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'''Danau Baikal''' ({{IPAc-en|b|aɪ|ˈ|k|ɑː|l|,_|-|ˈ|k|æ|l}};<ref>[https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/baikal "Baikal"]. ''[[Collins English Dictionary]]''.</ref> {{lang-ru|Oзеро Байкал|Ozero Baykal}} {{IPA-ru|ˈozʲɪrə bɐjˈkaɫ|}}; {{lang-bua|Байгал нуур|Baigal nuur}};<ref>Dervla Murphy (2007) ''Silverland: A Winter Journey Beyond the Urals'', London, John Murray, p. 173</ref> {{lang-mn|Байгал нуур|Baigal nuur}}) adalah sebuah [[danau]] retakan di [[Rusia]] yang terletak di [[Siberia]] selatan, di antara subyek federal [[Oblast Irkutsk]] di barat laut dan [[Buryatia]] di tenggara.
Danau Baikal adalah danau air tawar terbesar di dunia berdasarkan volume. Volume air di danau ini mencapai {{convert|23615.39|km3|cumi|-1|abbr=on}}, atau sekitar 23% dari keseluruhan volume air tawar di permukaan bumiBumi,<ref>{{cite book|author1= Schwarzenbach, Rene P. |author2= Philip M. Gschwend |author3= Dieter M. Imboden | title= Environmental Organic Chemistry | year= 2003 | publisher= Wiley Interscience | edition= 2 | page= 1052 | isbn= 9780471350538}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| authors= Tyus, Harold M. | title= Ecology and Conservation of Fishes | year= 2012 | publisher= CRC Press | page= 116 | isbn= 978-1-4398-9759-1}}</ref><ref name="INTAS" /> jauh lebih banyak dari gabungan volume [[Danau Besar]] di [[Amerika Utara]].<ref>{{cite book|editor-last1= Bright |editor-first1= Michael | others= preface by Koichiro Mastsuura|title= 1001 natural wonders : you must see before you die|date= 2010|publisher= Cassell Illustrated|location= London|isbn= 9781844036745|page= 620|edition= 2009 }}</ref> Danau Baikal memiliki kedalaman maksimum {{convert|1642|m|abbr=on}},<ref name="INTAS"/> dan merupakan danau terdalam,<ref>{{cite web|url= http://geology.com/records/deepest-lake.shtml|title= Deepest Lake in the World|publisher= geology.com |access-date= 18 August 2007}}</ref> serta danau tertua di Bumi,<ref name="touchstone">{{cite web|url= http://marine.usgs.gov/fact-sheets/baikal/|title= Lake Baikal – A Touchstone for Global Change and Rift Studies|publisher= [[United States Geological Survey]]|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120629180319/http://marine.usgs.gov/fact-sheets/baikal/|archive-date= 29 June 2012|access-date= 3 January 2016}}</ref> yang terbentuk sejak 25–30 juta tahun lalu.<ref name="unesco">{{cite web|url= https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/754|title= Lake Baikal – UNESCO World Heritage Centre|access-date= 5 October 2012}}</ref><ref name=ScienceDaily2017>{{cite web|url= https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/07/170726103013.htm|title= Lake Baikal: Protection of a unique ecosystem|website= ScienceDaily|date= 26 July 2017|access-date= 16 January 2018}}</ref> Danau Baikal adalah danau terbesar ketujuh di dunia berdasarkan luas permukaan, dengan luas membentang hingga {{convert|31722|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, sedikit lebih besar dari [[Belgia]], danau ini juga merupakan salah satu danau dengan air terjernih di dunia.<ref name=Jung2004>{{cite book |title= Ecosystems and Natural Resources of Mountain Regions. Proceedings of the first international symposium on Lake Baikal: The current state of the surface and underground hydrosphere in mountainous areas. "Nauka", Novosibirsk, Russia|authors= Jung, J., Hojnowski, C., Jenkins, H., Ortiz, A., Brinkley, C., Cadish, L., Evans, A., Kissinger, P., Ordal, L., Osipova, S., Smith, A., Vredeveld, B., Hodge, T., Kohler, S., Rodenhouse, N. and Moore, M. |editor1-first= A.I. |editor1-last= Smirnov |editor2-first= L.R. |editor2-last= Izmest'eva |year= 2004 |pages= 131–140 |chapter= Diel vertical migration of zooplankton in Lake Baikal and its relationship to body size |chapter-url= http://www.wellesley.edu/Biology/Faculty/Mmoore/Content/JUNG_et_al_2004.pdf |access-date= 9 August 2009}}</ref>
Danau Baikal menjadi habitat bagi ribuan spesies tumbuhan dan hewan, banyak di antaranya merupakan spesies endemik di wilayah tersebut. Danau ini juga menjadi daerah pemukiman suku Buryat, yang banyak memelihara kambing, unta, sapi, domba, dan kuda<ref name=animal>{{cite book |title= The Other Side of Russia: A Slice of Life in Siberia and the Russian Far East |author= S. Hudgins |year= 2003 |publisher= Texas A&M University Press |url= http://www.tamupress.com/product/Other-Side-of-Russia,4080.aspx |access-date= 9 August 2009}}</ref> di sisi timur danau,<ref>{{cite web |author1= M. Hammer |author2= T. Karafet |title= DNA & the peopling of Siberia |url= http://www.mnh.si.edu/arctic/html/peopling_siberia.html |year= 1995 |publisher= Smithsonian Institution |access-date= 9 August 2009}}</ref> di daerah ini suhu rata-rata bervariasi, dengan suhu terendah saat [[musim dingin]] mencapai {{convert|-19|°C|0}} dan suhu tertinggi {{convert|14|°C|0}} selama [[musim panas]].<ref>{{cite journal |last= Fefelov |first= I. |author2= Tupitsyn, I. |date= August 2004 |title= Waders of the Selenga delta, Lake Baikal, eastern Siberia |journal= Wader Study Group Bulletin |volume= 104 |pages= 66–78 |url= http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/iwsgb/v104/p00066-p00078.pdf |access-date= 9 August 2009}}</ref>
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