Kudeta Guinea 2021: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Hanamanteo (bicara | kontrib) + |
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Baris 58:
Bermula dari pemilihan presiden, politikus oposisi yang memperebutkan jabatan presiden ditangkap.<ref name=":7"/> Misalnya, [[Mamady Condé]] ditangkap pada Januari 2021, sementara Roger Bamba, Ketua [[Persatuan Pasukan Demokrat Guinea]] (UFDG), partai oposisi, dan Mamadou Oury Barry both died in prison. Prisons in the country, according to the [[Human Rights Watch]], have very poor conditions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-05|title=Guinée : tout savoir sur le coup d'Etat contre Alpha Condé|url=https://lejournaldelafrique.com/lafrique-daujourdhui/en-guinee-une-tentative-de-coup-detat-contre-alpha-conde/|access-date=2021-09-05|website=Le Journal de l'Afrique|archive-date=5 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905140716/https://lejournaldelafrique.com/lafrique-daujourdhui/en-guinee-une-tentative-de-coup-detat-contre-alpha-conde/|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Ekonomi===
Semasa pemerintahan Alpha, infrastructure to extract Guinea's extensive mineral resources improved, particularly for [[bauxite]] with the state agreeing several multi-billion dollar projects with Chinese firms to tap new bauxite reserves and develop an [[alumina]] refinery.<ref>[https://www.alcircle.com/news/the-china-guinea-20-billion-bauxite-deal-might-be-a-risky-loan-for-guinea-nrgi-52212 The China-Guinea $20 billion bauxite deal might be a risky loan for Guinea: NRGI]. Al Circle (2020-03-04). Retrieved 2021-09-06.</ref><ref>[https://www.france24.com/en/20181126-guinea-signs-3-billion-deal-alumina-refineryGuinea signs $3 billion deal for alumina refinery]. France 24 (2018-11-26). Retrieved 2021-09-06.</ref> Guinea holds around a quarter of the world's bauxite deposits.<ref>[https://www.alcircle.com/news/top-five-countries-with-highest-bauxite-reserves-in-the-world-26587 Top five countries with highest bauxite reserves in the world]. Al Circle (2016-12-07). Retrieved 2021-09-06.</ref> Extraction of [[diamond]]s, [[iron ore]] and [[gold ore]] increased, following investments in rail infrastructure through deals with Société Minière de Boké (SMB), a private consortium of foreign firms operating in Guinea, with the government as 10% shareholder.<ref>[https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/guinea-mining-and-minerals Guinea - Country Commercial Guide]. International Trade Administration (2020-08-27). Retrieved 2021-09-06.</ref><ref>[https://aluminiuminsider.com/smb-opens-us1-billion-bauxite-railway-in-guinea/ SMB Opens US$1 Billion Bauxite Railway In Guinea]. Aluminium Insider (2021-06-21). Retrieved 2021-09-06.</ref>
In 2019, the government agreed to the extension of a [[Line of credit|credit facility]] with the [[International Monetary Fund]] on the basis they would run a [[Government budget balance|fiscal surplus]], increase tax collection as a portion of GDP, reduce subsidies for petrol and electricity, increase investment in public infrastructure, reduce borrowing from the central bank and promote development of the private sector.<ref>[https://www.imf.org/~/media/Files/Publications/CR/2019/cr1930-Guinea.ashx IMF Country Report No. 19/30 GUINEA SECOND REVIEW OF THE ARRANGEMENT UNDER THE THREE-YEAR EXTENDED CREDIT FACILITY, FINANCING ASSURANCES REVIEW, AND REQUEST FOR A WAIVER OF NONOBSERVANCE OF PERFORMANCE CRITERION— PRESS RELEASE; STAFF REPORT; AND STATEMENT BY THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR FOR GUINEA]. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 2021-09-06.</ref> Following recommendations at the United Nation's Third International Conference on Financing for Development in [[Addis Ababa]] in October 2019, Condé announced that 15% of mining revenue would be dedicated to the National Agency for the Financing of Local Communities to boost local government, as well as introducing measures to raise tax collection from 13% to 15% of GDP.<ref>[http://apanews.net/en/pays/guinee/news/guinea-allocates-15-percent-of-mining-revenues-to-community-development Guinea allocates 15 percent of mining revenues to community development]. APA News (2019-10-02). Retrieved 2021-09-06.</ref> This programme failed to bring immediate financial benefits for most citizens, with 60% of the labour force still working in the agricultural sector,<ref>[https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS?locations=GN Employment in agriculture (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate) - Guinea]. The World Bank. Retrieved 2021-09-06.</ref> and the communities around the mines being inadequately compensated for land, water and health losses connected with the mineral extraction.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-09-05|title=Guinea coup attempt: Soldiers claim to seize power from Alpha Condé|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58453778|access-date=2021-09-05|archive-date=5 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905145428/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58453778|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Wormington|first=Jim|date=2018-10-04|title=What Do We Get Out of It? - The Human Rights Impact of Bauxite Mining in Guinea|url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/10/04/what-do-we-get-out-it/human-rights-impact-bauxite-mining-guinea|url-status=live|access-date=2021-09-05|website=Human Rights Watch|language=en|archive-date=5 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905162113/https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/10/04/what-do-we-get-out-it/human-rights-impact-bauxite-mining-guinea}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Samb|first=Sailou|date=2021-09-05|title=Elite Guinea army unit says it has toppled president|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/heavy-gunfire-heard-guinea-capital-conakry-reuters-witness-2021-09-05/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-09-05|website=Reuters|language=en|archive-date=5 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905165127/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/heavy-gunfire-heard-guinea-capital-conakry-reuters-witness-2021-09-05/}}</ref>
== Tanggapan ==
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