BP (perusahaan): Perbedaan antara revisi

BP beroperasi di hampir 80&nbsp;negara di seluruh dunia, memproduksi sekitar {{convert|3.7|e6oilbbl/d}} [[Barrel of oil equivalent|oil equivalent]], dan memiliki total cadangan terbukti {{convert|19.945|e9oilbbl}} setara minyak.<ref name="AR18-glance"/> Perusahaan ini memiliki sekitar 18.700&nbsp;stasiun servis di seluruh dunia.<ref name="AR18-glance"/> Divisi terbesarnya adalah BP America di [[Amerika Serikat ]]. Di Rusia, BP memiliki 19,75% saham di [[Rosneft]], perusahaan minyak dan gas [[Perusahaan publik|publik]] terbesar di dunia berdasarkan cadangan dan produksi [[hidrokarbon]].<ref name=":2" >{{Cite journal|last1=Overland|first1=Indra|last2=Godzimirski|first2=Jakub|last3=Lunden|first3=Lars Petter|last4=Fjaertoft|first4=Daniel|date=2013|title=Kemitraan lepas pantai Rosneft: the pembukaan kembali perbatasan minyak Rusia?|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259431566|journal=Polar Record|language=en|volume=49|issue=2|pages=140–153|doi =10.1017/S003224741200137|issn=0032-2474|doi-access=free}}</ref> BP memiliki daftar utama di [[London Stock Exchange]] dan merupakan konstituen dari [[FTSE 100 Index]]. Ini memiliki daftar sekunder di [[Bursa Saham Frankfurt]] dan [[Bursa Saham New York]]. Pada tahun 2020 [[Forbes Global 2000]], BP menduduki peringkat sebagai perusahaan publik terbesar ke-357 di dunia.<ref>{{cite web |title=Forbes Global 2000 | url= https://www.forbes.com/companies/bp/?sh=148e7957384b |access-date=31 Oktober 2020}}</ref>

Helge Lund adalah ketua dewan direksi BP plc dengan Bernard Looney sebagai chief executive officer.<ref name="bp280418">{{cite press release|url=https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/news- and-insights/press-releases/helge-lund-to-suceed-carl-henric-svanberg-as-chairman.html |title=Helge Lund untuk menggantikan Carl-Henric Svanberg sebagai ketua BP |publisher=BP | date = 28 April 2018 |access-date=21 Maret 2019}}</ref><ref> name="LooneyCEO"{{cite news |title=Bos BP baru Bernard Looney menjanjikan emisi nol-bersih pada tahun 2050 |work=[[Financial Times]] |url=https://www.ft.com/content/e1ee8ab4-4d89-11ea-95a0-43d18ec715f5 |last1=Raval |first1=Anjli |date=12 Februari 2020 |access-date=12 Februari 2020}}</ref>

Setelah Amerika Serikat [[Federal Trade Commission]] menyetujui merger BP-Amoco pada tahun 1998, saham Amoco dikeluarkan dari [[S&P 500|Standard & Poor's 500]] dan digabungkan dengan saham BP di [[London Bursa Efek]].<ref name="BBC1998">{{cite news |title=Bisnis: Perusahaan Mengajukan Lampu Hijau untuk BP Amoco |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business /244864.stm |work=BBC News |date=30 Desember 1998 |access-date=28 Agustus 2012}}</ref> Merger dengan Amoco menghasilkan kenaikan harga saham sebesar 40% pada April 1999.<ref name= "Brierly1999">{{cite news |title=BP membuatnya kaya di Amerika |last1=Brierly |first1=David |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/bp-strikes-it- rich-in-america-1084972.html |newspaper=The Independent |date=4 April 1999 |access-date=28 Agustus 2012 |location=London}}</ref> Namun, saham turun hampir 25% pada awal tahun 2000, ketika Komisi Perdagangan Federal menyatakan penentangan terhadap akuisisi ARCO oleh BP-Amoco.<ref name="NYTFeb2000">{{cite news |title=BP A Laba Kuartal ke-4 moco Berlipat ganda karena Kenaikan Harga Minyak |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/02/16/business/bp-amoco-s-4th-quarter-profit-doubled-on-rise- in-oil-prices.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=16 Februari 2000 |access-date=28 Agustus 2012}}</ref> Akuisisi ini akhirnya disetujui pada April 2000, meningkatkan nilai saham 57 sen dari sebelumnya tahun.<ref name="CNNMoney2000">{{cite news |title=BP meningkatkan laba 2Q |url=https://money.cnn.com/2000/08/08/europe/bp/index.htm |publisher =CNN |date=8 Agustus 2000 |access-date=28 Agustus 2012}}</ref>

In the first quarter of 2001 the company adopted the marketing name of BP, and replaced its "Green Shield" logo with the "Helios" symbol, a green and yellow sunflower logo named after the [[Helios|Greek sun god]] and designed to represent energy in its many forms. BP introduced a new corporate slogan – "Beyond Petroleum" along with a $200M advertising and marketing campaign.<ref name="Ries">Laura Ries for Ries Pieces. May 2010. [http://ries.typepad.com/ries_blog/2010/05/bp-has-a-brand-problem.html BP has a Brand Problem]<div id="qonyt3qzpo" class="shield-container" style="cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; display: -webkit-inline-box; width: 16px; height: 16px;"><div data-reactroot="" class="shield_container"><div class="wot_shield shield shield_green "></div></div></div></ref><ref name="Landman">Anne Landman ''PR Watch''. 3 May 2010 [http://www.prwatch.org/node/9038 BP's "Beyond Petroleum" Campaign Losing its Sheen]<div id="uqn6v9nqs6" class="shield-container" style="cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; display: -webkit-inline-box; width: 16px; height: 16px;"><div data-reactroot="" class="shield_container"><div class="wot_shield shield shield_green "></div></div></div></ref> According to the company, the new slogan represented their focus on meeting the growing demand for fossil fuels, manufacturing and delivering more advanced products, and to enable transitioning to a lower carbon footprint.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Beyond petroleum |journal=Science |volume=329 |issue=5993 |pages=727 |publisher=BP |bibcode=2010Sci...329..727K |last1=Kennedy |first1=D. |year=2010 |doi=10.1126/science.1194561 |pmid=20705817 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

By 2008, BP's branding campaign had succeeded with the culmination of a 2007 Effie Award from the [[American Marketing Association]], and consumers had the impression that BP was one of the greenest petroleum companies in the world.<ref>Gregory Solman for Adweek 21 January 2008 [http://www.adweek.com/news/advertising/coloring-public-opinion-91644 Coloring Public Opinion?]<div id="vmu80wuok6" class="shield-container" style="cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; display: -webkit-inline-box; width: 16px; height: 16px;"><div data-reactroot="" class="shield_container"><div class="wot_shield shield shield_green "></div></div></div></ref> BP was criticised by environmentalists and marketing experts, who stated that the company's alternative energy activities were only a fraction of the company's business at the time.<ref>Stephen A. Greyser for the Harvard Business Review Magazine. 9 June 2010 [http://blogs.hbr.org/hbsfaculty/2010/06/the-bp-brands-avoidable-fall.html The BP Brand's Avoidable Fall]<div id="osypg31oc3" class="shield-container" style="cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; display: -webkit-inline-box; width: 16px; height: 16px;"><div data-reactroot="" class="shield_container"><div class="wot_shield shield shield_green "></div></div></div></ref> According to [[Democracy Now]], BP's marketing campaign amounted to a deceptive [[greenwashing]] public-relations [[spin (public relations)|spin campaign]] given that BP's 2008 budget included more than $20 billion for fossil fuel investment and less than $1.5 billion for all alternative forms of energy.<ref name="Amy Goodman" /><ref name="Kempff">[http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/Global/usa/report/2010/1/carbon-scam-noel-kempff-clima.pdf ''Carbon Scam'': Noel Kempff Climate Action Project and the Push for Sub-national Forest Offsets]<div id="zavogq78gt" class="shield-container" style="cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; display: -webkit-inline-box; width: 16px; height: 16px;"><div data-reactroot="" class="shield_container"><div class="wot_shield shield shield_green "></div></div></div> Sub-prime carbon brought to you by AEP, BP, and Pacificorp, Greenpeace 10/2009 pages 4–5 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628234759/http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/Global/usa/report/2010/1/carbon-scam-noel-kempff-clima.pdf |date=28 June 2011 }}<div id="uypjv6a1jm" class="shield-container" style="cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; display: -webkit-inline-box; width: 16px; height: 16px;"><div data-reactroot="" class="shield_container"><div class="wot_shield shield shield_green "></div></div></div><span> 28 June 2011 di </span>[[Wayback Machine]]<span>.</span>
[[Category:Templat webarchive tautan wayback]]</ref> Oil and energy analyst [[Antonia Juhasz]] notes BP's investment in green technologies peaked at 4% of its exploratory budget prior to cutbacks, including the discontinuation of BP Solar and the closure of its alternative energy headquarters in London.<ref name=reuters211211/><ref name="Amy Goodman">

BP attained a negative public image from the series of industrial accidents that occurred through the 2000s, and its public image was severely damaged after the Deepwater Horizon explosion and Gulf Oil spill. In the immediate aftermath of the spill, [[Reactions to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill#BP public relations|BP initially downplayed the severity of the incident]], and made many of the same PR errors that Exxon had made after the ''Exxon Valdez'' disaster.<ref>Ann C Mulkern for ''The New York Times''. 10 June 2010 [https://www.nytimes.com/gwire/2010/06/10/10greenwire-bps-pr-blunders-mirror-exxons-appear-destined-98819.html BP's PR Blunders Mirror Exxon's, Appear Destined for Record Book]<div id="wfd0csb3na" class="shield-container" style="cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; display: -webkit-inline-box; width: 16px; height: 16px;"><div data-reactroot="" class="shield_container"><div class="wot_shield shield shield_green "></div></div></div></ref><ref name="Wired">{{cite news|last=Van Buskirk|first=Eliot|title=BP's Social Media Campaign Going About as Well as Capping That Well|url=https://www.wired.com/business/2010/06/bps-social-media-campaign-going-about-as-well-as-capping-that-well/|work=Wired|access-date=2 April 2013|date=9 June 2010}}</ref> CEO Tony Hayward was criticised for his statements and had committed several gaffes, including stating that he "wanted his life back."<ref>Suzanne Vranica for the Wall Street Journal. 29 December 2010 [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204685004576046302759708050 Public Relations Learned the Hard Way]<div id="gt4tqik45d" class="shield-container" style="cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; display: -webkit-inline-box; width: 16px; height: 16px;"><div data-reactroot="" class="shield_container"><div class="wot_shield shield shield_green "></div></div></div></ref> Some in the media commended BP for some of its social media efforts, such as the use of Twitter and Facebook as well as a section of the company's website where it communicated its efforts to clean up the spill.<ref name="Slate2010">Christopher Beam for Slate. 5 May 2010 [http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/politics/2010/05/oil_slick.single.html Oil Slick: How BP is handling its P.R. disaster]<div id="fr1h7sj9b9" class="shield-container" style="cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; display: -webkit-inline-box; width: 16px; height: 16px;"><div data-reactroot="" class="shield_container"><div class="wot_shield shield shield_green "></div></div></div></ref><ref>Elizabeth Shogren for NPR. 21 April 2011 [https://www.npr.org/2011/04/21/135575238/bp-a-textbook-example-of-how-not-to-handle-pr BP: A Textbook Example Of How Not To Handle PR]<div id="tke8shnop2" class="shield-container" style="cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; display: -webkit-inline-box; width: 16px; height: 16px;"><div data-reactroot="" class="shield_container"><div class="wot_shield shield shield_green "></div></div></div></ref><ref>Ian Smith for Intelegia. 24 January 2011. [http://www.intelegia.com/en/2011/01/24/good-content-strategy-or-public-relations/ Good Content Strategy or Public Relations]<div id="k6j92i77dy" class="shield-container" style="cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; display: -webkit-inline-box; width: 16px; height: 16px;"><div data-reactroot="" class="shield_container"><div class="wot_shield shield shield_gray "></div></div></div> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617144304/http://www.intelegia.com/en/2011/01/24/good-content-strategy-or-public-relations/ |date=17 June 2013 }}<div id="q0wjzda8kl" class="shield-container" style="cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; display: -webkit-inline-box; width: 16px; height: 16px;"><div data-reactroot="" class="shield_container"><div class="wot_shield shield shield_gray "></refdiv></div></div><span> 17 June 2013 di </span>[[Wayback Machine]]<span>.</span>

In February 2012 BP North America launched a $500 million branding campaign to rebuild its brand.<ref>Jonathan Morris for Wall St. Cheat Sheet. 3 February 2012 [https://finance.yahoo.com/news/BP-To-Spend-500M-Restore-Its-wscheats-4005309358.html BP To Spend $500M to Restore Its Brand]<div id="voocuo30wj" class="shield-container" style="cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; display: -webkit-inline-box; width: 16px; height: 16px;"><div data-reactroot="" class="shield_container"><div class="wot_shield shield shield_green "></div></div></div></ref>

In May 2012, BP tasked a press office staff member to openly join discussions on the Wikipedia article's talk page and suggest content to be posted by other editors.<ref>Brian Merchant for Motherboard. 2 April 2013. [http://motherboard.vice.com/blog/meet-the-pr-guru-who-wants-to-help-corporations-get-heard-on-wikipedia Meet the PR Guru Who Wants to Help Corporations Write Wikipedia]<div id="rf51v3dzfs" class="shield-container" style="cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; display: -webkit-inline-box; width: 16px; height: 16px;"><div data-reactroot="" class="shield_container"><div class="wot_shield shield shield_green "></div></div></div> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403142317/http://motherboard.vice.com/blog/meet-the-pr-guru-who-wants-to-help-corporations-get-heard-on-wikipedia |date=3 April 2013 }}</ref> Controversy emerged in 2013 over the amount of content from BP that had entered this article.<refdiv nameid="zdnet2013g38hm4x4my">Violet Blue, [http://www.zdnet.com/bigclass="shield-oils-wikipedia-cleanup-a-brand-management-experiment-out-of-control-7000013160/container" style="Bigcursor: Oil'spointer; Wikipedia cleanupdisplay: Ainline-block; branddisplay: management-webkit-inline-box; experimentwidth: out16px; ofheight: control16px;"],><div ZDNet,data-reactroot="" 27class="shield_container"><div Marchclass="wot_shield 2013.shield Retrievedshield_green 28 March 2013"></refdiv><ref/div>Natasha Lennard [http://www.salon.com/2013/03/21/bp_edited_its_own_environmental_record_on_wikipedia</div><span> Salon,3 21 MarchApril 2013]. Retrieveddi 28 March 2013</refspan> Wikipedia co-founder [[JimmyWayback WalesMachine]] stated that, by identifying himself as a BP staff member, the contributor in question had complied with site policy regarding conflicts of interest<span>.<ref name="zdnet2013" /span>

BP telah beroperasi di [[Indonesia]] lebih dari 35 tahun, kini menjadi salah satu investor terbesar di Indonesia, dengan [[investasi]] kumulatif lebih dari [[USD]] 5 [[Milyar]]. Akuisisi asset ARCO pada tahun 2000-an dan persetujuan dari Pemerintah [[Republik Indonesia]] pada Maret 2005 untuk memulai konstruksi LNG Tangguh, memperbesar secara signifikan posisi BP pada sektor [[energi]] di [[Indonesia]]. Saat ini BP Indonesia memiliki karyawan lebih dari 1.000 orang, yang sebagian besar berada di [[Jakarta]] dan [[Papua Barat]].<ref name="BPin">[http://www.bp.com/sectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=9004745&contentId=7008745 BP in Indonesia]<div id="lvu9q8x2kz" class="shield-container" style="cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; display: -webkit-inline-box; width: 16px; height: 16px;"><div data-reactroot="" class="shield_container"><div class="wot_shield shield shield_green "></div></div></div></ref>