Daging tikus: Perbedaan antara revisi

== Konsumsi Daging tikus menurut wilayah ==

=== Afrika ===

=== Amerika ===

Tikus rebus adalah makanan khas dari Virginia Barat yang mulai dikonsumsi sejak keruntuhan industri pertambangan di sana.<ref>{{cite web |last=Worrall |first=Simon |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/12/151220-american-food-cuisine-local-state-ngbooktalk/ |title=What's Best, Worst, and Most Weird About American Food |website=News.nationalgeographic.com |date=2015-12-20 |access-date=2016-01-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105145241/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/12/151220-american-food-cuisine-local-state-ngbooktalk/ |archive-date=2016-01-05 |quote=Rat stew was born out of lean times as a result of the collapse of the mining industry}}</ref> Hidangan ini disajikan sebagai bagian dari hidangan ''roadkill'', hidangan yang diolah dari hewan-hewan yang mati di jalanan.<ref>{{cite web |last=Pollack |first=Hilary |url=http://munchies.vice.com/articles/americas-most-beloved-regional-dishes-have-dark-and-fascinating-histories |title=America's Most Beloved Regional Dishes Have Dark and Fascinating Histories &#124; MUNCHIES |website=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]] |date=2016-01-02 |access-date=2016-01-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110095110/http://munchies.vice.com/articles/americas-most-beloved-regional-dishes-have-dark-and-fascinating-histories |archive-date=2016-01-10 |quote=There were other [people] who actually celebrated the eating of rat as a culinary cultural inheritance, to the point where in Marlinton, West Virginia, for instance, they hold this annual roadkill cookoff in order to celebrate the eating of roadkill in West Virginia. When I visited the annual roadkill cookoff in Marlington, there were two folks preparing rat dishes.}}</ref>

=== Asia ===

Dalam beberapa budaya, tikus dibatasi sebagai bentuk makanan yang dapat diterima untuk kelas sosial atau ekonomi tertentu. Dalam budaya Mishmi di India, tikus sangat penting untuk diet tradisional, karena wanita Mishmi tidak boleh makan daging kecuali [[ikan]], [[babi]], [[burung]] liar, dan tikus.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Mills | first1 = J. P. | year = 1952 | title = The Mishmis of the Lohit Valley, Assam | journal = The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland | volume = 82 | issue = 1| pages = 1–12 | doi=10.2307/2844036| jstor = 2844036 }}</ref> Sebaliknya, komunitas Musahar di [[India]] utara telah mengkomersialkan peternakan tikus sebagai makanan khas.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Heads_and_Tales/Rat_meat_to_be_commercialised_in_Bihar/articleshow/3351440.cms Musahar Hindus commercialise rat farming] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221223502/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Heads_and_Tales/Rat_meat_to_be_commercialised_in_Bihar/articleshow/3351440.cms |date=February 21, 2009 }}</ref>

=== Eropa ===

Di Prancis dan Inggris era Victoria, pai tikus kadang disajikan sebagai hidangan orang kaya.{{fact}} Selama kekurangan makanan saat Perang Dunia II, ahli biologi Inggris memakan tikus laboratorium yang disajikan dengan krim.<ref name="Diamond2006">{{cite book|author=Jared M. Diamond|title=Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail Or Succeed|url=https://archive.org/details/collapse00jare|url-access=registration|quote=creamed rat.|date=January 2006|publisher=Penguin|isbn=978-0-14-303655-5|pages=[https://archive.org/details/collapse00jare/page/105 105]–}}</ref>

Resep untuk tikus panggang gaya ''Bordeaux'', biasanya menggunakan daging tikus alkohol yang tinggal di gudang anggur. Tikus-tikus ini dikuliti dan dikeluarkan isi perutnya, diolesi dengan saus kental minyak zaitun serta bawang merah yang dihancurkan, dan dipanggang di atas api tong anggur yang pecah.<ref name="Schwabe1979">{{cite book|author=Calvin W. Schwabe|title=Unmentionable Cuisine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SiBntk9jGmoC&pg=PA204|year=1979|publisher=University of Virginia Press|isbn=978-0-8139-1162-5|pages=204–|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911185523/https://books.google.com/books?id=SiBntk9jGmoC&pg=PA204#v=onepage&q&f=false|archive-date=2016-09-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://bertc.com/subfive/recipes/cookingrats.htm|title=Cooking Rats and Mice|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620090507/http://bertc.com/subfive/recipes/cookingrats.htm|archive-date=2016-06-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://bertc.com/cooking_rats.htm|title=Cooking Rats and Mice|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528100737/http://bertc.com/cooking_rats.htm|archive-date=2016-05-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zetatalk3.com/docs/Food/Recipes/Bertc_Weird_And_Different_Recipes_2004.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-06-23 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808175204/http://www.zetatalk3.com/docs/Food/Recipes/Bertc_Weird_And_Different_Recipes_2004.pdf |archive-date=2016-08-08 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foodwine.com/food/sleuth/2000/1000/#axzz4CMByA3UP|title=Grilled Rats and Other Weird Halloween Recipes|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160722205821/http://www.foodwine.com/food/sleuth/2000/1000/#axzz4CMByA3UP|archive-date=2016-07-22}}</ref>

 

=== Amerika Selatan ===

Di beberapa tempat, daging tikus dianggap berpenyakit dan tidak bersih, tidak dapat diterima secara sosial, atau ada larangan agama yang kuat terhadapnya. Islam dan tradisi Kashrut melarangnya,{{fact}} sementara orang Shipibo di Peru dan Sirionó di Bolivia memiliki budaya tabu terhadap makan tikus.<ref>Behrens, Clifford A. (September 1986) ''Shipibo Food Categorization and Preference: Relationships between Indigenous and Western Dietary Concepts''. American Anthropologist, Nathan New Series, Vol. 88, No. 3. pp. 647–658.</ref><ref>Priest, Perry N. (October 1966) ''Provision for the Aged among the Sirionó Indians of Bolivia''. American Anthropologist, New Series, Vol. 68, No. 5. pp. 1245–1247</ref>

=== Polinesia ===

Dalam budaya tradisional [[Hawaii]] dan [[Polinesia]], tikus adalah makanan sehari-hari bagi rakyat jelata. Saat berpesta, orang Polinesia [[Rapa Nui]] biasa makan daging tikus, tetapi raja tidak diizinkan menyantap tikus, karena kepercayaan penduduk pulau itu pada "keadaan kesucian" yang disebut tapu.<ref>Leach, Helen. (February 2003) ''Did East Polynesians Have a Concept of Luxury Foods?'' World Archaeology, Vol. 34, No. 3, Luxury Foods. pp. 442–457.</ref> Dalam mempelajari situs arkeologi prakontak di Hawaii, para arkeolog sisa-sisa tikus yang terkait dengan rumah tangga rakyat jelata jauh lebih banyak daripada di rumah tangga elit. Tulang tikus yang ditemukan di semua lokasi terfragmentasi, dibakar, dan ditutupi bahan berkarbonisasi, yang menunjukkan bahwa tikus dimakan sebagai makanan. Terjadinya sisa-sisa tikus yang lebih besar yang terkait dengan rumah tangga biasa dapat menunjukkan bahwa para elit Hawaii sebelum kontak tidak mengkonsumsinya akibat masalah tradisi atau selera.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Kirch | first1 = Patrick V. | last2 = Sharyn Jones | first2 = O'Day | year = 2003 | title = New Archaeological Insights into Food and Status: A Case Study from Pre-Contact Hawaii. | journal = World Archaeology | volume = 34 | issue = 3| pages = 484–497 | doi=10.1080/0043824021000026468| s2cid = 161955651 }}</ref>

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