tribune}}</ref> dan [[Mazari Sharif]] yang merupakan kota terbesar keempat di Afganistan. Dua panglima perang anti-Taliban yang terkenal sejak lama, yaitu Abdul Rashid Dostam dan [[Atta Muhammad Nur]], meninggalkan Afganistan menuju Uzbekistan.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Trofimov |first=Yaroslav |last2=Amiri |first2=Ehsanullah |date=14 August 2021 |title=As Taliban Encircle Kabul, Afghan President Says He Seeks to Avoid Further Bloodshed |publisher=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/amp/articles/afghan-president-ashraf-ghani-says-he-wants-to-avoid-bloodshed-as-taliban-encircle-kabul-11628939781 |url-status=live |access-date=14 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814143335/https://www.wsj.com/amp/articles/afghan-president-ashraf-ghani-says-he-wants-to-avoid-bloodshed-as-taliban-encircle-kabul-11628939781 |archive-date=14 August 2021}}</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2021 |title=Alert: Afghan lawmaker says the capital of Laghman province, northeast of Kabul, has fallen to the Taliban without a fight |url=https://www.theintelligencer.com/news/article/Alert-Afghan-lawmaker-says-the-capital-of-16387310.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815183814/https://www.theintelligencer.com/news/article/Alert-Afghan-lawmaker-says-the-capital-of-16387310.php |archive-date=15 August 2021 |access-date=14 August 2021 |website=The Edwardsville Intelligencer}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Taliban capture key northern city, approach Afghan capital |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/taliban-capture-key-northern-city-approach-afghan-capital/2141570 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815183757/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/taliban-capture-key-northern-city-approach-afghan-capital/2141570 |archive-date=15 August 2021 |access-date=14 August 2021 |website=Outlook India}}</ref> Abas Ebrahimzada, seorang anggota parlemen dari [[Provinsi Balkh]], mengatakan bahwa di kota [[Mazari Sharif]], tentara Angkatan Darat sudah terlebih dahulu menyerah, yang menyebabkan milisi pendukung pemerintah dan pasukan lainnya kehilangan moral dan menyerah di hadapan serangan Taliban di kota tersebut. Pasca kejatuhan Mazari Sharif, Atta Muhammad Nur mengunggah sebuah pernyataan di jejaring sosial [[Facebook]] bahwa kekalahannya di Mazari Sharif telah direncanakan dan menganggap pasukan pemerintah bertanggung jawab atas kekalahan tersebut. Nur tidak menjelaskan siapa di balik konspirasi tersebut maupun memberikan rincian mengenai konspirasi tersebut, selain mengatakan bahwa ia dan Dostam berada di tempat yang aman.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seir |first=Ahmad |last2=Akhgar |first2=Tameem |last3=Faiez |first3=Rahim |last4=Krauss |first4=Joseph |date=14 August 2021 |title=Taliban capture key northern city, approach Afghan capital |url=https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-business-taliban-f600d6faf28e9c2ccb454ad176987b19 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814185746/https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-business-taliban-f600d6faf28e9c2ccb454ad176987b19 |archive-date=14 August 2021 |access-date=14 August 2021 |website=AP NEWS |language=en}}</ref> Pada hari yang sama, pasukan Taliban juga memasuki [[Maidan Shar]], ibu kota [[Provinsi Maidan Wardak|Provinsi Maidan Wadak]]. Pada titik ini, para pemberontak telah mengepung sekeliling Kabul, sementara Angkatan Darat Nasional Afganistan telah jatuh ke dalam kekacauan setelah kekalahannya yang cepat di seluruh Afganistan. Hanya [[Korps ke-201 (Afganistan)|Korps ke-201]] dan Divisi ke-111 yang tersisa untuk operasional Angkatan Darat, di mana keduanya berbasis di Kabul.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Roggio |first=Bill |date=14 August 2021 |title=Taliban encircling Afghan capital Kabul, prepping final assault through east |publisher=FDD's Long War Journal |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/08/taliban-encircling-afghan-capital-kabul-prepping-final-assault-through-east.php |url-status=live |access-date=14 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814180839/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/08/taliban-encircling-afghan-capital-kabul-prepping-final-assault-through-east.php |archive-date=14 August 2021}}</ref>

===Pengangkutan udara oleh NATO===

{{main|Operasi Allies Refuge|Operasi Pitting}}

 

=== Kejatuhan Kabul ===

{{main|Kejatuhan Kabul (2021)}}

Pada 15 Agustus, meskipun Taliban mengeluarkan pernyataan yang mengatakan bahwa "pihaknya tidak memiliki rencana untuk mengambil alih ibu kota negara Afganistan 'dengan paksa'", Taliban memasuki pinggiran kota Kabul dari beberapa penjuru, termasuk dari [[Distrik Kalakan]], [[Distrik Qarabagh, Kabul|Distrik Qarabagh]], dan [[Distrik Paghman]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Taliban enter Kabul from all sides |language=en |work=www.aljazeera.com |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/15/taliban-enter-kabul-from-all-sides |url-status=live |access-date=15 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815081408/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/15/taliban-enter-kabul-from-all-sides |archive-date=15 August 2021}}</ref> Dilaporkan terjadi pemadaman listrik di seluruh Kabul dan adanya kemungkinan serangan dan pemberontakan narapidana di [[Penjara Pul-e-Charkhi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Afghanistan: Heavy fighting ongoing on the outskirts of Kabul as of early Aug. 15; a total blackout reported in the city |url=https://www.garda.com/crisis24/news-alerts/513486/afghanistan-heavy-fighting-ongoing-on-the-outskirts-of-kabul-as-of-early-aug-15-a-total-blackout-reported-in-the-city |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815010510/https://www.garda.com/crisis24/news-alerts/513486/afghanistan-heavy-fighting-ongoing-on-the-outskirts-of-kabul-as-of-early-aug-15-a-total-blackout-reported-in-the-city |archive-date=15 August 2021 |access-date=15 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 August 2021 |title=Kabul: US starts evacuating embassy as Taliban reach outskirts of Afghanistan capital |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/15/taliban-afghanistan-kabul-evacuations-jalalabad |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815081821/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/15/taliban-afghanistan-kabul-evacuations-jalalabad |archive-date=15 August 2021 |access-date=15 August 2021 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> Beberapa helikopter [[Boeing CH-47 Chinook|CH-47]] dan [[Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk|UH-60]] mulai mendarat di kedutaan besar Amerika Serikat di Kabul untuk melakukan evakuasi, dan para diplomat Amerika Serikat di kedutaan di Kabul dengan cepat merobek-robek sejumlah [[Informasi rahasia di Amerika Serikat|dokumen rahasia]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taliban Fighters Enter Kabul As Helicopters Land At U.S. Embassy |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/08/15/1027806863/the-taliban-seize-jalalabad-cutting-off-kabul-to-the-east |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815113718/https://www.npr.org/2021/08/15/1027806863/the-taliban-seize-jalalabad-cutting-off-kabul-to-the-east |archive-date=15 August 2021 |access-date=15 August 2021 |website=NPR.org |language=en}}</ref>

 

Pada hari yang sama, dilaporkan bahwa Presiden Ashraf Ghani telah meninggalkan Afganistan menuju [[Tajikistan]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Batchelor |first=Tom |date=15 August 2021 |title=Afghan president Ashraf Ghani flees capital Kabul for Tajikistan as Taliban enter city |work=[[The Independent]] |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/central-asia/afghanistan-taliban-ashraf-ghani-flee-b1902917.html |url-status=live |access-date=15 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815164417/https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/central-asia/afghanistan-taliban-ashraf-ghani-flee-b1902917.html |archive-date=15 August 2021}}</ref> Kepergian Ghani dari Afganistan dikritik oleh sebagian besar rakyat Afganistan dan pemerhati dari luar negeri.<ref name="Departure-1">{{Cite web |last=Latifi |first=Ali M. |date=15 August 2021 |title='Unpatriotic': Afghans slam President Ghani's swift departure |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/15/a-disgrace-people-in-afghanistan-slam-ghanis-swift-departure |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815232326/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/15/a-disgrace-people-in-afghanistan-slam-ghanis-swift-departure |archive-date=15 August 2021 |access-date=17 August 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Departure-2">{{Cite web |date=16 August 2021 |title=God will hold him accountable: Afghans slam Ashraf Ghani's sudden departure |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/international/world-news-politics/god-will-hold-him-accountable-afghans-slam-ashraf-ghanis-sudden-departure-1020234.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816165854/https://www.deccanherald.com/international/world-news-politics/god-will-hold-him-accountable-afghans-slam-ashraf-ghanis-sudden-departure-1020234.html |archive-date=16 August 2021 |access-date=17 August 2021 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> Juru bicara kedutaan besar Rusia di Kabul Nikita Ishchenko mengklaim bahwa Ghani meninggalkan Afganistan dengan empat mobil dan helikopter yang penuh dengan uang.<ref name="cash-1">{{Cite web |last=Krishnankutty |first=Pia |date=16 August 2021 |title=President Ashraf Ghani fled Afghanistan with four cars, helicopter full of cash, Russia claims |url=https://theprint.in/world/president-ashraf-ghani-fled-afghanistan-with-four-cars-helicopter-full-of-cash-russia-claims/716479/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817003743/https://theprint.in/world/president-ashraf-ghani-fled-afghanistan-with-four-cars-helicopter-full-of-cash-russia-claims/716479/ |archive-date=17 August 2021 |access-date=17 August 2021 |website=ThePrint}}</ref> Kemudian, berbicara dari Uni Emirat Arab, Ghani mengatakan bahwa ia meninggalkan Afganistan atas saran dari sejumlah pembantu pemerintah untuk menghindari hukuman gantung (mantan presiden Afganistan [[Mohammad Najibullah]] digantung di hadapan umum pada saat Taliban menggulingkan pemerintahannya di tahun 1996).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/18/world/middleeast/ashraf-ghani-afghanistan-taliban.html|title=Ashraf Ghani says he fled Afghanistan to avoid being lynched.|last=Gall|first=Carlotta|date=18 August 2021|work=The New York Times|access-date=22 August 2021}}</ref> Presiden Ghani membantah laporan yang menyebutkan bahwa dirinya membawa uang dalam jumlah yang besar, dengan mengatakan bahwa ia diperiksa oleh petugas bea cukai saat tiba di Uni Emirat Arab.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/exiled-ghani-says-he-left-kabul-prevent-bloodshed-did-not-take-money-2021-08-18/|title=Exiled Ghani says he left Kabul to prevent bloodshed, did not take money|date=19 August 2021|work=Reuters|access-date=22 August 2021}}</ref>

 

 

Pada hari yang sama pula, sebuah [[EMB-314]] dari [[Angkatan Udara Afganistan]] dan sebuah [[Mikoyan MiG-29|MiG-29]] dari [[Angkatan Udara Uzbekistan]] terlibat tabrakan di udara dan jatuh di [[Provinsi Surxondaryo]] di Uzbekistan. Pilot kedua pesawat tersebut melontarkan diri dan mendarat dengan parasut.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 August 2021 |title=Границу с Узбекистаном пересекли 22 военных самолёта и 24 вертолёта Афганистана |publisher=Gazete Uzbekistan |url=https://www.gazeta.uz/ru/2021/08/16/borders-uzbekistan |url-status=live |access-date=16 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816163049/https://www.gazeta.uz/ru/2021/08/16/borders-uzbekistan/ |archive-date=16 August 2021}}</ref> Sebelumnya di hari itu, Uzbekistan mengatakan bahwa pihaknya telah menahan 84 tentara Afganistan yang melintasi perbatasan untuk mencari pertolongan medis ketika melarikan diri dari serangan Taliban.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 August 2021 |title=Afghan military jet shot down by Uzbek air defences |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/afghan-military-jet-crashes-uzbekistan-report-2021-08-16/ |url-status=live |access-date=16 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816215009/http://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/afghan-military-jet-crashes-uzbekistan-report-2021-08-16/ |archive-date=16 August 2021}}</ref>

Pentagon mengonfirmasi bahwa kepala [[Komando Pusat Amerika Serikat|CENTCOM]] di [[Qatar]], Jenderal [[Kenneth F. McKenzie Jr.]], telah bertemu dengan [[Taliban di Qatar|pemimpin Taliban]] yang berada di [[Doha]]. Para pejabat Taliban menyetujui persyaratan yang ditetapkan oleh McKenzie bagi para pengungsi untuk meninggalkan Afganistan menggunakan Bandara Kabul.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 August 2021 |title=US reaches deal with Taliban on evacuations: report |work=The Hill |url=https://thehill.com/policy/international/middle-east-north-africa/568003-central-command-chief-taliban-leaders-reached |url-status=live |access-date=16 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816202032/https://thehill.com/policy/international/middle-east-north-africa/568003-central-command-chief-taliban-leaders-reached |archive-date=16 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=16 August 2021 |title=US reaches deal with Taliban over evacuations from Kabul airport, report says |work=The Independent |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/kabul-taliban-us-evacuations-airport-b1903493.html |url-status=live |access-date=16 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816220405/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/kabul-taliban-us-evacuations-airport-b1903493.html |archive-date=16 August 2021}}</ref>

 

 

==Kejahatan perang==

Pada 16 Juni di distrik [[Dawlat Abad, Faryab|Dawlat Abad]], sebanyak 22 anggota komando Pasukan Khusus Afganistan tanpa senjata dieksekusi mati oleh Taliban ketika mereka berupaya untuk menyerah kepada pasukan Taliban. Sebuah video mengenai peristiwa tersebut beredar secara luas dan ditayangkan oleh [[CNN]]. Samira Hamidi dari [[Amnesty International]] menggambarkan peristiwa tersebut sebagai "pembunuhan berdarah dingin terhadap tentara yang menyerah – sebuah kejahatan perang". Hamidi menyerukan penyelidikan terhadap peristiwa tersebut sebagai bagian dari [[Pengadilan Kriminal Internasional di Afganistan|penyelidikan Pengadilan Kriminal Internasional di Afganistan]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Coren |first=Anna |last2=Sidhu |first2=Sandi |last3=Lister |first3=Tim |last4=Bina |first4=Abdul Basir |date=2021-07-14 |title=Taliban fighters execute 22 Afghan commandos as they try to surrender |work=[[CNN]] |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/07/13/asia/afghanistan-taliban-commandos-killed-intl-hnk/index.html |url-status=live |access-date=2021-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805235522/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/07/13/asia/afghanistan-taliban-commandos-killed-intl-hnk/index.html |archive-date=2021-08-05}}</ref>

 

 

Pada 6 Agustus, pasukan Taliban mengklaim bertanggung jawab atas peristiwa pada 5 Agustus, yaitu pembunuhan Dawa Khan Menapal, kepala pusat media dan informasi pemerintah di Kabul.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-08-06 |title=Head of Govt's Media, Information Center Assassinated |work=[[TOLOnews]] |url=https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-174017 |url-status=live |access-date=2021-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806155445/https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-174017 |archive-date=2021-08-06}}</ref> Pada hari yang sama, selama proses perebutan [[Zaranj]] oleh Taliban, aktivis HAM Laal Gul Laal mengatakan bahwa eksekusi mati 30 tentara Afganistan oleh Taliban adalah sebuah kejahatan perang. Menurut [[TOLOnews]], sejumlah tentara disiksa terlebih dahulu sebelum mereka dibunuh oleh Taliban.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-08-20 |title=Taliban Captures Capital of Nimroz Province |work=[[TOLOnews]] |url=https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-174026 |url-status=live |access-date=2021-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806155403/https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-174026 |archive-date=2021-08-06}}</ref>

 

=== Strategi Taliban ===

 

Andrew Watkins, analis senior Afganistan di [[International Crisis Group]], mengatakan bahwa tidak ada bukti bahwa Taliban telah meningkatkan kekuatannya untuk melakukan penyerangan, selain memanfaatkan beberapa orang dari 5.000 pemberontak yang sebelumnya telah dibebaskan.<ref name="manpower-1">{{Cite web|last=Trofimov|first=Yaroslav|date=14 August 2021|title=How the Taliban Overran the Afghan Army, Built by the U.S. Over 20 Years|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/afghanistan-army-collapse-taliban-11628958253|website=Wall Street Journal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815053445/https://www.wsj.com/articles/afghanistan-army-collapse-taliban-11628958253|archive-date=15 August 2021|access-date=15 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Watkins percaya skenario Taliban berubah begitu Amerika Serikat mengakhiri serangan udara di Afganistan. Watkins mengatakan dengan berakhirnya serangan udara Amerika Serikat, hal tersebut memberikan keleluasasaan pergerakan bagi para pemberontak dan mereka dapat kembali membentuk kelompoknya, merencanakan, dan memperkuat jalur pasokannya tanpa dihantui rasa takut dari serangan udara Amerika Serikat.<ref name="manpower-1" />

Pada 8 Juli, Presiden Amerika Serikat [[Joe Biden]] berbicara kepada para wartawan dalam sebuah konferensi pers, mengatakan pengambilalihan Taliban atas Afganistan tidak bisa dihindari, dengan mengatakan, "Pasukan tentara Afganistan memiliki 300.000 anggota yang dilengkapi dengan baik—dan juga dilengkapi dengan baik seperti Angkatan Darat mana pun di dunia—dan sebuah Angkatan Udara untuk melawan sesuatu seperti 75.000 anggota Taliban". Biden mengatakan Komunitas Intelijen Amerika Serikat belum menilai adanya kemungkinan bahwa pemerintah Afganistan akan jatuh. Ketika ditanya mengenai kesamaan antara peristiwa penarikan saat ini dan [[Kejatuhan Saigon|apa yang terjadi di Vietnam]], Presiden Biden menjawab:<blockquote>"Tidak ada sama sekali. Nol. Apa yang Anda miliki adalah—Anda memiliki seluruh brigade yang menerobos gerbang kedutaan kami—enam, jika saya tidak salah. Taliban bukanlah (tentara Vietnam) selatan—[[Tentara Rakyat Vietnam|tentara Vietnam Utara]]. Mereka tidak—mereka tidak sebanding dalam hal kemampuan. Tidak akan ada situasi di mana Anda melihat [[Operasi Frequent Wind|orang-orang diangkut dari atap kedutaan]] di—kedutaan Amerika Serikat dari Afganistan. Itu sama sekali tidak sebanding."</blockquote>Presiden Biden menambahkan, "...kemungkinan dari Taliban untuk menguasai segalanya dan memiliki seluruh negeri (Afganistan) adalah sangat tidak mungkin".<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 July 2021|title=Remarks by President Biden on the Drawdown of U.S. Forces in Afghanistan|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/07/08/remarks-by-president-biden-on-the-drawdown-of-u-s-forces-in-afghanistan/|website=whitehouse.gov|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814192023/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/07/08/remarks-by-president-biden-on-the-drawdown-of-u-s-forces-in-afghanistan/|archive-date=14 August 2021|access-date=15 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Pada 15 Agustus, selama [[Pertempuran Kabul (2021)|masuknya]] Taliban ke Kabul, para diplomat dan staf dievakuasi dari kedutaan besar Amerika Serikat di Kabul menggunakan sejumlah helikopter [[Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk|UH-60]] dan [[Boeing CH-47 Chinook|CH-47]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Porter|first=Tom|title=Helicopters are evacuating staff from the US embassy in Kabul as the Taliban enter the Afghan capital 'from all sides'|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/us-evacuate-kabul-embassy-as-taliban-storm-the-afghan-capital-2021-8|website=Business Insider|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815101609/https://www.businessinsider.com/us-evacuate-kabul-embassy-as-taliban-storm-the-afghan-capital-2021-8|archive-date=15 August 2021|access-date=15 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

 

 

 

 

 

Pada 8 Agustus, [[Rita Katz]], kepala kelompok pemantau kelompok ekstremis [[SITE Intelligence Group|SITE]], mengatakan kemajuan pergerakan Taliban mirip seperti dengan hari-hari pertama [[Perang Saudara Suriah]] setelah [[Jabhat Al-Nusra]] memenangkan pertempuran di sana, "kecuali saat ini benar-benar dalam skala yang berbeda, mengingat momentum mengerikan Taliban".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Walsh|first=Nick Paton|date=10 August 2021|title=Things look grim in Afghanistan, even with US airpower. In 21 days, they could be much worse|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/09/asia/afghanistan-future-analysis-intl/index.html|publisher=CNN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809235445/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/09/asia/afghanistan-future-analysis-intl/index.html|archive-date=9 August 2021|access-date=10 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Eksodus warga sipil===

{{main|Evakuasi dari Afganistan 2021}}

Lebih dari 300.000 warga Afganistan menghadapi risiko serangan balasan oleh Taliban karena mereka bekerja untuk Pemerintah Amerika Serikat.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 August 2021 |title=Thousands Who Helped the U.S. in Afghanistan Are Trapped. What Happens Next? |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/16/us/afghanistan-visa-refugees-us.html}}</ref>

 

 

 

Pada 13 Agustus, [[Kanada]] mengumumkan negaranya akan menampung lebih dari 20.000 warga Afganistan dari kelompok yang dianggap Kanada kemungkinan merupakan target Taliban. [[Britania Raya]] mengatakan negaranya akan memperbolehkan 20.000 warga Afganistan tinggal di Britania Raya, dan [[Amerika Serikat]] akan merelokasi hingga 30.000 [[Visa Khusus Imigran|pelamar SIV]] ke Amerika Serikat.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 August 2021 |title=UK to take 20,000 Afghan refugees over five years under resettlement plan |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/17/uk-to-take-20000-afghan-refugees-over-five-years-under-resettlement-plan}}</ref> [[Australia]] berjanji akan menampung lebih dari 3.000 pengungsi Afganistan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Australia to bring in 3000 Afghans in initial intake but plans for more |url=https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/australia-to-bring-in-3000-afghans-in-initial-intake-but-plans-for-more-20210818-p58jxi.html |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=18 August 2021}}</ref> Jerman mengatakan negaranya akan menerima sekitar 10.000 warga Afganistan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Afghans evacuated to Germany describe terrifying scenes at Kabul airport |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/afghans-evacuated-germany-describe-terrifying-scenes-kabul-airport-2021-08-18/ |work=Reuters |date=18 August 2021}}</ref>

Pada 17 Agustus, [[India]] mengumumkan negaranya akan mengeluarkan visa elektronik darurat kepada seluruh warga Afganistan yang ingin masuk ke negaranya setelah "menerima permintaan dari para pemimpin [[Sikhisme di Afganistan|Sikh]] dan [[Hinduisme di Afganistan|Hindu]] di Afganistan". Visa tersebut awalnya akan berlaku selama enam bulan.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Media Center|date=17 August 2021|title=Press Release on the current situation in Afghanistan|url=https://mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/34189/Press+Release+on+the+current+situation+in+Afghanistan|url-status=live|access-date=23 August 2021|website=[[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Press Trust of India|date=17 August 2021|title=India announces emergency e-visa for Afghans|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-announces-emergency-e-visa-for-afghans/article35952475.ece|access-date=23 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Tiwary|first=Deeptiman|date=18 August 2021|title=India starts single entry e-visa facility for Afghans; here is what it means|work=[[The Indian Express]]|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-announces-new-category-of-visa-for-afghans-7457441/|access-date=23 August 2021}}</ref>

 

 

Ketika Kabul jatuh ke pihak Taliban pada pertengahan Agustus, ribuan warga Afganistan berupaya untuk keluar dari Afganistan dengan berebut masuk ke dalam sejumlah pesawat di Bandara Kabul. Sejumlah orang bahkan sampai bergelantungan di samping luar sebuah pesawat militer Amerika Serikat dan beberapa di antaranya kemudian tewas setelah terjatuh begitu pesawat lepas landas. Pasukan tentara Amerika Serikat pada akhirnya harus mengeluarkan tembakan peringatan untuk mengosongkan landasan bandara dan memberikan jalan bagi pesawat yang terbang dan mendarat di Bandara Kabul.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 August 2021 |title=WATCH LIVE: Biden addresses nation about Afghanistan collapse |work=PBS |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/watch-live-biden-addresses-nation-about-afghanistan-collapse |url-status=live |access-date=16 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816160758/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/watch-live-biden-addresses-nation-about-afghanistan-collapse |archive-date=16 August 2021}}</ref>

===Unjuk rasa dan perlawanan===

{{Main article|Perlawanan Panjshir|Unjuk rasa Afganistan 2021}}

 

Pada hari yang sama, sebuah unjuk rasa berskala kecil digelar oleh sejumlah perempuan di Kabul untuk menuntut kesetaraan hak bagi kaum perempuan, dan menjadi unjuk rasa perempuan pertama melawan pemerintahan baru yang dilaporkan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2021 |title=Watch: Afghan women hold street protest as Taliban fighters look on |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/world/watch-afghan-women-hold-protest-demanding-equal-rights-and-freedoms-following-taliban-takeover-7459142/ |access-date=18 August 2021 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Pada 18 Agustus, unjuk rasa yang lebih besar dan juga dihadiri oleh pengunjuk rasa dari kaum laki-laki terjadi di tiga kota yang didominasi etnis Pashtun: Jalalabad, Khost, dan Asadabad, di mana para pengunjuk rasa mengibarkan bendera Afganistan dan menurunkan bendera Taliban.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-18 |title=Taliban keep some evacuees from reaching Kabul airport, as U.S. vows to finish airlift |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/evacuations-afghanistan-gather-momentum-taliban-promise-peace-2021-08-18/ |access-date=2021-08-20 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-18 |title=Taliban militants violently disperse rare Afghan protest |url=https://apnews.com/article/afghanistan-taliban-protest-kabul-jalalabad-61e4bfcc8027e3952ee85c448773299b |access-date=2021-08-20 |website=AP NEWS |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rasmussen |first=Saeed Shah and Sune Engel |title=Afghanistan's Taliban Rulers Meet Their First Political Protests With Gunfire |language=en-US |work=WSJ |url=https://www.wsj.com/amp/articles/afghanistans-taliban-rulers-meet-their-first-political-protests-with-gunfire-11629311240 |access-date=2021-08-20}}</ref> Di Jalalabad, Taliban melancarkan penembakan untuk melawan unjuk rasa tersebut dan menewaskan tiga orang serta melukai belasan lainnya.<ref name="EarlyChallenge">{{Cite news |date=19 August 2021 |title=Afghan protests spread to Kabul in early challenge to Taliban |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/afghanistan-edge-after-anti-taliban-protest-east-kabul-calm-airlift-goes-2021-08-19/}}</ref> Pada 19 Agustus, unjuk rasa meluas ke sejumlah daerah di ibu kota negara Afganistan, Kabul, termasuk satu unjuk rasa berskala besar di dekat Bandara Kabul di mana pengendara mobil dan orang-orang mengibarkan bendera Afganistan, dan unjuk rasa lainnya di dekat [[Arg (Kabul)|istana kepresidenan]] dihadiri oleh lebih dari 200 orang<ref name="DemonstrationsSpread">{{Cite news |date=19 August 2021 |title=As demonstrations spread, the Taliban face growing challenges in running the nation. |agency=New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/08/19/world/taliban-afghanistan-news#as-demonstrations-spread-the-taliban-face-growing-challenges-in-running-the-nation}}</ref> sebelum dibubarkan Taliban dengan menggunakan kekerasan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seir |first=Ahmad |last2=Faiez |first2=Rahim |last3=Gannon |first3=Kathy |last4=Gambrell |first4=Jon |date=19 August 2021 |title=Afghans protest Taliban in emerging challenge to their rule |url=https://apnews.com/article/afghanistan-taliban-protests-bd853cac9eee5e4f0cd4b76580f27b53 |access-date=19 August 2021 |website=AP News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 August 2021 |title=Afghans display national flag as they mark independence day |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2021/8/19/afghans-display-national-flag-as-they-mark-independence-day |access-date=19 August 2021 |website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> Unjuk rasa terus berlanjut di Khost dan Asadabad, di mana Taliban juga menggunakan kekerasan untuk membubarkan massa unjuk rasa di kedua kota tersebut.<ref name="EarlyChallenge" />

 

{{DEFAULTSORT:Serangan Taliban, 2021}}